Village secretaries (VSs) are civil servants designated by the government to fulfill services at the basic-level administration unit- district office. As a bridge between the government and public, VSs assist village directors to set administrative affairs of their villages/neighborhoods into action. However, whether the administrative operation is successful or not has much to do with the achievements of VSs, because they contact the most frequently with the public as the executive staff at the front line. Along with the transition of social environment, the increased extent of urbanization and the advance of information technology, the role and function of village secretary should be reinforced simultaneously to meet actual demands. This study investigates the role recognition, role expectation and role fulfillment of village secretary and related problems confronted by VSs in actual situations. Methodologies utilized in this study include institution investigation, literature review, and profundity interview. Conclusions and recommendations drawn from this study based on the integrated pointview of theory and practical run are expected to be useful for strengthening the function of village secretary, improving the quality of civil services and reaching further toward the goal of government reform. This thesis is comprised of six chapters. Statements pertaining to research objective, research subject and problem, theoretical basis and literature review, and research design and methodology are presented in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 discusses the understanding of organizational position of village by investigating the institutional transition of village/neighborhood. Chapter 3 discusses the role consciousness of village secretary. Chapter 4 describes the role expectation and functional operation of village secretary in details. Chapter 5 discussed the role fulfillment of village secretary and related problems confronted by VSs in actual situations. The last chapter, Chapter 6, summarizes the research findings and recommendations learnt from this study. Main findings of this study are summarized as follows: 1. As a communication bridge between the government and public, VSs did a good job on fulfilling the duty of servicing the people. 2. Contents of the duty and in-charge affairs of village secretary are excessively many and messy. The related standard operating procedure is not well established and unsuitable to meet actual need. 3. To effectively integrate and utilize the non-governmental resources, the public is encouraged to actively involve in solving public affairs within one¡¦s village/neighborhood. 4. To upgrade to have the efficiency concept of e-government, VSs need to take in-service training courses for improving their ability to use computer and information technology. 5. The duty and in-charge affairs of both village director and village secretary are highly overlapped, thus resulting in a phenomenon that one specific task was undertaken by two discordant persons simultaneously. 6. Due to the low post grade and limited personnel quota, the promotion channel of VSs is really narrow, thereby depressing the working morale of VSs tremendously. Recommendations from this study are summarized as follows: 1. The work items of VSs need to be flexibly adjusted and simplified. Related work scope should be demarcated as clear as possible. 2. It is recommended to upgrade the post grade of village secretary for purposes of inspiring their working morale, letting them embody themselves and keeping them enjoy in job.

A Study of Current Operation of Resource Rooms of Public Elementary Schools in Kaohsiung Abstract The aim of this study is to explore the achievement of current operation of resource rooms of public elementary schools in Kaohsiung city, and the impact of education reform by Ministry of Education in Taiwan on resource rooms. A total of 20 teachers from unclassified resource rooms in 20 schools respectively were interviewed through six types of unsturctrued questions. The results of interview indicate 1) a majority of these 20 teachers are females under 40 with bachelor degrees, who were either graduated from departments of special education in Teachers¡¦ College or had received non degree programs of special education, 2) methods or the courses adopted for those who need special education were basically supportive with 4-6 hours a week of regular extra-course in resource rooms. Final grades of students¡¦ performance were a compromise among teachers of both general classrooms and resource rooms, 3) improvement of students¡¦ learning and behavior is the advantage of the resource rooms, while the possible labeling effect is the disadvantage, 4) difficulties or limitations lie in the enrollment of unclassified handicap students and in the extra work load on the teachers of recourse rooms, 5) promotion of resource rooms is based on suggestions from students¡¦ parents, teachers, as well as guidelines of education reform by Ministry of Education in Taiwan, and 6) teachers of resource rooms believed that education reform careated more impact on the learning of resource room students in general classes than on course operation in resource rooms. Key words: Resource room of public elementary school, Kaohsiung city

Taiwan is a typical country of island which locates at the shipping center of northeast & southeast Asia. The economic circle constituted by its relevant ocean shipping routes reveals its importance of sea transportation and trade location. With the natural condition, the advantageous Taiwanese coastal line lasts for around 1500 kilometers, the island currently has international ports such as Keelung, Taichung, Kaohsiung, Hualien, etc; in addition, there are also supplementary ports such as Taipei, Anping and Suao. The export economic trade from the port is the main economic lifeblood in Taiwan as the large overseas trade relies heavily on sea transportation. Kaohsiung city is a province as Port of Kaohsiung is the largest one in the country which plays a decisive role of the throughput in the world. The research starts from the marine capital ¡V Kaohsiung. The integrated plan and construction of port and city, development of economy & trade and cultural tourism, relevant regulation and the advancement of strategic direction and other factors all influence the change of greater economic environment in the country, which also exhibits the crucial role of the marine capital. The port-city integration and the transformation of container port organization of the marine capital have become the public focus of the society; President Chen Shui-bian declared the thorough implementation of the policy and concept of port-city integration dated 5th of Aug. 2000, which indicated the mutual participation of municipal works and plan, construction, management and operation of commercial port of the government and local administration. In the aspect of concrete action, Ministry of Transportation and Communications, R.O.C. will establish shipping administration bureau, set branches in each port and reform Maritime Administration into special public incorporated administration. The task of port-city integration of Kaohsiung city was transferred and consigned to Management Committee of Port of Kaohsiung for advancement and management from the 19th of May 2001, which is a big step forward of the management of port-city integration. Kaohsiung city government and Maritime Administration had substantial interaction in the aspects of transportation, tourism, culture and many constructions during the period of time, in addition, the 13th Kaohsiung Military Port was transferred to Kaohsiung city government dated 30th of Oct. 2005 and now has become one of the tourist scenic spot, which is an indication of the expected port-city integration. For further advancement of marine capital, heading to port-city integration, future perspective of the plan for municipal works and international competitiveness, the research will collect and organize relevant construction, plan and literature of Port of Kaohsiung and discuss the current condition and current implementation condition of Kaohsiung city and the geographical environment of the port area. The following discussion is made at the relevant problems between 4 major international ports in Taiwan and the international area, as the further synthesized analysis is carried out for the discussion of the operation strategy and development of Kaohsiung port-city integration in the hope to achieve the ideal of marine capital as soon as possible.

The randomly sampled subjects in this study are elementary school English teachers from Kaohsiung city, Kaohsiung and Ping-Tung counties. The study was designated into a questionnaire survey with the aim to investigate elementary school English teachers¡¦ attitudes and consideration factors toward the integrative use of games and their English-teaching practices. 302 subjects were randomly selected, data were analyzed through several statistical measures, such as item analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, stepwise multiple regression. It is hoped to promote more active, motivating and inspiring teaching in English instruction. According to the analyses of the questionnaire, several major findings are as follows¡G 1. Most elementary school English teachers agreed that integrative use of games in the English-teaching did not necessarily promote their students¡¦ learning achievement. 2. Elementary school English teachers used games in English class at least once per week. 3. The least used teaching aid for Elementary school English teachers was building blocks. 4. Elementary school English teachers used to attend the workshops that were sponsored by the schools and publishers were more likely using games in their English-teaching; while those who attended workshops sponsored by University¡¦s English departments less likely used games in their teaching. 5. English teacher, English teaching experience in the elementary school is over 16 years, teaching over 21 English instructional sessions per week, Elementary school English teachers joined the institutions that held the workshops on games by ¡§elementary schools¡¨, spent much time using games in their English teaching. 6. English teachers¡¦ attitudes and consideration factors toward the integrative use of games showed little correlation with their actual practices in English-teaching. Finally, based upon the above findings, the researcher provided several suggestions for teachers, elementary schools and future researchers who might be interested in this topic.

Playing an active supporting role in the development of film and TV industry is becoming an innovative city marketing strategy adopted by local governments in Taiwan recent years. The performance of a film and the outcome of city marketing policy involve a myriad of factors, and there lacks systemic indicators for local governments to evaluate the effect of city marketing through films and TV grams. This study, by exploring the cases of Kaohsiung City Government¡¦s efforts in supporting the development of film and TV industry, attempts to shed light on the strategic thinking in city marketing where ¡§public sector¡¨ is the main body, ¡§local¡¨ is the focus of marketing, and ¡§developing film and TV industry¡¨ is the methodology. This study employs the case study methodology, using the audiovisual policy of Kaohsiung City Government for case study. Through literature review and examination of theories on city marketing, this study sums up indicators and success factors mentioned in the literature to develop operational definitions for the film and TV industry and establish preliminary evaluation indicators. Furthermore, the study seeks out a representative panel of experts and uses the ¡§modified Delphi methodology¡¨ to obtain judgments and feedbacks for the indicators to render the construction of indicators more emblematic. Through questionnaire survey of 20 experts from the film and TV industry, academia, media, interested parties and public sector, this study constructs 38 evaluation indicators in five aspects, which are ¡§long-term goal oriented and using local resources¡¨, ¡§strengthening executive team and building local consensus¡¨, ¡§enhancing policy consensus and consolidating local resources¡¨, ¡§strengthening the contents of film or TV works with award-winning potential and stepping up international marketing¡¨ and ¡§establishing city brand and bringing in tourists¡¨, for city marketing through film and TV industry.

There are hundreds of millions of world citizens - tourists traveling in earth to do business or Sightseeing in today of E-generation. Tourist industry is now in widespread value by all the nations of the world as a no-smokestack industry, the service industry of fourth dimension, superstar enterprises of 21 century with technology enterprise and also could be a good way to earn money in international diplomacy. So, all nations of the world regard tourism as an important enterprise during depression situation in global. Tourism developing is a representation to show the entire development in a modern nation 20th-century Taiwan is an island of economic, trade and industry. 21st- century Taiwan will transfer to be a green silicon island of tourism and technology. But the development of tourist industry in past Taiwan could be described as ¡§birth defects and postnatal disorder.¡¨ No matter to develop international or domestic tourism in Taiwan was involved a lot of departments. Foreigners had many environmental limitations if they want to sightseeing in Taiwan, such as getting visa and air line are still have many problems existed. Besides, appreciation of the NT dollar also made prices of commodities in Taiwan higher than other countries and consequently, international price competitiveness was insufficient comparatively. Moreover, the level of Taiwan related construction in how to service tourists and internationalization of software design are also still insufficient. Therefore, when considering about the main shaft of future development in tourism should be set from the perspective of internationalization, diversification of tourist productions and head towards high quality. Then, it will reach the effect to pursue sightseeing attraction activities both at home and abroad. It will also bring the effect of both tangible and intangible into full play to let countrymen happy to have internal traveling and attract foreigners to Taiwan sightseeing. Kaohsiung has the potential and character to be an international transshipment center of Taiwan and even to be an international city of entertainment and tourism of whole Taiwan. However, if Taiwan wants to like a butterfly emerging from its chrysalis to out from international market with cutthroat competition and attract international tourists come to Taiwan, it is necessary that to improve the strategy and difference of tourist internationalization thoroughly. This article will discuss and find out the direction about the theory and bibliography of tourism internationalization. This research could undertake from 3 ways, discusses from the theory of tourism marketing, development analysis of Kaohsiung city tourist industry and research into evidential area to test and verify. It also hope to understand the issue and policy of Kaohsiung city tourist marketing from concept of tourist marketing, special regional industries of Kaohsiung city, character of nature landscape, Festival activities, artistic cultural atmosphere and city whole image¡K and also from the order and analysis those in-depth interview with representatives of the industrial, governmental, and academic sectors. Then, the next step is drafting the marketing strategy of Kaohsiung city tourism internationalization. The final step is specifying how to carry out, control strategy and action plan of Kaohsiung city tourism marketing internationalization.

The motive of this is to treat [The study on the correlation between the media exposure rate and the ways of interpellation of the representatives and their interactions with the press.---The case of The Kaohsiung City Council]¡CAccording to Yuon-Mau Chao(1988), through practicing the interpellation by the representatives, the city council is able to oversee and to check and balance the administrative department, to reveal the administration deficiency and abuse, make people understand the problems of the their township and reflect the opinions of the citizen; The interpellation is not just the right but also the obligation of the representatives, but not all the topics concerned by the representatives are favored by the press. Therefore, this thesis is to study how would the ways of interpellation of the representatives and their interaction with the press correlated with the media exposure rate¡D According to the historical documents of Kaohsiung City Council, After Taiwan was recovered from Japan, a bill named "the Plans for Establishing Representative Organizations at Different Levels" was implemented on December 26,1945 to carry out local autonomy. According to the promulgated regulations of "Organization Act of City People's Political Councils" and "Election Act of City Councilors", Kaohsiung City People's Political Council was founded on April 13, 1946. It was renamed as Kaohsiung City Council on January 11, 1951 and was subjected to Taiwan Provincial Assembly. On July 1, 1979, Kaohsiung City was elevated to a special municipality under the direct supervision of Executive Yuan and The City Council shifted to Kaohsiung City Provisional Council. On December 25, 1981, the councilors of the first term of the City Council of Kaohsiung special municipality were inaugurated¡CNowadays, the 7th term of the City Council of Kaohsiung has 44 councilors, including the KMT¡BPFT¡BDPP¡BTSU and NPA et al but they can be grouped into two main factions : the Blue faction(KMT¡BPFT) and the Green faction(DPP¡BTSU); No matter which faction the councilors are belonged to, most of them would strive for more government resources through official or nonofficial to be denoted to local constructions in order to consolidate his influence and votes¡D The councilors directly elected by the people are responsible for speaking for the people and have the right to canvass the bills and the budget for the city government¡CTherefore, the action of the councilor is going to affect some people, and become one of the resources of important news¡CBut not all representatives¡¦ speeches and actions are going to be favored by the press and gain a positive report, the correlation between the media exposure rate and the ways of interpellation of the representatives and their interaction with the press is the key theme of this research¡D This study takes the 7th term councilors of the City Council of Kaohsiung as the research population, and apply the [case study method] to study the correlations between the interpellation of the councilors in the parliament¡Bthe public hearing outside the parliament¡Bsymposium¡Bmediation council¡Bpress conference¡Bprotest led by the councilor et al and the councilors¡¦ interactions with the press and the media exposure rate. We hope to find out some valuable conclusions and concrete advises on the councilors shooting for media exposure and the presentations of the news by the reporters¡D

The constitution stipulates that it is required to establish public health institutions. Among all the public health institutions, public hospital, such as municipal hospital or hospital under Department of Health, Executive Yuan, is mostly closely associated with public health. However, comparing the salaries with other healthcare personnel working in the private sector, it is difficult to attract the top physicians into public hospitals. In order to keep the salaries in public and private sectors in balance, or at least minimize the gap, Department of Health Administration initiated the financial incentive program. There are four municipal hospitals in Kaohsiung City: Kaohsiung Municipal United Hospital, Kaohsiung Kai-Suan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung Municipal Min-Sheng Hospital and Kaohsiung Municipal Chinese Medical Hospital. Since these four hospitals make distinct profits, the amount of financial incentives the staff received are different. Municipal Hospital pays financial incentives in accordance with the laws and rules passed by the direct authority which is Department of Health, Kaohsiung City Government. In this article, we analyze Kaohsiung Municipal Hospital financial incentive program to discuss the content, defect, suggestions and opinions of the staff, real financial incentive fraud cases, applicable law analysis, and whether or not the program conforms to our current concept of administrative law. This article is divided into seven chapters: prologue, introduction of Kaohsiung Municipal Hospital financial incentive program, real fraud cases, analysis on financial incentive program survey, elaborate on the applicable laws, the financial incentive program and the administrative law concept, conclusion and suggestions. It is hoped to bring up some concrete ideas for improvement, to clarify the applicable laws, to reflect the actual opinions and suggestions of the staff toward financial incentive program, and eventually to perfect the program so it is legitimate under both constitution and laws.

A Study on the Feasibility of the Official Appointment of Sub-ward (Li) Chiefs ¡X A Case of Kaohsiung City The purpose of this study was to propose the results of the empirical investigation utilizing the SWOT analysis of the official appointment of sub-ward (Li) chiefs, which revealed the high feasibility of the official appointment. The data germane to this study were disposed through documentary analysis research along with questionnaire survey research and observation research. The subjects of this exploration were categorized into two major groups. One is the public surveyed by telephone resulting in 1017 successful samples; the other is the local officials surveyed by questionnaires including 463 sub-ward (Li) chiefs with a return rate of 74.3% (310), and 271 sub-ward (Li) clerks with a high return rate of 88.2% (239). The results of the survey reveal high credibility which can be seen in chapter three. The results of official appointment were depicted as follows: 1. The advantages of the official appointment: (a) downsizing the administrative organizations, simplifying the administrative procedures, and increasing the effectiveness; (b) slimming down the manpower and cutting down the spending; (c) improving the relationships between the sub-ward (Li) administrative organizations and the community development associations; (d) reducing the expenditures for election and rectifying the vicious election practices; and ; (e) promoting the administrative efficiency without violating democracy. 2. The disadvantages of the official appointment: (a) violating the principles of democracy; (b) violating the principles of local self-governing; (c) increasing the workload after merging the positions of sub-ward (Li) chiefs and clerks; (d) diminishing sub-ward (Li) chiefs¡¦ enthusiasm towards their work; and (e) lowering the functions of community development associations. 3. The reflection of the official appointment: (a) enhancing the local harmony; (b) incurring criticism from the self-benefiting of without-pay elected sub-ward (Li) chiefs¡¦; (c) requesting the government to examine the overlapping functions of sub-ward (Li) chiefs and clerks; and (d) the official appointment of township chiefs becomes the best paradigm of that of sub-ward (Li) chiefs. 4. The threat of the official appointment: (a) accumulating resentment; (b) damaging people¡¦s rights by failing to precisely respond to local situations. Finally, the findings and recommendations of this study were as follows: 1. The author suggests that the government should be more determined to reasonably adjust the boroughs for sub-ward (Li) and village chiefs¡¦ ¡§equal pay for equal work;¡¨ meanwhile, as the number of boroughs decreases, the resistance for official appointment could be reduced and the workload of appointed sub-ward (Li) chiefs would be more even as well. 2. Not only does the official appointment of township chiefs promote administrative efficiency and economizes enormous expenditures, but whose successful experience in reform can be the example for the reform of sub-ward (Li) and village offices. 3. It is believed that appointed sub-ward (Li) chiefs will perform better than elected sub-ward (Li) chiefs. Although there are no existing rules about disciplining elected sub-ward (Li) chiefs, appointed sub-ward (Li) chiefs will be subjected to administrative disciplinary measures or even removed from positions for not fulfilling their duty. Hence, it would be easier to carry out the official appointment of sub-ward (Li) chiefs if borough offices can strengthen sub-ward (Li) chiefs¡¦ functions of reflecting people¡¦s opinions before the cancellation of the sub-ward (Li) chief elections. Key Word¡GSub-ward (Li) Chiefs ¡Bthe Official Appointment of Sub-ward (Li) Chiefs ¡BKaohsiung City ¡Bsurvey research

As the situation of politics and economy becomes more and more unstable in Taiwan, people have higher criticism and expectation to government efficiency. However, both of Taipei Household Registration Office and Department of Health Kaohsiung City Government have successfully implemented many innovations in organization and started the initial change in less than 3 years. Thus, this research tries to analyze why and how innovations could be diffused efficiently in these two government organizations and started the change. This research collects abundant data and information through studying documents and many deep interviews at first. Then, these data or information are made a static analysis by Everett M. Rogers¡¦ theory of Diffusion of Innovations and Innovation Process in Organizations, and a dynamic analysis by Casual Loop Diagrams of Systmes Thinking. All analyses include the comparison of these two cases. There are 15 findings as followed: 1. Creating can bring better performance than problem-solving. 2. Characteristics of innovations and inertia of organization will affect the speed of innovations diffusion and the acceptability of innovations. 3. Both of innovations and organization will be modified to fit each other. 4. The leader is the most influent point for diffusion of innovations in bureaucracy. 5. The leader sets an example with his/her own conduct and starts change from small things can be helpful to diffusion of innovations. 6. The leader persistence of innovations is helpful to diffusion of innovations. 7. How the leader diffuses innovations is a process of dynamic coordination. 8. The leader is a designer of loops. 9. Different cases have similar key successful loops and key successful factors because they have the same structure of bureaucracy. 10. Structure can help and block leaders to diffuse and implement innovations in bureaucracy. 11. The innovation process in organization should be observed in a larger structure or system. 12. Reports of Media can motivate employees effectively and facilitate the phenomenon of ¡§lock-in¡¨. 13. Examination and evolution have much efficiency in changing employees¡¦ behaviors in bureaucracy. However, what can change employees¡¦ attitude often are others¡¦ appreciation, work results or leader¡¦s moral integrity. 14. Reports of Media, education training and visits can break the closed system of bureaucracy. This is helpful for diffusion of innovations in organization. 15. No matter the focal point of innovations is on easy and small things whose results are obvious, or on fundamental, long-term and more difficult things such as system and value change, ¡Ketc, all can result in profound changes in organizations. Moreover, this research also finds whether ¡§democratization¡¨, ¡§media¡¨, and ¡§bureaucracy¡¨ will bring good or bad contribution, these three things aren¡¦t the point and the most important thing is how we use them. We should take the responsibility by ourselves.