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De romaner som ligger till grund för analys i denna uppsats är Katarina Widholms Räkna hjärtslag (2021) och Katarina Wennstams Döda kvinnor förlåter inte (2023). Syftet med undersökningen är att se hur Widholm och Wennstam gestaltar genus i sina romaner, samt hur gestaltningen svarar mot en samtida problematik. Undersökningen genomförs alltså med antagandet om att de båda romanerna syftar till att skapa analogier med nutiden. Det teoretiska ramverk som undersökningen tar avstamp i är dels Peter Aronssons resonemang om historiebruk, dels Yvonne Hirdmans genuskontrakt, men också nutidsanalogin som Torsten Pettersson belyser som en av den historiska romanens sex funktioner. Analysen visar att både Widholm och Wennstam gestaltar genus i sina romaner på olika sätt, genom karaktärernas livssituation och handlingsutrymme. Undersökningen visar också på hur de båda författarna söker skapa analogier med nutiden genom inte minst karaktärernas moderna drivkrafter, men också genom att belysa frågor som är aktuella för oss idag.

This study aimed to find out whether or not gender related theories regarding the division between men and women can be applied to three novels written by Katrina von Bredow, Syskonkärlek (1991), Som jag vill vara (2007) and Flyga högt (2011). The theories used in this research were Yvonne Hirdman’s theory and R.W Connell’s theory. Hirdman claims that there are differences between men and women at different levels in the society while Connell believes that this is a myth because, according to the writer, men and women are psychologically similar. The intent with this research was to provide a gender analysis of Bredows novels, because these novels have not been studied previously. There was a deliberated focus on teenagers and these three novels were selected because they, for several years, were on Halmstad City Library’s top ten lists of most borrowed books. Another major reason why these novels were chosen is because Katarina von Bredow has received Children’s Novel Prize 2012 for her book Flyga högt and also because Bredow often visits schools to lecture which means that she is a part of today’s school community. In this study, a qualitative text analytic method was used to achieve the best results. The results corresponded, mostly, with the theories cited in this essay’s literature review on how men and women in teenage novels are narrated and how relationships between genders are formed. For instance, all characters go against the norm of what is considered typically male or female and no one possesses only male or female characteristics, this means that Connell’s theory can be applied on this result. However, one can also find out that there exists an implicit gender contract in all of the studied relationships between boys and girls in these three novels. One example, that is recurrent in all the novels, is the male character is expected to be the initiator which means that the man has the power over the relationship. Hirdman claims, that this phenomenon always occurs in relationships between men and women.

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<p>The purpose of this essay is to look upon the gender structure in Sweden, during the late Middle Ages. Mainly I focus on how the church viewed men and women, since the material of my research, the miracle stories of three saints, was found credible and was written down by churchmen. The saints, whose miracles I have studied, are Birgitta Birgersdotter and Katarina Ulfsdotter of Vadstena and Niklas Hermansson of Linköping. These miracles have earlier been studied by the historian Anders Fröjmark, who has noticed that there are fewer heeled women than men figuring in the miracles. Because of this, Fröjmark draws the conclusion that women were less able to leave their homes and travel as pilgrims to the holy sites of the saints. I, on the other hand, argue that the pilgrim journey was a religious act that both sexes could take equal part in. There are for example plenty of cases in the miracle stories were women have traveled for long distances alone, or with their cured children. The reasons why females are underrepresented could instead be that men seemed more reliable in the eyes of the churchmen. Another reason to the lower representation of women is that men, during the late middle ages, seem to have been far more likely to be the target of accidents and violent assaults.This research also shows that women, being regarded as less reliable, seldom were accepted as witnesses to the miracles. Nuns were however an exception and there is reason to believe that also widows were seen as more reliable than other women. Females who were present during a “birth miracle” were also allowed to witness.</p>

The purpose of this essay is to look upon the gender structure in Sweden, during the late Middle Ages. Mainly I focus on how the church viewed men and women, since the material of my research, the miracle stories of three saints, was found credible and was written down by churchmen. The saints, whose miracles I have studied, are Birgitta Birgersdotter and Katarina Ulfsdotter of Vadstena and Niklas Hermansson of Linköping. These miracles have earlier been studied by the historian Anders Fröjmark, who has noticed that there are fewer heeled women than men figuring in the miracles. Because of this, Fröjmark draws the conclusion that women were less able to leave their homes and travel as pilgrims to the holy sites of the saints. I, on the other hand, argue that the pilgrim journey was a religious act that both sexes could take equal part in. There are for example plenty of cases in the miracle stories were women have traveled for long distances alone, or with their cured children. The reasons why females are underrepresented could instead be that men seemed more reliable in the eyes of the churchmen. Another reason to the lower representation of women is that men, during the late middle ages, seem to have been far more likely to be the target of accidents and violent assaults.This research also shows that women, being regarded as less reliable, seldom were accepted as witnesses to the miracles. Nuns were however an exception and there is reason to believe that also widows were seen as more reliable than other women. Females who were present during a “birth miracle” were also allowed to witness.

The aim of this study was to discover if there has been any changes regarding the male ideal in YA literature over time based on the gender related changes that recently have taken place in the Swedish society. The investigation is completed through a comparative analysis of the male characters in Katarina von Bredow’s Syskonkärlek (1991) and Klättra Uppåt (2020) from the female protagonists’ perspective. This is done against the context based of the historic inequality rooted in gender norms together with patterns in romance literature. The female protagonists’ choice of man together with the use of moral characters are the main sources in validating who the ideal male is in each novel. Concepts such as R.W. Connells ‘hegemonic masculinity’ and Thomas Johansson’s theory about demasculinity detects hierarchies among the male characters which are later included in the conclusion. Through the analysis the discovery of some changes are made which states that the fear of femininity has reduced over time and that the use of dominance through anger and violence has become less desirable in men. This change in values could be an effect of the changes in the Swedish society regarding the fact that YA literature often has been put in the position of holding a moral responsibility and therefore is known for depicting contemporary norms and values.

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