Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-09-15T18:07:05Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Cláudia Oliveira Sérvulo - 2016.pdf: 2434108 bytes, checksum: 3547aafd1a987a6c13667cbd8aa9a2f8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-16T12:18:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Cláudia Oliveira Sérvulo - 2016.pdf: 2434108 bytes, checksum: 3547aafd1a987a6c13667cbd8aa9a2f8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-16T12:18:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Cláudia Oliveira Sérvulo - 2016.pdf: 2434108 bytes, checksum: 3547aafd1a987a6c13667cbd8aa9a2f8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The African Mahogany’s commercial exploitation in the Brazilian Midwest lacks information to assist management strategies of the specie and natural resources, specially water. The transpiration and growth analysis are useful, not just for water management, but also to support physiological studies. The Granier method (thermal dissipation probe – TDP) uses sap flow measurements to estimate transpiration in woody species, however it requires validate for each new specie. This paper aimed to study the African Mahogany’s water consumption and growth in the Cerrado bioma. The main activities aimed to: a) Adjust the Granier’s sap flux method to African Mahogany; b) Quantify water consumption and vegetative growth on a 2.5 years old African Mahogany’s forest, under two water regimes; c) Establish relations between tree transpiration and atmospheric water demand. This research consisted of two experiments. The first one, happened in oct-nov/2014 and feb-may/2015, consisted of the Granier’s model adjustment with aid of the lysimetry, for use in African Mahogany’s transpiration measurements. The second experiment, happened between oct/2014 and oct/2015, on a commercial forest up to 2.5 years old, evaluated water consumption (transpiration by leaf area – T) using integrated sap flux measurements by TDP, and vegetative growth [leaf area (AF), diameter at breast height (DAP), tree height (Alt), trunk volume (VTR) and leaf dry biomass (BMF)], treatments were defined as: T1 – forest with irrigation interrupted at two years old; T2 – forest without irrigation. The adjusted sap flux model to African mahogany is F    k  AS 6 1,231 268,25 10 , and the original Granier’s model underestimates the transpiration in 39.1%. The average potential transpiration was between 2.1 and 34.8 L day-1. In field conditions, the growth benefits from the T1 are seen in highest values for AF, DAP and BMF. However, the Alt and VTR are not significant different. The monthly T under field conditions varied between 10.2 and 24.2 L m-2, except for jul-aug/2015, when T2 transpiration was higher. The combination of bigger leaf area and low soil water content led to T1’s water deficit scenario. / A exploração comercial do Mogno Africano (Khaya ivorensis) no Centro- Oeste brasileiro carece de informações sobre a espécie para auxiliar no desenvolvimento de estratégias de ações no manejo da espécie e dos recursos naturais, em especial a água. Para tal, os estudos do processo transpiratório e de análise de crescimento são úteis, não só para o manejo da água no processo produtivo, como também para sustentar estudos fisiológicos. O método de Granier (sonda de dissipação térmica – SDT) utiliza a medida do fluxo de seiva como base para estimativa da transpiração em espécies lenhosas, todavia seu uso requer validação do modelo para cada nova espécie. Este trabalho tem como objetivo determinar consumo hídrico e o crescimento do Mogno Africano no bioma Cerrado. As atividades envolvidas visaram: a) Ajustar o modelo de Granier para estimativa da transpiração em Mogno Africano; b) Quantificar o consumo de água e o crescimento vegetativo em uma floresta a partir dos 2,5 anos de idade em dois regimes hídricos; c) Estabelecer a relação entre a transpiração das árvores e a demanda hídrica da atmosfera em condições naturais de disponibilidade de água no solo. A pesquisa constituiu de dois experimentos. O primeiro experimento foi realizado entre out-nov/2014 e fev-mai/2015 e objetivou o ajuste do modelo de Granier a partir da lisimetria na medida da transpiração do Mogno Africano. O segundo experimento foi realizado a campo entre out/2014 e out/2015, em um plantio comercial a partir de 2,5 anos de idade, avaliou-se o consumo hídrico (transpiração por unidade de área foliar – T), por meio da integração do fluxo de seiva medido com a SDT, e o crescimento vegetativo [área foliar (AF), diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP), altura (Alt), volume de tronco (VTR) e biomassa seca de folhas (BMF)]; os tratamentos foram definidos como: T1 – floresta com irrigação interrompida aos dois anos; T2 – floresta não irrigada. O modelo ajustado para o Mogno Africano é F    k  AS 6 1,231 268,25 10 . O modelo original de Granier subestima em 39,1% a transpiração do Mogno Africano. A transpiração potencial média foi de 13,0 L dia-1. Em campo, a superioridade do crescimento em AF, DAP e BMF prevaleceu para o tratamento T1. Porém o incremento em Alt e VTR foi similar nos dois grupos avaliados. A T em campo variou entre 10,2 e 24,2 L m-2 mês-1, respondendo diretamente à demanda evaporativa atmosférica, exceto em jul e ago/2015, nos quais T2 apresentou maior T. A combinação entre maior área foliar e baixo armazenamento de água no solo (a partir de 33,6 mm) promoveu menor transpiração à T1 devido ao esgotamento precoce da água do solo.

The weaver ant is a promising biological control agent of a shoot borer, <i>Hypsipyla robusta</i> Moore, on mahogany, but techniques to conserve ant colonies redistributed to mahogany plantations have not yet been developed. The effect of food supplementation and host plant species preference of the weaver ant, <i>Oecophylla smaragdina</i> F., was evaluated in a series of field studies. A simple model was developed to estimate the number of ants within nests on <i>Khaya ivorensis</i> A. Chev. (Meliaceae): log₁₀ (Number of ants) = - 1.16 + 1.09 log₁₀ (Nest size). Nest size is calculated from estimated nest height <i>(&#293;)</i> and length <i>(à )</i> using the formula = π;r²⁺; <i>à </i>, where r = ½ <i>&#293;</i>. This model was useful for repeated assessments of ant population levels to evaluate treatment effects. It provides better estimates than previous indirect methods based on nest counts and ant trail counts on plant parts. Colonies that were relocated without their queens and very small colonies (< 10,000 ants) failed to establish on new host trees, indicating that a minimum ant population and queen needs to be transferred for colony survival. Established colonies consumed more high-protein foods (live mealworms and fish) than high-carbohydrate liquid foods (honey and –weaver ant formula–, which contained sucrose and human muscle-training powder (Enerpro™)). Relocated colonies consumed more weaver ant formula and as many mealworms as established colonies, indicating that existing and relocated colonies require different food supplementation strategies. Decreasing consumption over time and preferential consumption among high-protein food choices (i.e., of mealworms over fish) indicated that ants select and regulate food consumption based on colony needs. Therefore, food supplementation should be as needed. Preliminary indications were that self-sufficiency in trophobiont (honeydew) levels may be achieved in two months after colony relocation. The optimal colony density that would protect <i>K. ivorensis</i> was estimated to be within the range of 6 – 48 colonies per ha based on previous reports for cocoa and cashew, and a consideration of the low damage threshold for mahogany. Substituting chemical control with weaver ants at those application rates gave similar IRRs (Internal rate of return; 11.6 – 12.2 vs. 12.0%) in preliminary financial analyses, and was preferable from an ecological standpoint. Twenty-nine host plant species were found for Malaysian <i>O. smaragdina</i>, of which 11 were new species records for <i>Oecophylla</i> spp. Also, there were two new genera and eight new species records for Malaysian <i>O. smaragdina</i>. Of eight trophobiont families collected, six species were identified, yielding new trophobiont-host plant species records for four coccoid species and two membracid genera. Screening of several ant-abundant plant species that included preliminary pest risk analyses for trophobionts on <i>K. ivorensis</i>, identified <i>M. citrifolia</i> as a promising candidate for mixed-planting with this mahogany species. / Ph. D.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-08-18T19:35:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Flávio de Oliveira Rosa - 2014.pdf: 2072221 bytes, checksum: dd9c2aa9eb4e6bd9898133635dd43ba6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-19T13:11:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Flávio de Oliveira Rosa - 2014.pdf: 2072221 bytes, checksum: dd9c2aa9eb4e6bd9898133635dd43ba6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T13:11:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Flávio de Oliveira Rosa - 2014.pdf: 2072221 bytes, checksum: dd9c2aa9eb4e6bd9898133635dd43ba6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Due to the intensified devastation of native Brazilian Savanna biome (“Cerrado”) areas in recent decades, there is currently a major concern in preserving the remaining natural areas. In this view, the forest species cultivation purposes has emerged to meet the demand for wood. In the searching of forest species with good quality wood, easy adaptability and high commercial value, has been gaining space the african mahogany (Khaya ivorensis). Originally from west coast of Africa, is a specie that showed good adaptation to edaphoclimatic6 conditions of savanna besides being inserted in several other regions of Brazil. Although the recent implantation of the forest species in commercial plantations in Brazil, has been gaining visibility, but climate requirements is just a little known, beyond fluid and nutritional requirements of the crop. In this way, the aim of this study was to perform the brazilian edaphoclimatic zoning for african mahogany and evaluate the growth and development of this specie under savanna conditions of Goiás, as well. Firstly, edaphoclimatic zoning for the crop of african mahogany for different regions of Brazil was carried out using data temperature, rainfall and soil types, based on the origin region of species (west African coast).The field experiment was carried on Bonfinópolis, county of Goiás State. The plants were implanted is spacing of 5x5m. An irrigation system by conventional sprinkling3 was utilized to replace the lost water for evapotranspiration (ET-100%). 10 plants were evaluated, being 5 irrigated plants and 5 non-irrigated plants. The variables measured were: shaft4 height, number of leaves, stem diameter and leaf area. The experiment delimitation utilized was fully randomized (DIC), in a bi-factorial scheme 2x9 (A: irrigated and non-irrigated; D: times). The experiment in protected environment performed in EA-UFG, driving up of 18 plants in vases (20L.), with no fluid deficit, being the treatments formed by doses of N (0.0; 0.12; 0.24; 0.36; 0.48; 0.60g N plant1). These plants were evaluated for 5 months-period, with biweekly readings of: plant height, shaft height, number of leaves, number of leaflets, stem diameter and leaf area. The experimental drawing z was the DIC. From the zoning, it was realized that suitable areas to the cultivation of this species, cover most part of Brazil, extending though major part of regions Midwest of the country and thought coast of regions northeast and southeast. The suitable zones with restrictions comprise a large part of states of AM and AC, having more restrictions to south region of Brazil. Only a small strip neat the coast of SP state is considered unfit to the african mahogany plantation. The field experiment demonstrated that all evaluated variables obtained significant differences between the irrigated treatments and non-irrigated, as well, for the different times of evaluation. The irrigated plants showed higher growth than non-irrigated plants with daily rates for plant height and leaf extension of 0.706 cm and 80.354 cm2, respectively, the same variables for non-irrigated plants showed values of 0.508 cm and 63.104 cm2. The experiment in protected environment has found that nitrogen fertilization influenced the mean of leaf area wherein the dose of 0.48 and 0.60 g N-1 influenced better performance of the plants. Conclude that african mahogany can be cultivated in major areas of national territory. Irrigation is recommended on the period between May and September. Keywords: Khaya ivorensis, climate, soil, water stress, plant growth. / Devido à devastação de áreas nativas do bioma Cerrado intensificada nas últimas décadas, há atualmente uma grande preocupação em se preservar áreas naturais remanescentes. Em vista disto, o cultivo de espécies florestais para fins comerciais surgiu para suprir a demanda por madeira. Na busca por espécies florestais com boa qualidade de madeira, fácil adaptabilidade e elevado valor comercial, vem ganhando espaço o mogno africano (Khaya ivorensis). Natural da costa ocidental da África é uma espécie que mostrou boa adaptação às condições edafoclimáticas do Cerrado além de estar sendo inserida em várias outras regiões do Brasil. Esta espécie florestal embora recém implantada no Brasil em plantios comerciais, vem ganhando visibilidade, porém pouco se sabe com relação as exigências climáticas, hídricas e nutricionais desta cultura. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi de realizar o zoneamento edafoclimático brasileiro para o mogno africano, bem como, avaliar o crescimento e desenvolvimento desta espécie nas condições do Cerrado Goiano. Primeiramente foi realizado o zoneamento edafoclimático para a cultura do mogno africano para as diferentes regiões do Brasil, utilizando-se dados de temperatura, precipitação pluvial e tipos de solo, baseando-se na região de origem desta espécie (costa ocidental africana). O experimento em campo foi conduzido município de Bonfinópolis-GO. As plantas foram implantadas em espaçamento 5 x 5 m. Um sistema de irrigação por aspersão convencional foi utilizado para repor a água perdida por evapotranspiração (ET-100%). Avaliaram-se 10 plantas, sendo 5 plantas irrigadas e 5 plantas não irrigadas. As variáveis medidas foram: altura de planta, altura de fuste, número de folhas e de folíolos, diâmetro de caule e área foliar. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC), em esquema bifatorial 2x9 (A: irrigadas e não irrigadas; D: tempos). O experimento em ambiente protegido foi realizado na EA-UFG, conduzindo-se 18 plantas, em vasos (20 L), sem déficit hídrico, sendo os tratamentos formados por doses de N (0; 0,12; 0,24; 0,36; 0,48; 0,60 g N planta-1). Estas plantas foram avaliadas por um período de 5 meses, com leituras quinzenais de: altura de planta, altura de fuste, número de folhas e de folíolos, diâmetro de caule e área foliar. O desenho experimental foi o DIC. A partir do zoneamento verificou-se que as zonas aptas ao cultivo desta espécie abrangem a maior parte do Brasil, estendendo-se por boa parte das regiões Centro e Norte do país e pelo litoral das regiões nordeste e parte do sudeste , as zonas aptas com restrições compreendem grande parte dos estados do AM, AC, havendo maiores restrições na região sul do Brasil. Apenas uma pequena faixa próxima ao litoral do Estado de SP é considerada inapta ao plantio do mogno africano. O experimento em campo demonstrou que todas as variáveis avaliadas obtiveram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos irrigados e não irrigados, bem como, para os diferentes tempos de avaliação. As plantas irrigadas apresentaram um maior crescimento que as plantas não irrigadas com taxas diárias para altura de planta e expansão foliar de 0,706 cm e 80,354 cm2, respectivamente, as mesmas variáveis para plantas não irrigadas apresentaram valores de 0,508 cm e 63,104 cm2. Já o experimento em ambiente protegido verificou-se que a adubação nitrogenada influenciou as médias de área foliar, em que as doses de 0,48 e 0,60 g N-1 influenciaram uma melhor performance das plantas. Conclui-se que o mogno africano pode ser cultivado em grande parte do território nacional, recomendando-se a utilização da irrigação nos períodos de maio a setembro.

Banco do Nordeste do Brasil / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa AgropecuÃria / AgÃncia do Desenvolvimento do Estado do Cearà / Cearà has about 750 furniture industries, among medium and small. The extraction and the lack of wood to meet demand represent the main problems of the sector. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the development and physiological responses of native tree species and exotic scrub under two water regimes in Baixo - AcaraÃ, CearÃ. The seedlings were grown in plastic pots containing 288 cm3 as carbonized rice husk substrate, carnauba straw chopped and hydromorphic soil volumetric proportion of 3:2:2. The experiment was conducted in Marco Ceara explored in the postharvest area. The species aroeira (Myracroduon urundeuva AllemÃo), acÃcia australiana (Acacia mangium Willd), frei jorge (Cordia trichotoma (Vellozo) ArrÃb. ex Steud.), nim (Azadirachtha indica A. Juss.), jatobà (Hymenaea courbaril L.) mogno africano (Khaya ivorensis A. Chev) e sobrasil (Colubrina glandulosa var. reizzi) were planted at 2x3 m spacing with 15 plants/row. We conducted a fertilization foundation(120 g of NPK (10-28-20) + 30 g of FTE BR 12) and semiannually and fertilizer training (50 g of NPK (10-28-20). The first 12 months the entire area was irrigated by micro which was suspended after this period until the end of the experiment only one side, dividing into two sub (plots), with and without irrigation scheme. Monthly for 36 months held up measurements of height and diameter at breast height (DBH) in 12 plants of the central row of the plot of each species in each treatment, also led physiological evaluations for individuals marked during the dry and rainy season each treatment. The experiment followed a design in repeated measures, in an arrangement with split plots. Acacia species studied stood out over the others reaching a height at 36 months of age of 15,18 m and 14,69 m under irrigation under rainfed conditions . Regarding the DBH at 36 months the acaciaa was superior to the others, but developing - better under irrigated conditions (16,88 cm) than under dryland (15,78 cm). Generally the species showed decreases in conductance, transpiration and photosynthesis when exposed to water deficit, on the other hand proved to be efficient in water use indicating strong stomatal regulation. There were no severe damage to the photosynthetic apparatus of the species. We conclude that the species have the potential to be explored in the soil and climatic conditions of the region. / O Cearà possui cerca de 750 indÃstrias moveleiras, entre mÃdias e pequenas. O extrativismo e a falta de madeira para atender a demanda representam os principais problemas do setor. Diante disso, objetivou-se nesta pesquisa avaliar o desenvolvimento e respostas fisiolÃgicas de espÃcies arbÃreas nativas da caatinga e exÃticas sob dois regimes hÃdricos no perÃmetro irrigado Baixo AcaraÃ, CearÃ. AtravÃs de mudas que foram produzidas em tubetes de 288 cm3 contendo como substrato casca de arroz carbonizada, bagana de carnaÃba triturada e solo hidromÃrfico na proporÃÃo volumÃtrica de 3:2:2. O experimento foi conduzido em AcaraÃ, Cearà em Ãrea experimental conduzida pela Embrapa AgroindÃstria Tropical, com as espÃcies aroeira (Myracroduon urundeuva AllemÃo), acÃcia (Acacia mangium Willd), frei jorge (Cordia trichotoma (Vellozo) ArrÃb. ex Steud.), nim (Azadirachtha indica A. Juss.), jatobà (Hymenaea courbaril L.) mogno africano (Khaya ivorensis A. Chev) e sobrasil (Colubrina glandulosa var. reizzi). Plantadas no espaÃamento 2x3 m em trÃs linhas com 15 plantas/linha. Efetuou-se uma adubaÃÃo de fundaÃÃo (120 g de NPK (10-28-20) + 30 g de FTE BR 12) e semestralmente adubaÃÃo de formaÃÃo (50 g de NPK (10-28-20). Nos primeiros 12 meses toda a Ãrea foi irrigada por microaspersÃo, suspensa apÃs este perÃodo atà o final do experimento somente de um lado, dividindo em duas subÃreas (parcelas), regime irrigado e irrigaÃÃo de salvamento. Semestralmente durante 36 meses procederam-se avaliaÃÃes da altura e diÃmetro a altura do peito (DAP) em 12 plantas da fileira central das espÃcies em cada regime hÃdrico. TambÃm foram conduzidas avaliaÃÃes fisiolÃgicas durante a estaÃÃo seca e chuvosa em cada regime hÃdrico. O experimento seguiu um delineamento em medidas repetidas, em um arranjo com parcelas subsubdivididas. AcÃcia destacou-se em relaÃÃo Ãs demais atingindo altura e DAP aos 36 meses de idade de 15,18 m e 16,88 cm sob irrigaÃÃo e 14,69 m e 15,78 cm sob irrigaÃÃo de salvamento. De modo geral as espÃcies apresentaram decrÃscimos na condutÃncia, transpiraÃÃo e fotossÃntese quando submetidas a dÃficit hÃdrico, por outro lado mostraram-se eficiente no uso da Ãgua indicando forte regulaÃÃo estomÃtica. NÃo foi verificado danos severos no aparato fotossintÃtico das espÃcies. Conclui-se que as espÃcies possuem potencial para serem exploradas nas condiÃÃes edafoclimÃticas da regiÃo.

Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2018-04-02T12:46:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Camilla Oliveira Muniz - 2015.pdf: 2176417 bytes, checksum: 6d7842c4868c26a9bbeb1cdf0304713f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-04-02T14:30:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Camilla Oliveira Muniz - 2015.pdf: 2176417 bytes, checksum: 6d7842c4868c26a9bbeb1cdf0304713f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-02T14:30:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Camilla Oliveira Muniz - 2015.pdf: 2176417 bytes, checksum: 6d7842c4868c26a9bbeb1cdf0304713f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Global demand for wood is growing every day. In Brazil, the wide availability of area, favorable climate and soil conditions for the plant, made possible investment in forest monocultures. Among the species of hardwood, African mahogany (Khaya ivorensis A. Chev.) Is the one with physical and mechanical characteristics closer to Brazilian mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla). Due to resistance attack on Hypsipyla grandella has been a viable service to the international furniture market. However, little is known about the culture, particularly their nutritional requirements. This study aimed to evaluate the development of Khaya ivorensis in different base saturation levels and levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. For this, an eight-hectare area in which four hectares had the high saturation bases to 55% and the remaining 75% was used. The experimental design was a randomized block design with eight replications in factorial 4 x 4 x 4, with four levels of nitrogen (60g, 120g, 180g and 240g of urea), four doses of phosphorus (60g, 120g, 180g and 240g super triple phosphate) and four potassium doses (42g, 84g, 126g and 168g of potassium chloride). The base saturation was evaluated in the block effect. After twelve months of planting were performed dendrometric reviews. The basal diameter was measured with a digital caliper and height with tape. Each plot consisted of six plants and averaging them considered in the statistical analysis. In stem diameter was no statistical difference between blocks and nitrogen. However, this difference may be related to genetics of plants, since the plant is young and seminal seedlings were used. At the time only the NPK ratio presented statistical variation. However, growth decreasing trend was observed with the increase of N rates and improved with increasing doses of P and K. All treatments favored the growth of African mahogany. The most suitable foundations saturation is 55%, since there is no improvement in the growth of plants is high when V% to 75%. Excess N affect the growth of the species. The best treatment was that received 60g of urea, 240g and 168g ST KCl. / A demanda mundial por madeira cresce a cada dia. No Brasil, a grande disponibilidade de área e condições edafoclimáticas favoráveis ao crescimento de plantas, têm viabilizado o investimento em monocultivos florestais. Dentre as espécies de madeira nobre, o mogno africano (Khaya ivorensis A. Chev.) é a que possui características físicas e mecânicas mais próximas ao mogno brasileiro (Swietenia macrophylla). Devido à resistência ao ataque da Hypsipyla grandella tem sido uma alternativa viável de atendimento ao mercado moveleiro internacional. No entanto, pouco se conhece sobre a cultura, sobretudo suas exigências nutricionais. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento da Khaya ivorensis em diferentes saturações por bases e níveis de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio. Para isso, foi utilizada uma área de oito hectares em que quatro hectares tiveram a saturação por bases elevada a 55% e os demais a 75%. O delineamento experimental empregado foi blocos casualizados com oito repetições no esquema fatorial 4 x 4 x 4, com quatro doses de nitrogênio (60g, 120g, 180g e 240g de uréia), quatro doses de fósforo (60g, 120g, 180g e 240g de super fosfato triplo) e quatro doses de potássio (42g, 84g, 126g e 168g de cloreto de potássio). A saturação por bases foi avaliada no efeito de blocos. Após doze meses de plantio foram realizadas as avaliações dendrométricas. O diâmetro do colo foi mensurado com paquímetro digital e a altura com fita métrica. Cada parcela experimental foi composta por seis plantas e a média entre elas considerada na análise estatística. No diâmetro do colo houve diferença estatística entre blocos e doses de nitrogênio. No entanto, esta diferença pode estar relacionada à genética das plantas, visto que o plantio é jovem e foram utilizadas mudas seminais. Na altura apenas a relação NPK apresentou variação estatística. No entanto, foi observada tendência de decréscimo de crescimento com a elevação das doses de N e melhoria com o aumento das doses de P e K. Todos os tratamentos favoreceram o crescimento do mogno africano. A saturação por bases mais indicada é a de 55%, visto que não há melhoria no crescimento das plantas quando V% é elevada a 75%. O excesso de N prejudica o crescimento da espécie. O melhor tratamento foi o que recebeu 60g de uréia, 240g de ST e 168g de KCl.

Thesis (M.Dev. (Planning and Management)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / There is a high rate of gender-based violence in South Africa. The study aimed at examining the effectiveness of Ikhaya Lethemba as a community based organisation in empowering victims of gender-based violence in Gauteng province of the republic. In ensuring that the objectives of this study used predominantly qualitative research approach. The study method has been a case study. Representative of the study were selected purposively and participants were ten staff members including principals of Ikhaya Lethemba along with twenty-four respondents. The sample consisted of thirty-four participants. As this was predominantly qualitative study, data collection was using semi structured in-depth interviews. The narrative data from the interview guide was analysed qualitatively through open-ended questions. Data was also collected by using closed-ended questions for responding to semi-structured questions. Patterns of experiences were noted from the emerged themes. Those emerged themes were then grouped together. The main findings indicated that Ikhaya Lethemba played a significant role in empowering gender-based violence victims in Gauteng province, South Africa. The study discussed the nature of gender based violence experienced by the respondents, the legislative and policy framework in responding to gender based violence within the Republic of South Africa, and to examine the effectiveness of Ikhaya Lethemba as a community based organisation in empowering victims of gender based violence.