Muitas plantas apresentam crescimento indeterminado e são capazes de produzir novos órgãos e tecidos ao longo de todo seu ciclo de vida. Essa capacidade é devida parcialmente à expressão altamente regulada de genes específicos, tais como os genes SQUAMOSA Promoter-Binding Protein-Like (SPLs). SPLs codificam fatores de transcrição específicos de plantas que desempenham papéis importantes em diferentes aspectos do desenvolvimento, tais como mudança de fase juvenil-adulto, definição da arquitetura da planta e amadurecimento do fruto. A maioria dos genes SPLs são pós-transcricionalmente regulados pelo microRNA (miRNA) miR156. Apesar de alguns aspectos regulados pelas SPLs serem bem estudados, suas funções moleculares durante o desenvolvimento do fruto são pouco compreendidas. Neste trabalho, nós geramos 22 eventos transgênicos de Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom (MT) superexpressando o precursor AtMIR156b. Plantas transgênicas exibiram morfologia foliar e floral anormal além de alteração na arquitetura vegetal. Interessantemente, a maioria dos eventos apresentou frutos de crescimento indeterminado, os quais não apresentam sementes sendo caracterizados pelo crescimento de frutos secundários além da presença de estruturas vegetativas e meristemas florais ectópicos. Fazendo uso da técnica de RT-qPCR, nós encontramos uma robusta correlação entre expressão do miR156 e o fenótipo dos frutos, sugerindo que esta rota regula o desenvolvimento e determinação do fruto de tomateiro. O mutante de tomateiro Mouse ears (Me) apresenta um fraco nível de indeterminação no fruto, sendo que os níveis do transcrito miR156 maduro são maiores no fruto mutante quando comparado aos controles MT, mas significativamente menores que nos frutos transgênicos. Oito SPLs de tomateiro foram silenciadas em diferentes níveis em frutos de diferentes eventos transgênicos e no mutante Me. O fator de transcrição do tipo MADS-box MACROCALYX (MC), o qual é ortólogo ao gene APETALA1 (AP1) de arabidopsis (alvo direto in vivo da proteína SPL3), afeta a determinação da inflorescência e o desenvolvimento das sépalas. A expressão de MC foi severamente reduzida nos frutos dos eventos transgênicos, mas não no mutante Me. Este dado sugere que a desregulação da expressão de MC deve ser responsável pelo forte fenótipo de indeterminação do fruto observados nos eventos transgênicos. Tomados em conjunto, nossos dados sugerem uma nova função para a via genética mir156/SPL na regulação do desenvolvimento e determinação de frutos carnosos, provavelmente através da regulação da expressão de MC. / Many plants have indeterminate growth and are capable of producing new organs and tissues throughout their life. This capability is partially due to the highly regulated expression of specific genes such as SQUAMOSA Promoter-Binding Protein-Like (SPL) genes. SPLs encode plant-specific transcription factors that play important roles in development, such as phase transition, plant architecture, and fruit ripening. Most SPL genes are post-transcriptionally regulated by the microRNA (miRNA) miR156. Although some developmental aspects regulated by SPLs have been well studied, their molecular roles during fruit development are poorly understood. In this work, we generated 22 transgenic events of Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom (MT) overexpressing AtMIR156b precursor. Transgenic plants exhibit abnormal leaf and flower morphology and altered vegetative architecture. Interestingly, most events display navel-like fruits that are seedless and characterized by the growth of secondary fruits and present leaf-like structures as well as ectopic flowering meristems. By using RT-qPCR, we found a robust correlation between miR156/SPL expression and the fruit phenotype, suggesting that this pathway regulates tomato fruit development and determinacy. The tomato mutant Mouse ears (Me) displays a weak level of fruit indeterminacy. Levels of mature miR156 transcripts are higher in fruits from the mutant as comparing to MT fruits, but significantly lower than in transgenic fruits. Eight tomato SPLs were downregulated at variable levels in fruits from distinct transgenic events and Me plants. The MADS-type of transcription factor Macrocalyx (MC) gene is an orthologue of Arabidopsis AP1 (a direct in vivo target of SPL3) and affects tomato inflorescence determinacy and sepal development. MC was severely downregulated in fruits from transgenics but not in fruits from Me mutant. This data suggests that the MC misregulation may lead to the strong fruit indeterminacy phenotype observed in the transgenic events. Taken together, our data suggest a new function for miR156/SPL pathway in regulating fruit development and determinacy likely through the regulation of MC expression.

In May 2016 Bear Family Records will release its third of three boxed sets documenting the three commercial location recording sessions conducted in east Tennessee during the years 1927-1930. Each of the three sessions was held in a different city by a different record company, and each was unique in terms of the specific musicians and types of music recorded; the three sessions had in common the fact that they were all conducted in east Tennessee and that they ultimately documented a broad range of the musical sounds, styles, and repertoire of Appalachia. More

The focus of this thesis is on cultural translation as a means of understanding the relationship between sociocultural identity with respect to bourgeois white female sexuality and interpretations by news journalists, writers and filmmakers. The thesis brings translation scholar Lawrence Venuti’s description of foreign and domestic texts (2008) into conversation with Catherine Cole’s analysis of journalists as active interpreters of newsworthy events (2010) to support my view of the media as a translator of sociocultural identity. The thesis outlines the construction of bourgeois white femininity within the U.S. imaginary and a more detailed account of its direct impact upon journalistic production and reception. I accomplish this by analyzing the media treatment of two white females accused of murder whose criminal cases were brought into the public eye: Aileen Wuornos and Amanda Knox. I examine sociocultural expectations within the United States, as reflected in journalistic accounts, regarding appropriate ‘performances’ of bourgeois white femininity. Referring to the construction of bourgeois white femininity as a performative framework, I track its fabrication in media headlines, televised reports and articles of the Wuornos and Knox cases from sources like The New Yorker, Time, CNN and Fox News. My aim is to discover the different ideations, or translations, of this performative framework in written journalism and consider the repercussions of deviating from social expectations of bourgeois white womanhood. I then examine documentaries and televised interviews of Wuornos and Knox (from the Discovery Channel, ABC News, Netflix and other sources) where the same performative framework appears within their cinematic depictions. My findings regarding the journalistic translations of bourgeois white femininity reveal a particular form of weaponization of the news media in U.S. society with respect to white women. I extend my discussion to a review of the 2016 presidential election and Democratic party candidate Hillary Rodham Clinton’s own vexing position within the news media as a bourgeois white woman who, throughout the campaign, was accused of criminal activity. By scrutinizing the proliferation of this particular performative framework by the media, I press for more reflective and unbiased journalistic coverage of women in the future.

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The decades before the Scottish Reformation Parliament of 1560 witnessed the unprecedented use of a range of different media to disseminate the Protestant message and to shape beliefs and attitudes. By placing these works within their historical context, this thesis explores the ways in which various media – academic discourse, courtly entertainments, printed poetry, public performances, preaching and pedagogical tools – were employed by evangelical and Protestant reformers to persuade and/or educate different audiences within sixteenth-century Scottish society. The thematic approach examines not only how the reformist message was packaged, but how the movement itself and its persuasive agenda developed, revealing the ways in which it appealed to ever broader circles of Scottish society. In their efforts to bring about religious change, the reformers capitalised on a number of traditional media, while using different media to address different audiences. Hoping to initiate reform from within Church institutions, the reformers first addressed their appeals to the kingdom's educated elite. When their attempts at reasoned academic discourse met with resistance, they turned their attention to the monarch, James V, and the royal court. Reformers within the court utilised courtly entertainments intended to amuse the royal circle and to influence the young king to oversee the reformation of religion within his realm. When, following James's untimely death in 1542, the throne passed to his infant daughter, the reformers took advantage of the period of uncertainty that accompanied the minority. Through the relatively new technology of print, David Lindsay's poetry and English propaganda presented the reformist message to audiences beyond the kingdom's elite. Lindsay and other reformers also exploited the oral media of religious theatre in public spaces, while preaching was one of the most theologically significant, though under-researched, means of disseminating the reformist message. In addition to works intended to convert, the reformers also recognised the need for literature to edify the already converted. To this end, they produced pedagogical tools for use in individual and group devotions. Through the examination of these various media of persuasion, this study contributes to our understanding of the means by which reformed ideas were disseminated in Scotland, as well as the development of the reformist movement before 1560.