Regensburg, Univ., Diss., 2009.

No description available.

Thesis (M.Phil.) - University of Queensland, 2005. / Includes bibliography.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-05-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:23:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 schmitt_jv_dr_botfm.pdf: 670803 bytes, checksum: e064beb61d3329464bdd135484a6b5a3 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Pro-Hansen / Queratoses actínicas são neoplasias formadas por proliferações atípicas de queratinócitos com potencial de transformação em carcinoma espinocelular que se desenvolvem em áreas fotoexpostas da pele, são induzidas principalmente pela radiação ultravioleta e constituem marcadores de exposição solar crônica. Danos nas vias de apoptose favorecem a proliferação celular e manutenção das lesões. Dentre as diversas vias de sinalização celular, moléculas envolvidas na resposta inflamatória mostraram-se relacionadas à carcinogênese. Além disso, estudos clínicos e laboratoriais verificaram efeito preventivo de anti-inflamatórios não hormonais no desenvolvimento de várias neoplasias. Com o objetivo de avaliar vias de proliferação, apoptose e inflamação, além da influência do uso regular de ácido acetilsalicílico no desenvolvimento de queratoses actínicas, este estudo foi composto de dois experimentos. O primeiro experimento avaliou a expressão de marcadores de proliferação, resistência a apoptose e inflamação nas lesões de queratoses actínicas, pele normal fotoexposta e fotoprotegida. Obtiveram-se fragmentos de queratoses actínicas, pele fotoexposta perilesional, e fotoprotegida axilar. As amostras foram submetidas à marcação imunoistoquímica para p53, survivina, Ki-67, p105/p50 e COX-2. Marcações nucleares foram mensuradas pelo HSCORE e as citoplasmáticas pela fração de campos marcados. O grau de atipia dos foi estimado pela classificação de neoplasia intraepitelial queratinocítica (NIQ). Foram avaliadas 38 queratoses actínicas em 13 pacientes. Os marcadores Ki-67, p53, COX-2 e survivina foram menos expressos na pele normal fotoprotegida em comparação com as lesões de QAs (p<0,05). Evidenciou-se expressão de... / Actinic keratosis are benign skin neoplasms constituted by atypical proliferation of keratinocytes that may evolve to squamous cell carcinoma. They rise at skin photoexposed areas, are induced mainly by ultraviolet radiation and depicit cutaneous markers of chronic sunlight exposition. Occurs specially in adults and elders, fair skinned individuals, and accounts for the fourth common diagnosis in dermatologic consultations in Brazil. Damage of apoptosis mechanisms at photoexposed epithelium favors cellular proliferation and the surveillance of the lesions. In this revision, authors assemble the main epidemiological data regarding this disease and suggest that strategies of identification of risky phenotypes, early diagnosis, adequate treatment, clinical follow-up, stimulus to autoexamination, photoeducation and photoprotection should be promoted with the aim to avoid malignancy development and... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Hélio Amante Miot / Banca: Mauro Y. Enokihara / Banca: Hamilton Ometto Stolf / Banca: Ediléia Bagatin / Banca: Sílvio Alencar Marques / Resumo: Queratoses actínicas são neoplasias formadas por proliferações atípicas de queratinócitos com potencial de transformação em carcinoma espinocelular que se desenvolvem em áreas fotoexpostas da pele, são induzidas principalmente pela radiação ultravioleta e constituem marcadores de exposição solar crônica. Danos nas vias de apoptose favorecem a proliferação celular e manutenção das lesões. Dentre as diversas vias de sinalização celular, moléculas envolvidas na resposta inflamatória mostraram-se relacionadas à carcinogênese. Além disso, estudos clínicos e laboratoriais verificaram efeito preventivo de anti-inflamatórios não hormonais no desenvolvimento de várias neoplasias. Com o objetivo de avaliar vias de proliferação, apoptose e inflamação, além da influência do uso regular de ácido acetilsalicílico no desenvolvimento de queratoses actínicas, este estudo foi composto de dois experimentos. O primeiro experimento avaliou a expressão de marcadores de proliferação, resistência a apoptose e inflamação nas lesões de queratoses actínicas, pele normal fotoexposta e fotoprotegida. Obtiveram-se fragmentos de queratoses actínicas, pele fotoexposta perilesional, e fotoprotegida axilar. As amostras foram submetidas à marcação imunoistoquímica para p53, survivina, Ki-67, p105/p50 e COX-2. Marcações nucleares foram mensuradas pelo HSCORE e as citoplasmáticas pela fração de campos marcados. O grau de atipia dos foi estimado pela classificação de neoplasia intraepitelial queratinocítica (NIQ). Foram avaliadas 38 queratoses actínicas em 13 pacientes. Os marcadores Ki-67, p53, COX-2 e survivina foram menos expressos na pele normal fotoprotegida em comparação com as lesões de QAs (p<0,05). Evidenciou-se expressão de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Actinic keratosis are benign skin neoplasms constituted by atypical proliferation of keratinocytes that may evolve to squamous cell carcinoma. They rise at skin photoexposed areas, are induced mainly by ultraviolet radiation and depicit cutaneous markers of chronic sunlight exposition. Occurs specially in adults and elders, fair skinned individuals, and accounts for the fourth common diagnosis in dermatologic consultations in Brazil. Damage of apoptosis mechanisms at photoexposed epithelium favors cellular proliferation and the surveillance of the lesions. In this revision, authors assemble the main epidemiological data regarding this disease and suggest that strategies of identification of risky phenotypes, early diagnosis, adequate treatment, clinical follow-up, stimulus to autoexamination, photoeducation and photoprotection should be promoted with the aim to avoid malignancy development and... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Genetic changes are hallmarks of cancer development involving the activation and/or inactivation of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes, respectively. In non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) development, the initiation of genetic mutations results from exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation. Non-melanoma skin cancers are comprised of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Several related cutaneous lesions also exist, of which solar keratoses (SK) are widely accepted as a precursor dysplasia to SCC development. The study of recurrent genetic changes present within NMSC and SK should help reveal causative mutations in skin cancer development. Such analysis could also elucidate links in the genetic similarity of these dysplasia. The rapid screening of numerical changes in DNA sequence copy number throughout the entire genome has been made possible by the advent of comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH). This technique enables the identification of net gains and loss of genetic material within a tumour DNA sample. Chromosomal regions of recurrent gain or loss identify loci containing putative oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes, respectively with potential roles in NMSC tumourigenesis. Used in conjunction with tissue microdissection and universal degenerate PCR techniques this can enable the elucidation of aberrations in small histologically distinct regions of tumour. Such a technique can utilize archival material such as paraffin embedded tissue, which is the major source of neoplastic material available for cancer research. This study used the CGH technique to investigate aberrations in BCC, SCC and SK samples. The screening of copy number abnormalities (CNAs) in BCC revealed that although these tumours were close to diploid and generally genetically stable, they did contain several recurrent aberrations. The loss of genetic material at 9q was identified in a third of BCC tumours studied. This is characteristic of inactivation of the PTCH tumour suppressor gene, a known attribute in some sporadic BCC development. Validation of this loss was performed via loss of heterozygosity, demonstrating good concordance with the CGH data. In addition the over-representation of the 6p chromosome arm was revealed in 47% of biopsies. This novel CNA is also commonly observed in other cutaneous neoplasias, including Merkel cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. This suggests a possible common mechanism in development and or promotion in these cutaneous dysplasias, the mechanisms of which have yet to be clearly defined. In contrast to BCC, numerical genetic aberrations in SCC and SK were much more frequent. Several regions of recurrent gain were commonly shared between both dysplasias including gain of 3q, 4p, 5p, 8q, 9q, 14q, 17p, 17q and 20q. Common chromosomal regions of loss included 3p, 8p, 9p, 11p, 13q and 17p. In addition loss of chromosome 18 was significantly observed in SCC in comparison to SK, a possible defining event in SK progression to SCC. The identification of shared genetic aberrations suggests a clonal and genetic relationship between the two lesions. This information further supports the notion for re-classification of SK to an SCC in situ or superficial SCC. Finally, the CNAs detected have been similarly observed in other squamous cell-derived tumours, for example cervical and head and neck SCC. This provides further evidence to common mechanisms involved in the initiation, development and progression of SCC neoplasia. This study has identified a number of recurrent chromosomal regions, some of which are novel in NMSC development. The further delineation of these loci should provide additional evidence of their significance and degree of involvement in NMSC tumourigenesis. The identification of the cancer-causing genes mapped to these loci will further demarcate the genetic mechanisms of BCC and SCC progression. An understanding of the events involved in skin cancer formation and progression should shed additional light on molecular targets for diagnostics, management and therapeutic treatment.

Šio tyrimo tikslas buvo įvertinti aktininės keratozės klinikinius ypatumus ir fotodinaminio gydymo skirtingomis raudonosios šviesos dozėmis veiks-mingumą. Aktininė keratozė – tai ikinavikinė odos liga, pasireiškianti ilgalaikio saulės poveikio srityse, o jos diagnozė nustatoma remiantis klinikiniu vaizdu. Histologinis tyrimas atliekamas tik neaiškiais atvejais. Vis tik pasitaiko diagnozavimo klaidų ir nesuta¬pimo atvejų tarp tyrėjų dermatologų bei dermatopatologų. Šiame darbe įvertinome ir nustatėme AK klinikinės raiškos ypatumus bei jų sąsajas su histologiniais požymiais, o taip pat AK klinikinio tyrimo jautrumą ir specifiškumą, remiantis histologinio tyrimo duomenimis. Nuo 0,025 iki 20 proc. atvejų AK transfor¬muojasi į plokščiųjų ląstelių karcinomą. Aktininę keratozę rekomenduojama gydyti, nes prognozuoti, kuri AK plis iš epidermio į gilesnius odos sluoksnius ir taps plokščiųjų ląstelių karcinoma, neįmanoma. Veiksmingas bei saugus būdas gydyti AK yra vietinio poveikio foto¬dinaminis gydymas, tačiau jo trūkumas – skausmas procedūros metu. Atlikę perspektyvųjį tyrimą, įvertinome aktininės keratozės klinikinės raiškos ypatumus po fotodinaminio gydymo su 5-aminolevulino rūgštimi. Nustatėme skausmą procedūros metu įtakojančius veiksnius. Nustatėme šio gydymo dviejomis raudonosios šviesos dozėmis veiksmingumą po dvejų metų stebėjimo bei AK atkrytį prognozuojančius veiksnius. Pateikėme praktines šio AK gydymo rekomendacijas. / The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical characteristics of actinic keratosis and the efficacy of photodynamic treatment with different red light doses. The diagnosis of AK is based upon its typical clinical aspects. However, there are data stating that diagnosing single AKs clinically is not precise and that there are even interobserver disagreements between dermatologists and dermatopathologists. In this study we assessed the clinical peculiarities of AK and its correlation with histological characteristics. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of AK clinical diagnosis based on histopathological analysis. In 0.025% to 20% cases AK transforms into squamous cell carcinoma. It is impossible to predict which AK will spread from the epithelium into the deeper layers of the skin. Therefore, treatment of actinic keratosis is recommended in all cases. Topical photodynamic treatment is safe and effective therapy for AK but pain is the limitation of the procedure. We performed a prospective within-patient study and evaluated the clinical pecularities of actinic keratosis after photodynamic treatment. We assessed the factors that influence pain during the treatment. We assessed the efficacy of photodynamic treatment with different red light doses for actinic keratosis after two-years follow-up. Factors that influence the recurrence of AK were evaluated. Follow-up data for two years was used to formulate the practical recommendations of the study.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:30:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_ss_me_jabo.pdf: 431915 bytes, checksum: 2bb4d7b793f721ee888c11f23b760d49 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este estudo apresenta uma análise comparativa da taxa de proliferação celular e da expressão da enzima cicloxigenase-2 na pele de cães saudáveis e acometidos por ceratose actínica e carcinoma de células escamosas cutâneo (CCE). O objetivo foi avaliar o prognóstico destes cães utilizando-se a imunorreatividade a COX-2 e o índice de proliferação celular. Foram analisados 20 amostras de pele de cães, sendo 10 casos de ceratose actínica (G1) e 10 de CCE cutâneo (G2). Os dados epidemiológicos e as características clínicas e histopatológicas foram estudados. A taxa de proliferação celular foi avaliada por meio de índice mitótico (IM) e imunomarcação para MIB-1. A expressão da enzima cicloxigenase foi pesquisada por exame imunoistoquímico. Os cães da raça Pit Bull foram os mais acometidos em G1 e G2 e a média de idade foi 4,3 (±0,8) anos e 5,6 (±1,7) anos, respectivamente. Os valores médios do índice mitótico foram 0,4; 4,6 (±3,6) e 4,9 (±2,6) em G0, G1 e G2, respectivamente. Não houve diferença estatística entre G1 e G2, mas sim em relação ao G0. Houve imunomarcação para COX-2 em G1 e G2, a média dos escores foi 8,16 (±3,51) e 8,56 (±1,03), respectivamente. Não houve imunomarcação nas amostras de G0 e não houve diferença estatística entre G1 e G2, mas sim em relação ao G0 (p>0,05). A média da porcentagem de células imunomarcadas para Ki-67 em G0, G1 e G2 foi 0,4; 15,77 (± 8,81) e 17,71 (± 12,21), respectivamente. Não houve diferença entre G1 e G2, mas sim destes em relação ao G0 (p>0,05). A ceratose actínica se comportou como o CCE cutâneo, revelando não ser uma lesão pré-neoplásica, mas sim o estágio inicial da neoplasia propriamente dita. / This research presents a comparative analysis of cell proliferation index and cyclooxigenase-2 expression in skin of healthy and with actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) dogs. The goal was to evaluate the prognosis of these dogs by COX-2 immunorreactivity and cell proliferation index. Skin sections from 20 dogs were evaluated, which 10 were actinic keratosis (G1) and 10 cutaneous SCC (G2). Epidemiological information, clinical and histopathological aspects were evaluated. Cell proliferation index hás been stimated by mitotic index (MI) and MIB-1 staining. Cyclooxigenase-2 expression has been analyzed by immunohistochemistry study. Pit Bull dogs were the main affected in G1 and G2 and the mean age was 4,3 (±0,8) years old and 5,6 (±1,7) years old, relatively. MI mean values were 0,4; 4,6 (±3,6) and 4,9 (±2,6) in G0, G1 and G2, relatively. There was no statistical difference between G1 and G2, but it did with G0. There was positive staining for COX-2 in G1 and G2, the score mean value was 8,16 (±3,51) and 8,56 (±1,03), relatively. There was no positive staining in G0 samples and neither statistical difference between G1 and G2, but it did with G0 (p>0,05). The positive cells for Ki-67 mean percentage in G0, G1 and G2 was 0,4; 15,77 (± 8,81) and 17,71 (± 12,21), relatively. There was no difference between G1 and G2, but it did with G0 (p>0,05). Actinic keratosis behavior was similar to cutaneous SSC, demonstrating that it is not a pre-neoplastic disease, but, in fact, the initial of neoplasm.

Orientador: Mário Roberto Hatayde / Banca: Mirela Tinucci Costa / Banca: Andrigo Barboza De Nardi / Resumo: Este estudo apresenta uma análise comparativa da taxa de proliferação celular e da expressão da enzima cicloxigenase-2 na pele de cães saudáveis e acometidos por ceratose actínica e carcinoma de células escamosas cutâneo (CCE). O objetivo foi avaliar o prognóstico destes cães utilizando-se a imunorreatividade a COX-2 e o índice de proliferação celular. Foram analisados 20 amostras de pele de cães, sendo 10 casos de ceratose actínica (G1) e 10 de CCE cutâneo (G2). Os dados epidemiológicos e as características clínicas e histopatológicas foram estudados. A taxa de proliferação celular foi avaliada por meio de índice mitótico (IM) e imunomarcação para MIB-1. A expressão da enzima cicloxigenase foi pesquisada por exame imunoistoquímico. Os cães da raça Pit Bull foram os mais acometidos em G1 e G2 e a média de idade foi 4,3 (±0,8) anos e 5,6 (±1,7) anos, respectivamente. Os valores médios do índice mitótico foram 0,4; 4,6 (±3,6) e 4,9 (±2,6) em G0, G1 e G2, respectivamente. Não houve diferença estatística entre G1 e G2, mas sim em relação ao G0. Houve imunomarcação para COX-2 em G1 e G2, a média dos escores foi 8,16 (±3,51) e 8,56 (±1,03), respectivamente. Não houve imunomarcação nas amostras de G0 e não houve diferença estatística entre G1 e G2, mas sim em relação ao G0 (p>0,05). A média da porcentagem de células imunomarcadas para Ki-67 em G0, G1 e G2 foi 0,4; 15,77 (± 8,81) e 17,71 (± 12,21), respectivamente. Não houve diferença entre G1 e G2, mas sim destes em relação ao G0 (p>0,05). A ceratose actínica se comportou como o CCE cutâneo, revelando não ser uma lesão pré-neoplásica, mas sim o estágio inicial da neoplasia propriamente dita. / Abstract: This research presents a comparative analysis of cell proliferation index and cyclooxigenase-2 expression in skin of healthy and with actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) dogs. The goal was to evaluate the prognosis of these dogs by COX-2 immunorreactivity and cell proliferation index. Skin sections from 20 dogs were evaluated, which 10 were actinic keratosis (G1) and 10 cutaneous SCC (G2). Epidemiological information, clinical and histopathological aspects were evaluated. Cell proliferation index hás been stimated by mitotic index (MI) and MIB-1 staining. Cyclooxigenase-2 expression has been analyzed by immunohistochemistry study. Pit Bull dogs were the main affected in G1 and G2 and the mean age was 4,3 (±0,8) years old and 5,6 (±1,7) years old, relatively. MI mean values were 0,4; 4,6 (±3,6) and 4,9 (±2,6) in G0, G1 and G2, relatively. There was no statistical difference between G1 and G2, but it did with G0. There was positive staining for COX-2 in G1 and G2, the score mean value was 8,16 (±3,51) and 8,56 (±1,03), relatively. There was no positive staining in G0 samples and neither statistical difference between G1 and G2, but it did with G0 (p>0,05). The positive cells for Ki-67 mean percentage in G0, G1 and G2 was 0,4; 15,77 (± 8,81) and 17,71 (± 12,21), relatively. There was no difference between G1 and G2, but it did with G0 (p>0,05). Actinic keratosis behavior was similar to cutaneous SSC, demonstrating that it is not a pre-neoplastic disease, but, in fact, the initial of neoplasm. / Mestre