The problems of judicial expertise in criminal proceedings Abstract Judicial Expertise is a substantial and irreplaceable part of criminal proceedings. It's legal regulation is required to fulfil high demands. Firstly, it must provide an effective platform for usage of expert evidence in criminal proceedings. Secondly, it ought to ensure that experts provide quality outcomes in compliance with lege artis. Thirdly, it should offer satisfying conditions for expert's activities. This thesis selects a few of the current issues originating from aforementioned requirements. It analyses their origin and evaluates how the Czech legal regulation solves them. At first, the thesis defines fundamental institutes which create a base for an expert's function in criminal proceedings. Subsequently, it offers an overview of statutory regulation of judicial expertise in criminal proceedings. It deals with both special regulation in criminal law and general regulation of Act No. 254/2019 Sb., on judicial experts, expert offices and expert institutes, together with relevant ordinances. Chapter three deals with legislative changes in the field of judicial experts effective from 1st January 2021. It focuses on new experts appointing, remuneration and supervision of experts' activities. It analyses and compares how these issues...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:52:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MoizesMJ.pdf: 1011834 bytes, checksum: ffa5361cb63389f87619860e04f5e1a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-18 / The changes incurred in the financial system with the introduction of new technologies and new forms of administration of banks has caused impact on the health of workers. These changes, which passed in the process of work, generate a combined share of the risk factors that result in numerous injuries and illnesses among banks, notably between the operators of banks tellers. The Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disordes - WRMD represent a group of occupational diseases always present among these workers. Because of its high incidence and the amount of financial resour envolved to manage the problem has been the object of constant study. This paper aims to analyze the bank teller activity; search the occurrence of WRMD in the activity, identifying the factors determining the occurrence of WRMD in the activity and determine the real number of touchs on a keyboard made by the operator and propose solutions that influence the reduction of illness in the workplace of the bank teller. Methodological tools of ergonomics are used to provide a broad knowledge of aspects of work that have been studied and influential in the generation of occupational diseases studied. It was found that activity put workers to serious risk of occupational diseases. As the main contributory factors and determinants for this illness: the requirements and control the numbers daily endorsements; evaluation system based on performance targets for productivity; management system at time of service to customers; work with stressful factors (broken box); excess of time worked; furniture of workstations with ergonomic inadequacies and policy for the prevention of occupational diseases inefficient. They have also noted cases of illness for DORT workers without fulfilling the legal requirement of the issuance of the communication of labour accident and without the removal of the employee of the workplace / As transforma??es ocorridas no sistema financeiro com a introdu??o de novas tecnologias e novas formas de administra??o dos bancos t?m causado impacto na sa?de dos trabalhadores. Estas mudan?as, que repercutem no processo de trabalho, geram uma a??o combinada de fatores de riscos que resultam em in?meros agravos e doen?as entre os banc?rios, notadamente entre os operadores de caixa de bancos. Os Dist?rbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho DORT representam um grupo de afec??es ocupacionais sempre presente entre estes funcion?rios. Pela sua alta incid?ncia e pelo montante de recursos financeiros envolvidos para o gerenciamento do problema, os DORT t?m sido objeto constante de estudo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a atividade do operador de caixa de um banco; pesquisar a ocorr?ncia dos DORT na atividade; identificar os fatores determinantes da ocorr?ncia dos DORT na atividade; determinar o n?mero de toques reais sobre um teclado realizado pelo operador de caixa e propor solu??es que influenciem na diminui??o do adoecimento no ambiente de trabalho do operador de caixa de banco. Instrumentos metodol?gicos da ergonomia s?o utilizados para proporcionar um amplo conhecimento dos aspectos do trabalho no banco estudado e que foram influentes na gera??o das patologias ocupacionais existentes. Constatou-se que a atividade submete os trabalhadores ? condi??o de trabalho em situa??o de risco grave de adoecimento, sendo os principais fatores contributivos e determinantes para este adoecimento: as exig?ncias e o controle dos n?meros de autentica??es di?rias; sistema de avalia??o de resultados baseado em metas de produtividade; sistema de gerenciamento de tempo de atendimento ?s filas de clientes; trabalho com fatores estressantes (quebra de caixa); sobrejornada de trabalho; mobili?rio dos postos de trabalho com inadequa??es ergon?micas e pol?tica de preven??o de doen?as ocupacionais ineficiente. Foram ainda constatados casos de adoecimento por DORT de trabalhadores sem o cumprimento da exig?ncia legal da emiss?o da Comunica??o de Acidente do Trabalho e sem o afastamento do trabalhador do posto de trabalho

[pt] O abuso sexual infantil (ASI) é um fenômeno de extrema complexidade, considerado como uma das mais graves formas de violação de direitos humanos. São necessárias intervenções terapêuticas e judiciais. Quando ocorrido no seio familiar, além das medidas que interrompam a violência e responsabilizem o agressor, é imprescindível o tratamento da criança e da família. O presente estudo investigou as práticas em avaliação psicológica realizadas pelos psicólogos forenses do judiciário fluminense nos processos judiciais envolvendo suspeita de abuso sexual infantil intrafamiliar. Para tanto, foram entrevistados seis psicólogos forenses vinculados ao Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (TJRJ). Entre os participantes estão quatro analistas judiciários ocupando cargos de psicólogos e duas psicólogas peritas judiciais. A partir da análise de conteúdo de Bardin, emergiram três categorias: avaliação psicológica: percepções e recursos; perícias psicológicas em casos de abuso sexual infantil intrafamiliar; e dificuldades dos psicólogos forenses no contexto do TJRJ. Concluímos que as práticas avaliativas são diversas e que há pouca abertura para a utilização de instrumentos psicológicos além das entrevistas. O espaçamento temporal entre a ocorrência da violência e a perícia, o alto volume de trabalho e os curtos prazos processuais foram complicadores referidos por todos os participantes. Evidenciamos que as limitações inerentes ao contexto forense interferem na sistematização do processo avaliativo e na escolha dos procedimentos a serem utilizados nas perícias judiciais. Destacamos a importância de mais estudos sobre as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos psicólogos no campo forense em razão das particularidades de cada estado brasileiro. / [en] Child sexual abuse is a phenomenon of extreme complexity, considered one of the most serious forms of human rights violation. Therapeutic and judicial interventions are required. When it occurs within the family, in addition to measures that stop the violence and hold the aggressor accountable, the treatment of the child and the family is essential. The present study investigated the practices in psychological assessment carried out by forensic psychologists of the Rio de Janeiro judiciary in judicial proceedings involving suspected intrafamilial child sexual abuse. For that, 6 forensic psychologists linked to the Court of Justice of the State of Rio de Janeiro were interviewed. Among the participants are four judicial analysts occupying positions of psychologists and two psychologists who are judicial experts. From Bardin s content analysis, three categories emerged: psychological assessment: perceptions and resources; psychological expertise in cases of intrafamilial child sexual abuse and difficulties faced by forensic psychologists in the context of the Court of Justice. We concluded that the evaluative practices are diverse and there is little opening for the use of psychological instruments besides the interviews. The temporal spacing between the occurrence of violence and the expertise, the high volume of work and the short procedural deadlines were complicating factors mentioned by all participants. We evidenced that the limitations inherent to the forensic context interfere in the systematization of the evaluation process and in the choice of procedures to be used in the judicial expertise. We emphasize the importance of further studies on the difficulties faced by psychologists in the forensic field due to the particularities of each Brazilian state.