The issue of juvenile criminal justice The topic of my Master's degree thesis is "The issue of criminal juvenile justice". It is focused on the area of unlawful acts of youth and children under fifteen years old. I have decided to focus on this area as it of a great interest to me. My Master's degree thesis is devided into five chapters and further split into subsections. In my thesis I have analyzed possible issues of corrective measures and their effectiveness. The main focus of my thesis is juridical and minor part is also devoted to criminal aspects of youth deliquency. I have accompanied my thesis with appropriate jurisprudence and real life examples. In the introductory chapter I have provided basic facts of the youth criminal acts, focusing mainly in the criminal aspects of the characteristic conducts and behaviors. The following chapter is focused on the historic development of the criminal jurisdiction of the youth deliquency on the territory of the Czech republic with the applicable Law No. 218/2003 Coll. Furthermore, this chapter is providing additional details for issuance of the separate legal act on the youth deliquency and comparison of this act with simile legal acts in the other countries. The third chapter is deep diving into the area of the legal accountability of youth people....

of the master thesis The issue of criminal juvenile justice The thesis deals with problems of criminal justice over juveniles. The purpose of the study is to bring an objective view of actual legal regulation in The Juvenile Justice Act No. 218/2003 and to identify problematic aspects of the juvenile justice system. Legal regulation is based upon the principle not to punish juvenile delinquents in repressive way, but to eliminate negative influences. The reason for my research is to discover the main causes of children's criminality and to outline their possible solutions. I focus on two big areas in the study - problems of the juvenile criminal liability and the system of legal instruments as a reaction of society to delinquency. The thesis is divided into six chapters; each chapter is further divided into several more subchapters according to a logical succession of addressed problems. In the first chapter I define basic terms, which are important to understand these issues. These definitions come out of the Juvenile Justice Act. Chapter two describes historical development of the juvenile legislation from 1931 to present time. The chapter consists of four parts. The main attention is given to actual legal regulation in The Juvenile Justice Act No. 218/2003. I try to show the defects of previous...

The thesis deals with criminal youth justice. It introduces the Swiss legal system, its fundamental aspects and methods of punishment of Swiss youth offenders. The basis for this is found in the Swiss law "Jugendstrafgesetz". The first chapter presents the current Czech legislation, describes the construction of the law on liability for wrongful acts of youth and juvenile justice, juvenile criminal responsibility to 18 years and their punishment for committing an offense. The Czech law divides sanctions on educational, protective and punitive measures. The Czech law does not recognize the concept of crime, but uses the term trespasses. This allows you to save quite a wide variety of records that can be saved from a warning alert after imprisonment. The Czech law also contains concrete procedures for investigation of crimes committed by youths. The second chapter is devoted to the Swiss legislation the law used was amateurishly translated into Czech by the author. The stated law describes the conditions in juvenile criminal liability for unlawful acts and the Swiss methods of punishment. The uniqueness of the Swiss regulation is the age of criminal responsibility which begins at the age of 10 years. Switzerland divides the sanctions for crimes into safeguards and penalties. Jugendstrafgesetz is not...

This thesis mainly deals with the procedures concerning the youth and children under fifteen years old, including the procedural status of subjects according to Act No. 218/2003 Coll. Youth on liability for unlawful acts of Juvenile Justice and amending certain acts (Act on Juvenile Justice), but the Act No. 40/2009 Coll., Penal Code. Introduction of this thesis is the historical development, both within Austria-Hungary or the Czech Republic after 2003. Its cross section is the interpretation of certain key concepts and principles that are essential to the interpretation and practical application of the Act itself. The chapter on the Institute diversions could not be omitted in this thesis. Using detours is still a new phenomenon for Czech criminal law and in the practice of law is still used less (unlike the penalties associated with imprisonment). It is mentioned both in the general characteristics of control over juveniles and children under fifteen years old, protection of private adolescents with an emphasis on the provision of information in cases, where the perpetrator or victim of the offense is a person under the age of fifteen years old. Here the emphasis is on whether such a procedure does not violate the constitutional right to a public hearing. The thesis is also devoted to the...

In my dissertation "Problémy trestního soudnictví ve věcech mládeže" I speak about the issues of criminality of the young and about the forms of reactions to misdemeanour caused by the young perpetrators or children. The main legal regulation in this area is the law no. 218/2003, about the judiciary in cases of the young, that contains the arrangement of the material and the procedural law. In connection to the criminal law and the penal code it is a lex specialis. In the first chapter I speak about the theoretical fundation of the law arrangement, and so about the conception of the restorative judiciary. The main idea of this conception is to favor the educational action before repression. The aim is the relationship reconsiliation between the perpetrator and the victim, the awareness of one's deeds and subsequent continuance in one's life in conformity with legal order. The theme of the second chapter is the terminology of the judiciary law in cases of the young. A different terminology was implemented in order to reduce the stigmatization of the young perpetrators, due the interest of their proper development. The third chapter represents a brief retrospect to the history of law arrangement in the area of criminality of the young. In particular, it speaks about the judiciary law among the young...

Anglický abstrakt The issues of the juvenile criminal justice This thesis is focused on question of juvenile delinquency, committing of unlawful acts of the youth and the children younger fifteen years old and penalties which are imposed according to Act No. 218/2003 Coll. This thesis deals with questions connected with delinquency of juvenile and handle them from view of substantial law, as to approach to them from criminality and criminology views. Thesis is focused on introducing united perspective of chosen topics juvenile criminal justice and in case of options settling alternative solutions. In the end of each chapter the author's own opinion is presented and in the case of problematic regulation also possible solution is proposed. Test is divided in to five chapters and further split into subsections. In first chapter basic key concepts regarding main thesis are defined. In the second chapter thesis deals with juvenile delinquency, especially about cause leading to delinquent acting of individuals and main features of unlawful acts committed by the youth. Further there are summarised data from official statistics. Third chapter is focused on still actual topic of legal liability of the juvenile, especially on setting age limit of legal liability and intellectual and moral maturity and with this...

The topic of my Master's degree thesis is "The issue of criminal juvenile justice". It is focused on the area of unlawful acts of youth and children under fifteen years old. I chosed this topic because of my interest in this area. The main focus of my thesis is juridical, and minor part is also devoted to criminal aspects. I focus mainly on the sanctions. Thesis is divided into seven chapters and further split into subsections. In the first chapter I describe basic facts of the youth criminal acts. I'm focusing mainly in the characteristic criminal conducts and behaviors. The following chapter is focused on Juvenile criminal justice and mainly Law No. 218/2003 Coll. It deal with the purpose of the law and the basic concepts. The third chapter describe the area of the legal accountability of youth people, it means the question of legal accountability and moral and intellectual maturity. It deals with issue of insanity and age limit for criminal accountability of youth. In the fourth chapter I have focused on the termination of criminal liability, active repentance and the Limitation of the law. The fifth chapter is focused on the analysis of measures and their deficiency. This chapter represents the core part of the thesis. In sixth chapter I deal with the question of specific forms of criminal...

Depuis les XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, le mineur est considéré comme un « adulte en devenir ayant des besoins propres ». Ainsi apparaît la notion de minorité. Cette notion influence la construction de la justice pénale des mineurs délinquants en appelant, à l'instar de droit commun, un ensemble de principes directeurs qui correspondent à la minorité et ont pour but la protection des mineurs. Cette justice se forme et fonctionne sur la base des principes directeurs. Ceux-ci constituent ainsi un bloc rationnel et font émerger une autonomie indépendante de la justice pénale des majeurs délinquants. Ces principes directeurs peuvent être classés en deux catégories, l’une relative à l’émergence de principes directeurs spécifiques et l’autre, aux aménagements des principes directeurs de droit commun. Nous pouvons classer les sources de ces principes directeurs en deux catégories. L’une concerne le droit international, l’autre, le droit interne. Pour la source internationale, nous pouvons évoquer la Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme et le Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques du 16 décembre 1966 (PIDCP) sans pour autant oublier la Convention internationale des droits de l'enfant du 26 janvier 1990 (CIDE). S’agissant de la source nationale, l’ordonnance du 2 février 1945 relative à l’enfance délinquante en constitue une, puisque la justice pénale des mineurs délinquants repose actuellement sur cette ordonnance. La jurisprudence du Conseil constitutionnel en constitue une autre source nationale / Since the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the minor is considered as an "adult-to-be with special needs". Thus appears the concept of minority. This concept influences the construction of criminal justice for juvenile delinquents by calling, like common law, a set of guiding principles that correspond to the minority and aim at the protection of minors. This justice is formed and functions on the basis of guiding principles. These thus constitute a rational block and bring out an autonomy independent of the criminal justice of the major delinquents. These guiding principles can be divided into two categories, one relating to the emergence of specific guiding principles and the other to the development of the common law guiding principles. We can classify the sources of these guiding principles into two categories. One concerns international law, the other domestic law. For the International source, we can evoke the Universal declaration of human rights and the International covenant on civil and political rights of December 16, 1966 without forgetting the International convention on the rights of the child of January 26 1990. With regard to the domestic source, the order of 2 February 1945 relating to juvenile delinquency is one, since the criminal justice of juvenile delinquents is currently based on this order. The case law of the Constitutional council is another domestic source

Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2018-08-16T13:47:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Lélia Moreira Borges - 2017.pdf: 1967491 bytes, checksum: 0c533712e13300a3711e215ad48229a5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-08-17T11:20:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Lélia Moreira Borges - 2017.pdf: 1967491 bytes, checksum: 0c533712e13300a3711e215ad48229a5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T11:20:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Lélia Moreira Borges - 2017.pdf: 1967491 bytes, checksum: 0c533712e13300a3711e215ad48229a5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation had as its objective verify whether the adolescents submitted to the institutionalization measures in Goiânia, Goiás – Brazil, were guaranteed their right to the adversarial principle and full defense in their trials. The empirical field of this investigation consisted of the analysis of cases filed between the periods of 2014 to 2016, and the observation of hearings carried out in the infractions court of Child and Youth Court of Goiânia, GO and interviews with public defenders. The Federal Constitution of 1988, the Child and Adolescent Statute, Criminal Code, Criminal Procedure and Civil Procedure Codes were used as the main legal references for this study. As theoretical support, Emílio G. Mendez, Pierre Bourdieu and Loïc Wacquant were also used. These references were useful in the understanding of the infraction persecution dynamics operationalized by the security and justice system of the State. As well as that, the understanding of the socio-juridical paradigm in force at each moment of history that justified the penalization of children and adolescents; the concept of field as a social space in competition, subject to internal disputes hierarchically established by the monopoly of the significance of such space, and the intensification of punitive actions by the State allow the perception of the permanence of the irregular situation paradigm in the professionals’ performances and judicial decisions. Decisions marked by inequality between institutions that operate in the juvenile criminal justice system, facing the recent entry of the public defense counsel, not yet totally structured, in the game of signification and legitimation of a trial that is preponderantly inquisitive. It brings loss to the exercise of full defense of the adolescents accused of acts of infraction. Evidence of a mismatch is noticed between the advances in the children’s and adolescents’ acquisition of rights and guarantees and the criminal control operationalized by the juvenile criminal justice system of Goiânia / GO. / Essa dissertação teve como objetivo verificar se os adolescentes submetidos à medida de internação em Goiânia/Goiás tiveram garantidos o direito ao contraditório e a ampla defesa nos seus julgamentos. O campo empírico desta investigação consistiu na análise de processos arquivados entre os períodos de 2014 a 2016, da observação de audiências realizadas na vara de atos infracionais do Juizado da Infância e Juventude de Goiânia/GO e de entrevistas aos defensores públicos. A Constituição Federal de 1988, Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, Códigos Penal, de Processo Penal e de Processo Civil foram referência para este estudo. Como suportes teóricos foram utilizados, entre outros, Emílio G. Mendez, Pierre Bourdieu e Loïc Wacquant. Esses referenciais serviram de suporte para entender os diferentes paradigmas jurídicos que justificaram a aplicação de penalização de crianças e adolescentes no decorrer da história apresentados por Mendez: nas considerações para uma sociologia do campo jurídico deixadas por Pierre Bourdieu sobre a força do direito, enquanto instrumento de poder da reprodução social e, nas discussões apresentas por Wacquant acerca do controle social e do estado punitivo. Permitindo assim, perceber a permanência do paradigma da situação irregular na atuação dos profissionais e nas decisões judiciais; a desigualdade entre instituições que atuam no sistema de justiça penal juvenil, dada a recente entrada da Defensoria Pública ainda não totalmente estruturada, no jogo da significação e legitimação de um julgamento preponderantemente inquisitivo, ocasionando com isso, prejuízo ao exercício pleno da defesa dos(as) adolescentes acusados(as) de atos infracionais. Evidenciando um descompasso entre os avanços na conquista de direitos e garantias das crianças e adolescentes e o controle social operacionalizado pelo sistema de justiça penal juvenil de Goiânia/GO.

La problématique soulevée par la délinquance juvénile, loin de se limiter au pré-carré des professionnels du droit, s’est imposée en véritable débat de société. Cet engouement est le fruit de l’évolution de la délinquance des mineurs, qui a tendance à croître, impliquant des auteurs plus jeunes.En réponse à ce phénomène, le législateur a opéré un tournant sécuritaire en 2002, marquant le point de départ du durcissement des dispositions relatives aux mineurs délinquants, notamment celles applicables à ceux âgés de seize à dix-huit ans. Il en découle un rapprochement du droit pénal des mineurs de celui des majeurs, malgré l’affirmation, la même année, par le Conseil constitutionnel d’un principe fondamental reconnu par les lois de la république qui consacre la spécificité du droit pénal des mineurs. Toutefois, il convient de s’interroger sur la portée de ce rapprochement textuel, qui est peu, voire pas mis en œuvre en pratique. Cette question se pose avec d’autant plus d’acuité depuis le changement de politique pénale impulsé en 2012 par le nouveau garde des Sceaux, qui est d’ailleurs à l’initiative d’un projet de réforme de l’ordonnance de 1945, qui entend réaffirmer la primauté de l’éducatif sur le répressif / Juvenile delinquency problem, far from being the sole issue of law professionals, has become a widely debated topic throughout the entire society. Such interest in the issue takes its roots in the delinquency's evolution, broadly on the rise, with ever younger criminals. Given the phenomenon, the lawmaker has moved towards a harsher approach in 2002, and the various laws have been toughening since then, especially those concerning young people aged between 16 and 18 year old. The consequence is that the body of law applicable to young people looks increasingly similar to that one applicable to adults, despite the solemn statement issued by the Constitutional Council the same year. This statement explains that there is a ground principle deduced from the laws of the Republic, recognizing the specificity of juvenile delinquency laws. It is however interesting to reflect on the true scope of this formal closening, which seems to happen to little or no avail. The issue is even more relevant with the changes in the criminal justice approach advocated by the new secretary of Justice since 2012, who is currently initiating a reform on the body of law applicable to young people, aiming at favoring education over repression