Abstract With the growing trend of urbanization in the world, subjects of the sustainable urban development keep gaining increasing attentions, and researches about indicators of the sustainable urban development also become conspicuous discussions. Nevertheless, recent decades there were still fewer researches referring to construct indicators of sustainable urban development applying the concept of single city. On the important dimensions of discussing sustainable urban development, we should emphasize both on whether a city grows towards the sustainable trend and monitoring the development process of a city. Decision authority, monitoring the situations of the sustainable urban development, should design the indicator groups of a city in accordance with its particular historical background, geographical conditions, character of existing pattern, and topics people concerned. The analysis framework of this research broadly includes the aspects as follow¡G the natural environment of urban hardware, and the socio-economy and culture of urban software. An empirical study of Kaohsiung City was performed to illustrate the analysis procedures of the entire research process. Recognizing the growing environmental damage and population density increase in Kaohsiung city, actually decision authority need to outline the guidance of strategies or decisions with regard to monitoring the indicators of sustainable development. Using a case study of Kaohsiung, we adopt the indicator groups of measuring urban sustainability in¡§An Assessment System for Sustainable Taiwan¡¨as foundation , expect developing sustainable development indicators for Kaohsiung¡¦s version. Referring to noted assessment systems for sustainable city, this paper established an initial assessment system for sustainable urban indicators dividing into four aspects as follow: product, living, survival, ecology, with regard to aggregating environmental, economic, social, cultural discussions, and et al. Through a survey of expert questionnaire in Delphi method, this paper compiles the recognition and opinions from the experts of different background and the officials of government department, then modifies 31 suitable indicator items to assess Kaohsiung¡¦s sustainability. Tracking whether a city developed towards sustainability to provide references for government¡¦s policy making in the future, we employ statistic numeral data government published from year 1996 to year 2001 for time-series analysis and examine the results of constructing a sustainable city on developmental expense government offered in Kaohsiung city. The goal of this research is through suitability evaluating of an assessment system for sustainable indicators to develop an indicator system with place characteristics according to telling the developmental setting and monitored dimension of a city easier and clearer, and finally fitting the input of substance expense from government for constructing a sustainable city.

Administrative appeal, as a critical part of the administrative remedy system, refers to a civil remedy action against any illegal or improper administrative act implemented by all levels of government, as well as any passive act that hinders fulfillment of their obligations. Administrative appeal is a basic right of citizens in a democratic country under the rule of law. Through the appeal procedures, regulations may remain accurate and adequate, and legalization of administrative measures may be ensured. In recent years, due to the rapid boom in commercial activities and advancement of technology, the social structure has drastically changed, and the amount of public affairs concerning economy, society, labor, transportation, and environmental pollution has gradually increased, resulting in a closer and more complicate relationship between government and people. As administrative actions by the government occur more frequently, it becomes difficult to ensure that every action is legal or proper. Furthermore, with higher levels of education and increased awareness of their rights, most citizens understand how to follow legal procedures to seek remedies when they refuse to accept the administrative acts implemented by government agencies. Hence, a solid administrative remedy system and its enforcement are essential to democratic countries under the rule of law. This study targets the administrative appeal cases filed to Kaohsiung City Government, and explores the influence of relevant regulations and procedures for administrative appeals on appeal practice following the enforcement of the new Administrative Appeal Act. It also discusses the increase and distribution of administrative appeal cases, as well as the reasons for administrative litigations, in order to make comparisons with the appeal conditions in Taipei City Government. It aims to understand the actual situations concerning appeal practice and the difficulties that appellants may encounter, draw up a corresponding improvement plan, and provide suggestions on policy adjustment and regulation revision, in the hope of eliminating the source of disputes and maximizing the function of policy feedback. This study consists of seven chapters, including: foreword, introduction to the administrative appeal system in Taiwan, administrative appeal procedures, Comprehensive analysis of administrative appeal cases filed to Kaohsiung City Government and its business, as well as the review and analysis of concrete administrative appeals filed to Kaohsiung City Government, concrete implementation plans for improving administrative appeal business, and conclusions and suggestions. It is hoped that the findings can help effectively resolve all of the problems exist in appeal practice, enhance the quality and accuracy of appeal case processing, refine administrative appeal business performance, and safeguard legitimate interests of appellants.

Over the past decade¡A Kaohsiung City Government showed immense concern about the development of tourism¡Aactive in the large-scale tourist activities, such as a Love- River Lantern Festival¡BWannian festival etc. According to the studies of the non-governmental tourism organizations, showed that those activities didn¡¦t attract the crowd in the proceeds. The major problems pointed to lack of a dedicated agency resources for the Tourism Bureau to integration in Kaohsiung City and also a long-term vision for the tourism policy. Tourist groups are asking for the establishment of the Kaohsiung City Government Tourism Bureau which may create a better tourism policy for the development. What are benefits of the tourism industry? World Travel & Tourism Council concluded three functions, including to the activating of industry's economy, the development of the tourism and the employment opportunities. Being the Asia¡¦s second-largest tourist attraction was the remarkable achievement of the Hong Kong tourism in 2004. Tourism revenues more than NT:360 billion, as well as a whole accounted for 12.4 percent of GDP for Hong Kong. Although Hong Kong is a habor city, it develops a large-scale tourism. Hong Kong Tourism Board , the establishment of a national-level institutions, promotes the tourist industry to the global. On the other hand, the Goverment established the Department of Tourism which is responsible for the internal integration of tourism resources. The government and quasi-government partnership model plays an important role in the Hong Kong¡¦s Tourism industry. The operation of The Dual Organizations has the advantiage of the tourism development. Tourism in Hong Kong made an example of success, It¡¦s fit for Kaohsiung City to study.

This paper is aimed at exploring the theory and process about electoral marketing of political partys, candidates in multimember distric and SNTV system in Taiwan. First, we discuss the features under multimember distric and SNTV system in Taiwan and also try to analyze the theory for electoral marketing which consists of theories about marketing, political commmunication and electoral strategies to offer a basic theory for electoral marketing of political partys and candidates in this paper. In addition, we also construct a research framework for electoral marketing of political partys, candidates in multimember distric and SNTV system in Taiwan by exploring the features under multimember distric and SNTV system in Taiwan and the theory for electoral marketing in this paper. .Second, we also use the observational method, the interview method and the research framework for electoral marketing of political partys, candidates in multimember distric and SNTV system in Taiwan to analyze the electoral marketing of the TSU party and its candidate in the north district in Kaohsiung city for the 2004 legislator election in this paper. Finally, the candidate in this case successes to get the seat for the 2004 legislator election, and the winning key is his electoral marketing. The strategies for his electoral marketing in the first period and the second period are emphasized his personality, profession and the TSU party. The strategies for his electoral marketing in the third period and the final period are emphasized the coordination with the DPP and allocation of votes. By analyzing the theory and the case, we can find a basic framework for electoral marketing of political partys, candidates in multimember distric and SNTV system in Taiwan and it could be possible to win a seat by working with political partys and making a theme for electoral marketing to emphasize the personality and profession of candidates, or to operate ¡§allocation of votes¡¨, including the coordination among political partys and candidates. To sum up, the electoral marketing of political partys, candidates in multimember distric and SNTV system is a process, including political partys, candidates, professinal work-teams, strategies and campaigns for electoral marketing, and voters. It also can show a process for political communication in which political partys, candidates and work-teams may use strategies and campaigns for electoral marketing to address political information to voters and correct strategies and campaigns for electoral marketing from voter¡¦s feedback. In this way, political partys, candidates can give voters what they want and success to win a seat. At the same time, we also can offer new ideas for researching the behavior of political partys and candidates, the campaigns of political elite in Kaohsiung city and developing the research for elections in Taiwan in this paper.

Most of the previous research focused on the increasing number of out-dining population; seldom concerned the lived meaning of out-dining for those who have to do so. The current research explored the out-dining phenomenon in Taiwan and examined the feelings regarding out-dining in the minds of Kaohsiung citizens. The current research applied both quantitative and qualitative research methods. To understand the basic ideas and investigate their experiences and feelings of out-dining, the researcher interviewed six subjects. In the stage of quantitative method, three meal-buffet stores were observed for three days, each and individually, where 241 respondents were acquired for brief questionnaires at the same time. The current research shifted out six dimensions of the lived meanings for out-dining: enjoyment, efficiency, powerless, expenditure, non-home, and out-of-home by demographic variables. Differences in the dimensions were scrutinized as well as by the data collected.

本研究主要目的在釐清教師專業自主權於教育法令層面之權責界線、暸解高雄市立國民中學教師專業自主權運用的現況、探討高雄市立國民中學教師專業自主權發揮的程度、分析不同背景因素的高雄市立國民中學教師於各專業自主權層面指標發揮程度的差異，最後依據研究結果，對提升高雄市立國民中學教師專業自主權的策略提出具體建議，供有關單位參考。本研究以2004學年度高雄市立國民中學現職合格教師為研究對象，並以對該學年度高雄市立25所國民中學、776名有加入教師會之現職合格教師進行問卷資料分析；另輔以訪談（共計6人）的方式了教師對自身專業自主權行使的理念、意見與建議。在資料分析上，主要採用描述性統計分析、獨立樣本t考驗分析、單因子變異數分析等方法。經研究結果與分析發現： 一、我國教育法規以保障教師課堂教學專業自主權為核心。 二、整體言，高雄市立國民中學教師的專業自主權達中等發揮程度，其中以「教師課堂教學專業自主權」的發揮度最高、「教師專業組織自主權」與「教師學校行政自主權」分別次之 三、高雄市立國民中學教師就「課堂教學專業自主權」具高等與中等專業自主度；「學校行政專業自主權」、「教師專業組織自主權」皆屬中等專業自主度。 四、高雄市立國民中學教師專業自主權整體面平均得分為男性教師顯著高於女性教師、兼主任職教師顯著高於非主任職者、有參與法定學校層級組織教師顯著高於未參加者、服務於小型學校教師顯著高於服務中大型學校者、年資26年以上教師顯著高於年資5年、11-15年者。 五、促進教師專業自主權之基本策略為穩固教師課堂教學專業地位、提昇教師組織專業形象、打造校園參與式決策文化、完備教師專業培育制度。 研究者根據文獻探討與研究結果發現，提出下列幾點建議： 一、健全與落實尊重教師專業自主權之法令體制。 二、教師應認清「專業」與「自主權」兩者相輔相成，瞭解自主須以責任為基礎。 三、規劃教學、法制與行政專業知能研習以達高教師專業自主權目標。 四、營造學校優質溝通管道，提高教師參與權能感。 五、鼓勵女性教師投入學校行政工作。 六、教師專業組織以發揮組織專業正向功能為目標。 七、教育行政機關應於教育內部事務扮演「法律監督與協助」角色。 八、建立教師專業評鑑機制以落實教師專業權力與效能。 九、針對研究主題、研究對象、研究變項與研究方法提出建議，作為後續相關主題研究之參考。 / The purposes of this study mainly confirm the right and duty to teacher professional autonomy in educational laws, understand the actual condition and explore the level of Kaohsiung city public junior high school teacher professional autonomy, and analyze different dimensions’ levels of Kaohsiung city public junior high school teacher professional autonomy from the view of teacher s’ different backgrounds. Finally, according to the study result, the writer gives some concrete advice to promote the city’s teacher professional autonomy for the department of educational administration for reference. The survey subjects included teachers from 25 public junior high school in Kaohsiung city in 2004 year, namely 776 qualified teachers who joint teacher professional unions were sampled copies of the questionnaire to be the investigation. And interviewing with 6 junior high school teachers is used to understand teachers’ opinions about professional autonomy. About the data analysis, the study use Frequency Distribution, T-test , One-way ANOVA, and Scheffé Method . The results of the study are as follows： A. The dimension of teaching professional autonomy is the key idea that Taiwan educational laws empower teachers. B. As far as the whole Kaohsiung city public junior high School teachers’ professional autonomy is concerned , it is middle level. The dimension of “ right and power to teacher teaching” gets the most high scores; the dimensions of “ power to teacher professional union” and “the power to school administrative autonomy” get lower scores separately in order. C. As far as the dimension of Kaohsiung city public junior high School teachers teaching professional autonomy is concerned, it achieves high and middle level; the dimensions of “the power to school administrative autonomy” and “teacher professional union” achieve middle level. D. From the viewpoint of whole average, male teachers’ average scores are higher than females’；teachers who hold a administrative staff, participate school-level organizations, serve in small size schools and work more than 26 years get higher scores than others who don’t hold the job , participate the ones, serve in middle and big size schools and work less than 5 years and 11-15 years. E. The basic strategies to facilitate teacher professional autonomy are to stable teacher’s professional status in teaching, promote the professional image of teacher unions, cultivate the school culture of participant-determining and establish good institution of teacher professional nurture. According to the literature and study result, following suggestions are offered： A. Continue to improve the established education law about the right and power to teacher professional autonomy. B. Understand “profession” and “autonomy” are to complement each other. And autonomy should take responsibility for basis . C. Design a series of programs about facilitating teachers’ professional knowledge in teaching, law and school administrative affairs to achieve high level of teacher professional autonomy. D. Create excellent communicative ways at school to promote teacher empowerment. E.Encourage female teachers to devote themselves to school administrative affairs. F.Teacher professional unions should take the role of developing positive function. G.The department of educational administration should play the law- supervising and law-helping role. H.Build teachers professional evaluation system to help teacher promote professional power and effectiveness. I.Base upon the results mentioned above, several suggestions about the study trends are made to further reference.