Entre os efeitos ergogênicos levantados pela literatura da creatina estão, aumento de massa muscular, capacidade antioxidante, efeito de tamponamento e redução da lesão muscular ocasionada por exercícios físicos. Visto que a suplementação de creatina pode atenuar danos induzidos pelo exercício físico e influenciar diretamente o sistema ATP-CP, predominante da modalidade de voleibol, o presente estudo propôs o uso da suplementação de creatina associada ao carboidrato durante sete dias, concomitante à realização de um protocolo de indução de dano muscular a fim de investigar a capacidade de manter a integridade da célula muscular por meio de marcadores de lesão muscular e avaliar sua influência no teste de desempenho físico. Foi realizado um estudo duplo cego, randomizado com 14 atletas de voleibol, no qual foi suplementado creatina ou placebo por um período de 7 dias (fase de carga) e 4 dias (fase de manutenção). Antes e após as fases de suplementação os atletas foram submetidos ao teste de desempenho físico e a coleta de sangue para avaliar concentrações de creatina quinase, creatina plasmática e lactato desidrogenase. Após a realização do protocolo de suplementação de creatina foi observado um aumento na concentração total de creatina plasmática, peso corporal e menor percepção de dor no grupo suplementado com creatina. Não foi encontrada diferença no desempenho de salto, potência relativa e marcadores bioquímicos de lesão muscular de ambos os grupos. Quanto a ingestão alimentar, foi observado um aumento no consumo de proteínas e gorduras. Concluiu-se que a suplementação de creatina associada ao carboidrato foi capaz de atenuar a percepção de dor em atletas de voleibol após protocolo de indução de lesão. / Among the ergogenic effects raised by the literature of creatine are, increased muscle mass, antioxidant capacity, buffering effect and reduction of muscle injury caused by physical exercise. Since creatine supplementation may attenuate exercise-induced damage and directly influence the predominant volleyball ATP-CP system, the present study proposed the use of carbohydrate-associated creatine supplementation for seven days, concomitant with the performance of one muscle damage induction protocol to investigate the ability of creatine to maintain muscle cell integrity through muscle injury markers and to assess their influence on the physical performance test. A double-blind, randomized study with 14 volleyball athletes was performed with the supplementation of creatine or placebo for a period of 7 days (loading phase) and 4 days (maintenance phase). Before and after the supplementation phases, athletes underwent physical performance test and blood collection to evaluate concentrations of creatine kinase, plasma creatine and lactate dehydrogenase. After the creatine supplementation protocol an increase in plasma creatine total concentration, body weight and lower perception of pain in the creatine group was observed. No difference was found in the jump performance test, relative power and biochemical markers of muscle injury in both groups. Regarding food intake, there was observed an increase in protein and fat intake. In concluson, carbohydrate-associated creatine supplementation was able to attenuate the perception of pain in volleyball athletes after injury induction protocol.

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PURPOSE: To determine the relative contribution of vastus lateralis (VL) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) cross-sectional area (CSA) to countermovement jump height (JH) in collegiate athletes. METHODS: Sixty-nine male (n=33, 20.43 ± 1.68 y, 180.34 ± 11.39 cm, 77.54 ± 14.45 kg) and female (n=36, 19.79 ± 1.09 y, 168.46 ± 10.07 cm, 67.33 ± 9.48 kg) collegiate athletes competing in basketball, tennis, cross-country, weightlifting, and volleyball were recruited for the study. Testing was conducted as part of an on-going athlete monitoring program. Athletes were tested on measures of VL and LG CSA using β-mode ultrasonography, and JH measured on force platforms sampling at 1000Hz. Jump height was regressed on age, sex, body mass, VL and LG CSA using a simultaneous multiple linear regression after testing regression assumptions. A relative importance analysis was conducted to determine the relative contribution of each independent variable. The alpha level for all analyses was set at p≤0.05. RESULTS: The model explained 48% of the variance in JH (p<0.001, observed statistical power=0.99). Body mass (B=-0.16, p=0.01), sex (B=-5.10, p<0.001), and VL CSA (B=0.66, p<0.001) were statistical predictors of JH. Age, LG CSA, body mass, sex, and VL CSA contributed 3%, 3%, 7%, 32%, and 55% of the total variance explained by the model, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Vastus lateralis CSA has a greater contribution to JH than LG CSA while controlling for the variance of age, sex, and body mass. Therefore, greater emphasis should be placed on developing VL CSA than LG CSA for athletes whose goal is to improve JH. Athletes who lose body mass without losing VL CSA may also improve JH.

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abstract: This thesis aims to design of wings for a laminate biped robot for providing locomotion stabilization during jump gliding. The wings are designed to collapse down during the jumping phase to maximize jump height and deployed back for gliding phase using anisotropic buckling in tape spring hinges. The project aims to develop a reliable dynamics model which can be utilized for design and evaluation of optimized systems for jump-gliding. The aerodynamic simulations are run on a vortex-lattice code which provides numeric simulations of the defined geometric bodies. The aerodynamic simulations assist in improving the design parameters such as planform, camber and twist to achieve the best possible Coefficient of Lift for maximizing glide distance. The aerodynamic simulation output is then plugged into a dynamics model built in Python, which is validated and correlated with experimental testing of a key wing designs. The experimental results are then utilized to improve the dynamics model and obtain better designs for improved performance. The simulation model informs the aerodynamic design of wings for sustaining glide for the biped platform and maximizing glide length to increase range. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Aerospace Engineering 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between estimated absolute and relative squat strength and a static jump protocol with potential to provide desirable training adaptation data to practitioners in the field of collegiate strength and conditioning. Forty-one young (20.80 ± 2.44 years), healthy volunteers reported estimated back squat 1RM’s based on the most recent training block and completed a static jump protocol. Males (n=19, est. 1RM 141.29 ± 32.02kg) and female (n=22, est. 1RM 71.56 ± 19.64kg) jump data revealed large to very large correlations between squat strength, mean jump heights of jumps and other calculated variables.

This master's thesis describes the visualization of program flow of executable files on Microsoft Windows platform. In theoretical part it describes the PE EXE file format and instruction format. In following chapters there are described current methods of malware analysis, especially the analysis of program flow. Then there are introduced current malware visualization methods and tools for 3D data visualization. The main objective is design and implementation of 3D visualization of jumps in executable files. The result is the visualization tool, which helps to identify different samples of malware from the normal code.

博士（経営） / 85 p. / 一橋大学

Purpose: Young adolescent females are at the highest risk of sustaining an ACL injury, which may alter their movement and muscle activation patterns yet there is a lack sex- and age- specific guidelines for ACL injury management. The purpose of this study was to (1) evaluate the effects of limb dominance in a healthy uninjured population to serve as a baseline for the ACL-deficient cohort and (2) provide evidence of the neuromuscular patterns and biomechanical loading of uninjured and ACL-deficient knee joints in a female paediatric population. Methods: Eighteen active female adolescents with ACL rupture (ACLd) and 21 uninjured female adolescent controls matched for limb dominance (CON) participated in this study. Participants completed bilateral squats and drop vertical jumps (DVJ) while lower limb electromyography, kinetics and kinematics data were collected. Muscle synergies were extracted using a concatenated non-negative matrix factorization (CNMF) framework and compared between limbs, (CON dominant vs CON non-dominant and CON vs ACLd) across tasks and between limbs within tasks using intraclass correlation coefficients and statistical paramedic mapping. Results: ACLd participants took significantly longer to perform the squat relative to their uninjured peers. No significant differences were found for hip, knee and ankle peak joint flexion angles and moments between populations for the squat. Squat and DVJ muscle synergies were equivalent for dominant and non-dominant uninjured control limbs. ACL injured (ACL deficient and contralateral limbs) exhibited greater variability in DVJ synergy vectors than for the squat task. When comparing across tasks, scaling coefficients were consistently higher for the DVJ for all populations. Conclusion: Differences in lower limb kinematics, muscle activity and muscle activation patterns between dominant and non-dominant limbs indicate that limb symmetry, a clinical tool commonly used to assess rehabilitation and return to play may not provide relevant results. DVJ scaling factors were larger than those of the squat for all groups, likely due to the increased demand of that task. ACLd and CON participants completed squats and DVJ with similar lower limb joint angle patterns and muscle activity. ACL injured groups had fewer consistent vectors across tasks demonstrating greater variability in muscle activation patterns. This increased variability may be due to the ACL injury however, as injured participants were not studied pre- injury it cannot be confirmed.

The problem of epipolar geometry estimation together with correspondence establishment in case of wide baseline and large scale changes and rotation has been addressed in this work. This work deals with cases that are heavily noised by outliers. The jump diffusion MCMC method has been employed to search for the non-degenerate epipolar geometry with the highest probabilistic support of putative correspondences. At the same time, inliers in the putative set are also identified. The jump steps involve large movements guided by a distribution of similarity based priors while diffusion steps are small movements guided by a distribution of likelihoods given by the Joint Feature Distribution (JFD). The 'best so far' samples are accepted in accordance to Metropolis-Hastings method. The diffusion steps are carried out by sampling conditioned on the 'best so far', making it local to the 'best so far' sample, while jump steps remain unconditioned and span across the correspondence and motion space according to a similarity based proposal distribution making large movements. We advance the theory in three novel ways. First, a similarity based prior proposal distribution which guide jump steps. Second, JFD based likelihoods which guide diffusion steps allowing more focused correspondence establishment while searching for epipolar geometry. Third, a measure of degeneracy that allows to rule out degenerate configurations. The jump diffusion framework thus defined allows handling over 90% outliers even in cases where the number of inliers is very few. Practically, the advancement lies in higher precision and accuracy that has been detailed in this work by comparisons. In this work, BLOGS is compared with LO-RANSAC, NAPSAC, MAPSAC and BEEM algorithm, which are the current state of the art competing methods, on a dataset that has significantly more change in baseline, rotation, and scale than those used in the state of the art. Performance of these algorithms and BLOGS are quantitatively benchmark for a comparison by estimating the error in the epipolar geometry given by root mean Sampson's distance from manually specified corresponding point pairs which serve as a ground truth. Not just is BLOGS able to tolerate very high outlier rates, but also gives result of similar quality in 10 times lesser number of iterations than the most competitive among the compared algorithms.