L’interaction des ondes avec la microstructure des matériaux polycristallins a pour conséquence l’apparition d’un bruit dit "de structure" provenant à la fois de la diffusion simple (DS) mais aussi de la diffusion multiple (DM). L’acquisition de la matrice de transfert, K, mesurée à l’aide d’un réseau de transducteurs, a permis de mettre en évidence que les composantes DS et DM présentaient des comportements distincts. Aubry et al. ont proposé une méthode exploitant cette différence de comportement afin de séparer ces deux contributions et d'utiliser la composante DS pour imager le milieu. Cette méthode appelée MSF-DORT a été testée sur des matériaux industriels, au cours de la thèse de S. Shahjahan, et a permis de mettre en évidence son potentiel pour l'imagerie de défauts volumiques enfouis en milieu fortement diffusant. La première partie de cette thèse porte donc sur l'amélioration de MSF-DORT afin d'augmenter les performances en termes de détection de défauts et de repousser la profondeur maximale de détection de défauts volumiques. Une seconde partie aborde la possibilité d'étendre les applications de MSF-DORT à la détection de défauts dits "plans" (par opposition aux défauts volumiques) représentatifs des fissures. Cette thèse a permis de démontrer l'inefficacité de MSF-DORT pour la détection de ce type de défauts. Une troisième partie de ce travail a abouti à l'étude de la méthode FER-DORT (pour Focalisation en Emission et Réception - DORT). Cette dernière méthode présente des résultats très encourageants pour la détection de défauts plans. / The ultrasonic inspection of polycrystalline media remains a challenge. The high noise levels due to interaction between the wave and the microstructure limits the efficiency of classical ultrasonic techniques to detect a defect in a coarse grain structure. This noise comes from both single scattering (SS) and multiple scattering (MS). The acquisition of the transfer matrix, K, measured using a phased array probe, has shown that the SS and MS components have distinct behaviors. Aubry et al. proposed a method exploiting this difference in order to separate these two contributions and use the SS component for imaging the environment. This method called MSF-DORT was tested on industrial component, during the thesis of S. Shahjahan, and helped to highlight its potential for imaging bulk defects in strongly scattering medium. The first work presents in this thesis focuses on improving MSF-DORT to increase his performance in terms of defect detection and repel the maximum depth of volume defects detection. The second part deals with the possibility of extending MSF-DORT applications for the detection of known defects "planes" (as opposed to volume defects) representative cracks. This thesis has demonstrated the ineffectiveness of MSF-DORT for the detection of such defects. A third part of this work led to the study of FER-DORT method (for Focus on Making and Receiving - DORT). This last method shows very encouraging results for the detection of planes defects.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:42:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo7515_1.pdf: 6177503 bytes, checksum: dc0c9aecb9228dcf08b96cd16bc8ae61 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / A atividade de manutenção de linhas de transmissão de energia elétrica permanece à margem dos estudos ergonômicos que melhoram eficiência e qualidade operacionais. As referências são escassas. Nos artigos internacionais, encontra-se indicações de risco elevado de DORT para a atividade. Percebe-se a ausência destas referências nos manuais de intervenção em sistemas energizados. Este estudo analisou as condições de trabalho nesta atividade. Os objetivos específicos desta dissertação foram analisar os aspectos físicos, cognitivos e psíquicos do trabalho. Motivou-se pelo interesse da entidade sindical e foi delineado como exploratório, através de estudo de caso e revisão bibliográfica. O estudo foi realizado com uma equipe da Chesf, onde simulações apontaram para 5400 incidentes, demonstrando existirem desequilíbrios na interface homens-máquinas-tarefas. Os dados foram levantados através de entrevistas, questionários e observações e analisados qualitativa e quantitativamente. Os fundamentos teóricos estão na Teoria Geral dos Sistemas. Para a análise realizada foi utilizada a metodologia do sistema homem-tarefa-máquina, proposta por Moraes & Mont"alvão (2000). Segundo o qual o sistema é formado por partes interagentes, segundo plano ou princípio, para atingir um fim. A questão-problema foi "quais são as cargas e custos humanos do trabalho associados às atividades de manutenção de linhas de transmissão de energia elétrica em voltagens acima de 230kV?". Os resultados confirmam o risco de DORT, além de queda e choque. Revezamentos e pausas impedem (retardam) manifestação dos males no grupo

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:55:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MILSON VIEIRA DE SOUSA JUNIOR.pdf: 559027 bytes, checksum: bb799be081e13cd1d4a78b009263a52b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-22 / The research aimed to examine the quality of life of the worker bearer of DORT cities in agricultural, then the Region of the valley of St. Patrick. For both, to assess the level of welfare of the worker with DORT, its socio-economic level, as well as changes in personal and professional life of the worker with DORT. We interviewed people with DORT and the results show that, in general, the participants did not show signs of inadequate social or psychological suffering. These results indicate a direction different from that found in the literature and they are discussed emphasizing the differences in lifestyle in large and small cities. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a qualidade de vida do trabalhador portador de DORT em cidades agrícolas, nesse caso na Região do Vale do São Patrício. Para tanto, avalia-se o nível de bem-estar do trabalhador com DORT, seu nível sócio-econômico, assim como as mudanças ocorridas na vida pessoal e profissional do trabalhador com DORT. Foram entrevistados portadores de DORT e os resultados mostram que, de uma maneira geral, os participantes não apresentam sinais de inadequação social nem de sofrimento psicológico. Esses resultados apontam numa direção diferente daquela encontrada na literatura e eles são discutidos ressaltando-se as diferenças no estilo de vida nas grandes e pequenas cidades.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T17:47:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALEXSANDRA REJANE DOS SANTOS ARAGAO MACIEL.pdf: 608214 bytes, checksum: 7b19057a1a44c2828cb1d967e1424e53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-28 / Descriptive study on the social representations of the workers acometidos for LER/DORT (Injuries for Repetitive Efforts Related Osteomusculares Riots to the Work) of the banking network of the city of They are Luis-ME. the research was developed with 9 bank clerks associates to the Union of the Bank clerks of the city. It was used as methodology the qualitative boarding and the half-structuralized interview as technique of collection of information. The study it uses the theoretical referencial of the social representations as base of metodológica sustentation. In the interviews, it was observed that the bank clerks had in such a way demonstrated to total unfamiliarity on the LER/DORT before how much after the adoecimento process, in virtue of the great lack of information on the illness. In accordance with the stories were evidenced that the form as the banking tasks are organized re-echo negative on the physical and mental health and in diverse other areas of the life of the bank clerks. Was evidenced unpreparedness of banking network and of system of health of São Luís in relation to process of adoecimento of bank clerks, and that same if they feel disoriented and abandoned at the beginning of process of adoecimento, for absence of people or agencies that can direct them it the processes of exits, that can come to eliminate or to attenuate the consequences of the better LER/DORT and to prepare them, in return case the laborativa activity. The suggestions seek enable these workers can contribute to the building of knowledge on the approach of LER/DORT, in the context of public health services, among which highlights are psychological assistance in a more intensive, since the disease is it is accompanied by restraint psychological. / Estudo descritivo sobre as representações sociais dos trabalhadores acometidos por LER/DORT (Lesões por Esforços Repetitivos/ Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho) da rede bancária da cidade de São Luís-MA. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com 9 bancários associados ao Sindicato dos Bancários da cidade. Utilizou-se como metodologia a abordagem qualitativa e a entrevista semiestruturada como técnica de coleta de informações. O estudo utiliza o referencial teórico das representações sociais como base de sustentação metodológica. Nas entrevistas, foi observado que os bancários demonstraram total desconhecimento sobre as LER/DORT tanto antes quanto depois do processo de adoecimento, em virtude da grande falta de informação sobre a doença. De acordo com os relatos ficou evidenciado que a forma como as tarefas bancárias estão organizadas repercutem negativamente sobre a saúde física e mental e em diversas outras áreas da vida dos bancários. Foi constatado um despreparo da rede bancária e do sistema de saúde de São Luís em relação ao processo de adoecimento dos bancários, e que os mesmos se sentem desorientados e desamparados no início do processo de adoecimento, pela ausência de pessoas ou órgãos que possam direcioná-los aos processos de saídas, que possam vir a eliminar ou atenuar as conseqüências das LER/DORT e melhor prepará-los, em caso de retorno à atividade laborativa. As sugestões apresentadas buscam possibilitar que esses trabalhadores possam contribuir para a construção de conhecimentos sobre a abordagem das LER/DORT, no contexto dos serviços públicos de saúde, dentre os quais destaca-se assistência psicológica de forma mais intensiva, uma vez que a doença faz-se acompanhar por descontroles psicológicos.

Cette thèse porte sur le contrôle non destructif par ultrasons et la détection de défauts dans des matériaux complexes. Elle apporte des améliorations à l’imagerie Total Focusing Method(TFM) lorsque les images sont altérées par un haut niveau de bruit. Trois points essentiels sont abordés : l’optimisation de l’acquisition de la matrice des réponses impulsionnelles K(t) avec des sources virtuelles ou des émissions codées en amplitude ; la séparation des sous-espaces vectoriels associés au signal et au bruit avec la Décomposition de l’Opérateur de Retournement Temporel (DORT) ; et la formation d’image dans le domaine temporel avec TFM après le débruitage des signaux. La thèse s’intéresse au bruit cohérent lié à la structure hétérogène d’un acier à gros grains, puis au bruit électronique incohérent introduit par la chaîne d’acquisition des signaux dans le cas d’un matériau viscoélastique très atténuant. Ce travail s’intéresse aussi aux artefacts d’imagerie engendrés par les ondes de surface se propageant le long d’un capteur multiéléments au contact. Les valeurs singulières associées à ces modes guidés sont modélisées pour faciliter l’interprétation de la décomposition de la matrice de transfert Kˆ(f)et filtrer les artefacts d’imagerie. Lorsque la zone d’intérêt est éloignée de l’axe central du capteur,une approche alternative à la rétro-propagation de vecteurs singuliers est proposée pour améliorer la qualité des images formées dans le domaine fréquentiel. Elle consiste à combinerla méthode DORT avec l’imagerie topologique. Après filtrage du bruit et des ondes de surface,les images TFM sont comparées avec celles calculées par rétro-propagation ou par imagerie topologique. Ensuite, ce travail s’intéresse à la détection dans un tube en polyéthylène dont l’atténuation viscoélastique fait apparaître un fort bruit électronique sur les images TFM. Pour enregistrer la matrice K(t) en augmentant la profondeur de pénétration des ultrasons, deux pseudo-codages de Hadamard sont développés, et les gains apportés sont justifiés théoriquement et expérimentalement. Un modèle théorique des valeurs singulières associées au bruit est ensuite proposé pour faciliter l’extraction de la réponse du défaut dans la matrice Kˆ(f). Enfin, la thèse introduit une méthode de filtrage pour Plane Wave Imaging (PWI) offrant de bonnes performances dans les matériaux complexes car elle cumule les avantages de sources virtuelles (utilisées dans l’acier) et des émissions codées (utilisées dans le polyéthylène) / This thesis is related to ultrasonic non-destructive testing and detection of defects in complex materials. Improvements of the Total Focusing Method (TFM) when images are corrupted bya high noise level are proposed. Three main points are developed : the optimization of the acquisition of the impulse response matrix K(t) using virtual sources or spatial coding ; the separation of subspaces associated with the signal and the noise using the decomposition of the time reversal operator (DORT) ; and the image formation in the time domain with TFM after the signal denoising. Two different types of noise are considered : the coherent noise linked to the heterogeneous structure of a coarse-grained steel, and the incoherent electronic noise introduced by the signal acquisition system in the case of a high attenuating viscoelastic material.The study also focuses on imaging artifacts generated by surface waves which propagate alonga contact array probe. The singular values associated with these guided modes are modeled tofacilitate the interpretation of the decomposition of the transfer matrix ˆK( f ), and to filter theartifacts. When the region of interest is far from the probe axis, an alternative approach to singular vector back-propagation is proposed in order to improve the quality of images formedin the frequency domain. This approach consists in combining the DORT method with the topologica limaging. After the noise and surface waves filtering, the TFM images are comparedwith those calculated by the singular vector back-propagation or by the topological imaging.Then, this work focuses on the detection in a polyethylene pipe of high viscoelastic attenuation introducing unwanted noise in the TFM images. To record the K(t) matrix while increasingthe ultrasonic penetration depth, two Hadamard pseudo-codes are developed, and the gainsare theoretically and experimentally justified. A theoretical model of the singular values associated with the noise is then proposed to facilitate the defect response extraction from thetransfer matrix ˆK( f ). Finally, a filtering procedure for Plane Wave Imaging (PWI) is proposed,which combines the advantages of virtual sources (used in the coarse-grained steel) and coded transmissions (used in the polyethylene), thus giving excellent performances in complex materials

Submitted by Rafael Santana (rafael.silvasantana@ufpe.br) on 2018-02-05T18:16:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Manoel Heleno de Castro fev 2017.pdf: 3161249 bytes, checksum: a0b0ff74e3eabb79373bc6a16f3dfe53 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-05T18:16:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Manoel Heleno de Castro fev 2017.pdf: 3161249 bytes, checksum: a0b0ff74e3eabb79373bc6a16f3dfe53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-20 / Esta pesquisa faz uma discussão das causas do absenteísmo laboral dos serventes de limpeza que presta serviço no campus Recife da UFPE e se estão relacionados ao uso de três equipamentos de limpeza: mop água, mop pó e enceradeira industrial. Foi utilizada a AET – Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho, iniciada com uma demanda que foi o número significativo de licenças médicas dos profissionais de limpeza durante os anos de 2010 a 2015, passando para analise da tarefa com a verificação das rotinas contidas no contrato de prestação de serviço, depois com a análise da atividade com a observação assistemática do trabalho real dos serventes e ao final se faz recomendações ergonômicas e de segurança do trabalho para contratos entre a administração pública e as empresas contratadas, além de modelo de rotinas e frequências de limpeza e um plano de trabalho de limpeza. Ainda, abordou-se sobre a terceirização no serviço público e seu contexto histórico, além de suas vantagens e desvantagens, também foi discutido o processo de contratação de empresa terceirizada no serviço público, também como ocorre à gestão e a fiscalização dos contratos. Foi realizada uma abordagem sobre a segurança do trabalho e a ergonomia. Foi feito um breve histórico da limpeza profissional e a evolução dos equipamentos de limpeza. Ainda foram feitas considerações sobre a usabilidade de produtos e sobre o conceito de absenteísmo e de absenteísmo por doença. A coleta de dados foi feita em folha de pagamento, atestados médicos e a pela aplicação de questionários. Os dados coletados não caracterizam que os equipamentos causam absenteísmo, mas podem contribuir, pois na análise dos atestados médicos a maior parte dos afastamentos é ocasionado por doenças do sistema osteomuscular e do tecido conjuntivo. / This research is a discussion of the causes of absenteeism in cleaning servants who work at UFPE's campus in Recife and if they are related to the use of three cleaning equipments: mop water, dust mop and industrial floor polisher. AET was used - Ergonomic Analysis of Work, which began with a demand of a significant number of medical licenses of cleaning professionals during the years of 2010-2015, reaching task analysis with verification of routines contained in the provision of contract service, then with the analysis of the activity with the systematic observation of the actual work of the servants, the end contains ergonomic recommendations and job security for contracts between the government and contractors, as well as model routines, cleaning frequencies and a work cleaning plan. Still, addressed the outsourcing in the public service and its historical context, as well as its advantages and disadvantages, was also discussed the hiring process of outsourcing companies in the public service, as well as the management and monitoring of contracts. An approach to occupational safety and ergonomics was performed. A brief history of professional cleaning and the evolution of cleaning equipments was also made. Considerations were made on the usability of products and the concept of absenteeism and absenteeism due to illness. Data collection was made due payroll, medical certificates and the use of questionnaires. The data collected do not characterize that the equipment cause absenteeism, but can contribute, because in the analysis of the majority of sick leave medical certificates was caused by diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue.

Submitted by Haroudo Xavier Filho (haroudo.xavierfo@ufpe.br) on 2016-03-01T14:28:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Mestrado - Ergonomia - Marcos Andre Santos Guedes.pdf: 1525587 bytes, checksum: d619f9d6aa02837679dba4ab3ea38ccf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-01T14:28:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Mestrado - Ergonomia - Marcos Andre Santos Guedes.pdf: 1525587 bytes, checksum: d619f9d6aa02837679dba4ab3ea38ccf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-23 / A sentença em muitos dos processos judiciais trabalhistas envolvendo lides provocadas por patologias pertencentes ao grupo LER/DORT são tomadas mediante a produção de prova pericial que além de se tratar de uma matéria de grande complexidade exigindo olhares multidisciplinares, ainda se defronta com questões como a formação profissional do perito nomeado e diretrizes a serem utilizadas como metodologia investigativa. Devido a esses fatores e a necessidade de evitar laudos periciais imprecisos procurou-se analisar possibilidades de auxílio na fase de reconhecimento de nexo causal a partir da adoção da norma ISO 11228-3 e do Decreto 6.957/09 utilizando-se de processos judiciais trabalhistas oriundos da intranet da 2ª Vara do Trabalho em Sergipe e de pesquisas praticadas na biblioteca digital da CAPES e do portal Google Acadêmico. As análises técnicas mostraram-se favoráveis a implantação da norma e do decreto como recurso auxiliar quando no enquadramento de nexo causalpor LER/DORT. A simulação do uso do decreto nos casos analisados revelou aumento no reconhecimento destas patologias ocupacionais em três vezes quando comparada as conclusões na íntegra produzidas pelo corpo pericial. Apenas um perito judicial possui formação de Pós-graduação na área de ergonomia. Disto confere ao Decreto 6.957/09 e a ISO 11228-3 valor como recurso auxiliar técnico em perícias judiciais de LER/DORT. / The sentence in many of the labor lawsuits involving labors caused by diseases belonging to the group LER/DORT are made by expert evidence production that besides it is a matter of great complexity requiring multidisciplinary looks, still faces issues such as training professional appointed expert and guidelines to be used as research methodology. Due to these factors and the need to avoid inaccurate expert reports sought to examine aid opportunities in the causal nexus of recognition phase with the adoption of ISO 11228-3 and Decree 6.957/09 using labor lawsuits arising intranet 2nd Labor Court in Sergipe and research practiced in the digital library and CAPES Scholar portal. Technical analysis showed their support for implementation of the standard and the decree as auxiliary resource when the nexus of causal framework for LER/DORT. The simulation of the use of the decree in the cases analyzed showed an increase in the recognition of these occupational diseases by three times compared to the conclusions in full produced by the expert body. Only one legal expert has Postgraduate training in ergonomics area. This gives the Decree 6,957 / 09 and ISO 11228-3 value as a resource technical assistant in legal expertise of RSI / MSDs.

Les câbles électriques sont partout dans de nombreux domaines où le transfert d'énergie et de l'information est nécessaire pour garantir une bonne performance d'un système. Un jour ou l'autre, un câble dans un réseau va montrer des signes de faiblesse qui conduit à l'apparition de défauts soit francs ou non francs. Malgré le fait que plusieurs méthodes de diagnostic de fil électriques et non-électriques ont été étudiés et mis au point au cours des dernières décennies, les techniques basées réflectométrie ont fourni des résultats efficaces avec des défauts difficiles, mais ont montré moins fiables à chaque fois que des erreurs légères sont traitées.Basé sur un concept radicalement différent, la méthode DORT, développé à l'origine en acoustique a récemment été transposée à la propagation à ondes guidées, par exemple, les réseaux de fils, et montré pour détecter avec précision et localiser les défauts mous simples même dans les configurations de réseau complexes. D'autre part, plusieurs défauts ne peuvent être résolus séparément. Désormais une formulation alternative du DORT basée sur un système de mise à jour est proposée. Notamment, cette nouvelle approche, appelée EDORT, a permis de localiser plusieurs défauts non francs dans différents réseaux de câblage et a permis l'extraction de l'intensité de chaque défaut uniquement. D'autre part, ces méthodes dans le domaine temporel comptent sur la disponibilité de potentiellement importantes largeurs de bande, afin de créer les conditions pour la résolution spatiale. Retournement temporel (TR) classement de signaux multiples, également connu sous le TR-MUSIC, assurée sous-longueur d'onde résolution spatiale des emplacements des défauts tout en travaillant sur une base mono-fréquence. TR-MUSIC a montré une bonne performance dans la localisation unique, ainsi que de multiples défauts non francs dans différentes configurations de réseau. Il a également montré pour permettre la récupération du coefficient de réflexion de chaque défaut séparément. / Electrical cables are everywhere in many fields where the transfer of energy and information is necessary to guarantee a good performance of a system. One day or another, a cable in a network will show signs of weakness leading to the appearance of either hard or soft faults. Despite the fact that several electric and non-electric wire diagnosis methods have been studied and developed throughout the last few decades, reflectometrybased techniques have been providing effective results with hard faults, but have shown to be less reliable whenever soft faults are addressed. Based on a radically different concept, the DORT method, originally developed in acoustics was recently transposed to guided-wave propagation, e.g., wire networks, and shown to precisely detect and locate single soft faults even within complex network configurations. On the other hand, multiple faults cannot be resolved separately. Henceforth an alternative formulation of the DORT based on an updating scheme is proposed. Notably, this novel approach, referred to as EDORT, allowed locating multiple soft faults in different wiring networks and enabled extracting the intensity of each fault solely. On the other hand, such time domain methods rely on the availability of potentially large bandwidths, in order to create the conditions for spatial resolution. Time-reversal (TR) multiple signal classification, also known as TR-MUSIC, ensured sub-wavelength spatial resolution of the faults’ locations while working on a single-frequency basis. TR-MUSIC has shown a good performance in locating single as well as multiple soft faults in different network configurations. It has also shown to allow retrieving the reflection coefficient of each fault separately.

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a associação entre queixas de dores musculoesqueléticas e turno irregular de trabalho, assim como avaliar a resposta de uma intervenção fisioterapêutica nas queixas musculoesqueléticas e em parâmetros do sono. Este estudo foi realizado em duas etapas. A primeira etapa constituiu um estudo transversal com 71 motoristas de caminhão que trabalhavam em uma empresa transportadora de cargas localizada na cidade de São Paulo (SP). Após os critérios de exclusão, teve início a segunda etapa do estudo. Participaram desta etapa 49 motoristas, sendo 24 do horário irregular, que inclui o horário noturno e 25 do horário diurno. Dentre estes 49 motoristas, 13 concordaram em participar de um programa de intervenção fisioterapêutica por 16 sessões (quatro meses). Os motoristas responderam a um questionário sobre dados sociodemográficos e de condições de trabalho, além de um específico sobre queixa de dores musculoesqueléticas e utilizaram por dez dias consecutivos actímetros em conjunto com protocolos de atividades diárias para estimar os padrões de sono. A intervenção consistiu de sessões de exercícios de alongamento e fortalecimento muscular. A análise do quadro doloroso foi realizada pela Escala Visual Analógica e pelo Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares. Resultados: 80,3 por cento dos motoristas referiram dor musculoesquelética nos últimos 12 meses, sendo que a prevalência de dores para a coluna vertebral foi de 66,2 por cento nesse mesmo período. O sono de má qualidade foi referido por 48 por cento dos motoristas do horário diurno e por 52 por cento dos motoristas do horário irregular e não houve associação significativa entre o sono de má qualidade e horário de trabalho (p=0,08). Foi encontrada associação entre sono de má qualidade e queixa de dor musculoesquelética para todas as regiões estudadas, exceto para os membros inferiores (p<0,05) nos últimos 12 meses e na última semana antecedente à pesquisa. Para as regiões com maior prevalência de queixa de dor os fatores associados foram a área da transferência (p<0,001) e o sono de má qualidade (p=0,05). Dos participantes da segunda etapa, os motoristas do horário irregular tem maior chance de apresentar sono de curta duração em relação aos motoristas do horário diurno (p<0,001). As variáveis estatisticamente significativas associadas para a duração do sono foram o horário irregular de trabalho (p<0,001) e dirigir acima de 10 horas (p=0,04). A duração do sono e o horário de trabalho foram preditores para queixa de dor na coluna dorsal, lombar e vertebral em relação aos últimos 12 meses. Dos 13 motoristas que iniciaram a intervenção, somente dois do horário diurno a completaram. Houve percepção da melhora do quadro álgico por estes motoristas. Conclusões: Há elevada prevalência de dores musculoesqueléticas entre motoristas, independente do horário de trabalho. Entretanto, sono de má qualidade, curta duração de sono e presença de dor parecem estar associados. Embora o programa de intervenção fisioterapêutica para redução de dores musculoesqueléticas tenha sido bem avaliado pelos motoristas, sua realização foi dificultada pela escolha da empresa dos horários e dias da semana em que a mesma foi realizada. / Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the association between musculoskeletal pain complaints and irregular shift work and to assess response to a physiotherapeutic intervention in terms of musculoskeletal pain and sleep parameters. This study was performed in two stages. The first stage entailed a cross-sectional study involving 71 truck drivers working for a freight company in São Paulo city (São Paulo State). The second stage of the study commenced after applying the exclusion criteria and included 49 drivers, 24 of whom worked irregular hours, including night shifts, and 25 that worked day shifts only. Of the 49 drivers, 13 agreed to take part in a physiotherapeutic intervention program of 16 sessions (four months). The drivers answered a questionnaire collecting sociodemographic and work-related data in addition to a specific questionnaire on musculoskeletal pain complaints. Participants wore actimeters for 10 consecutive days and filled out daily activity forms to estimate sleep patterns. The intervention comprised sessions of stretching and muscle strength exercises. Pain symptoms were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale and the Nordic Osteomuscular Symptoms Questionnaire. Results: A total of 80.3 per cent of the drivers reported musculoskeletal pain in the past 12 months, and pain prevalence for the spinal column was 66.2 per cent over the same period. Poor sleep quality was reported by 48 per cent of drivers on day shifts and by 52 per cent of drivers working irregular hours. No statistically significant association between poor sleep and work times was detected (p=0.08). An association between poor sleep quality and musculoskeletal pain was found for all body regions studied, except for lower limbs (p<0.05) in the past 12 months and the week preceding the study. The associated factors for the regions with higher prevalence of pain complaints were transfer area (p<0.001) and poor sleep quality (p=0.05). Of the participants in the second stage, drivers working irregular shifts had a greater likelihood of having short sleep duration compared to drivers working day shifts (p<0.001). A statistically significant association was identified between sleep duration and the variables working irregular shifts (p<0.001) and driving for longer than 10 hours (p=0.04). Sleep duration and work shift were predictors for pain complaints in the dorsal spine, lumbar spine and spinal column over the past 12 months. Of the 13 drivers who initially embarked on the intervention, only two of the day shift drivers completed the program. All drivers perceived pain improvements. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among drivers, irrespective of work shift. Poor sleep quality, short sleep duration and presence of pain appear to be associated factors. Although the physiotherapeutic intervention program for reducing musculoskeletal pain was assessed positively by the drivers, its implementation was hampered by the times and days of the week chosen by the company to run the program.

La reconstruction passive des fonctions de Green par corrélation de bruit ambiant suscite aujourd’hui un grand intérêt en contrôle santé intégré (CSI). Dans ce manuscrit, nous proposons une méthode originale reposant sur l’application de cette approche pour détecter et localiser des défauts (fissures, trous, rainures) dans des plaques minces réverbérantes avec un faible nombre de capteurs. Les ondes de flexion qui se propagent sur la plaque sont engendrées soit par un ensemble de sources aléatoirement réparties sur la surface ou un bruit ambiant. Un réseau de capteurs sensibles au déplacement normal permet d’estimer la matrice de corrélations inter-éléments avant et après l’apparition d’un défaut. Un critère d’évaluation de la qualité des corrélations est proposé sous forme d’un niveau de bruit relatif entre les résidus de reconstruction et les fonctions de Green. La matrice différentielle de corrélations avant et après défaut est utilisée pour l’imagerie de défaut. En dépit de la reconstruction imparfaite des réponses impulsionnelles, la technique proposée s’avère comparable aux méthodes actives avec une excellente résolution. On a proposé ensuite une extension de la méthode passive par corrélation de champs pour l’identification des zones de bruit. Un filtrage basé sur la technique de décomposition en valeurs singulières (DORT) est tout particulièrement utilisé pour améliorer les images de localisation. Des sources acoustiques secondaires ont été développées pour la translation du bruit ambiant basses fréquences en composantes hautes fréquences, utilisées pour localiser des défauts dans des plaques. Enfin, on a montré que ce type de méthode pourrait être également utilisé pour caractériser un défaut dans une structure réverbérante, en particulier, il a été souligné que l’intensité des images de localisation obtenues est liée à la section de diffusion de celui-ci. / Green’s functions retrieval from ambient noise correlation has recently drawn a new interest in structural health monitoring. In this manuscript, we propose an original method based on this approach to detect and locate defects (cracks, holes, grooves) in a reverberant thin plate with a limited number of sensors. Flexural waves that propagate on the plate are generated by either a set of sources distributed randomly on the surface or an ambient noise. Covariance matrices are estimated from the sparse array after damage and compared to baseline-correlation matrix recorded from the healthy plate. An evaluation criterion has developed in the form of relative noise level to predict the quality of the GF reconstruction. The differential correlation matrix w/o defect is used to localize the defect. We have shown numerically and experimentally that this technique is exploitable for defect detection and localization, despite a non-perfect estimation of the GF. We have also proposed a passive technique to identify the regions of noise. A filtering technique based on the singular value decomposition is shown to improve the detection. A secondary acoustic sources have been developped to harvesting the LF ambient noise to HF field, used to localize defects in platelike structures. Finally, it was shown that such method could also be used to characterize a defect in a reverberant structure, in particular, it has been drawn that the obtained images intensity is related to the defect cross-section.