Nous nous intéressons aux systèmes d'informations où les participants (clients et fournisseurs) sont autonomes, c.à.d. ils peuvent décider de quitter le système à n'importe quel moment, et qu'ils ont des intérêts particuliers pour certaines requêtes. Dans ces environnements, l'allocation de requêtes est un défi particulier car les attentes des participants ne sont pas seulement liées aux performances du système. Dans ce contexte, l'insatisfaction des participants est un problème car elle peut les conduire à quitter le système. Par conséquent, il est très important de répondre aux attentes des participants de sorte à ce qu'ils soient satisfaits. Dans cette thèse, nous abordons ce problème en apportant quatre contributions principales. Primo, nous fournissons un modèle pour caractériser la perception des participants par rapport au système et proposons des mesures qui permettent d'évaluer la qualité des méthodes d'allocation de requêtes. Secundo, nous proposons une méthode d'allocation de requêtes, SbQA, qui permet d'équilibrer à la volée les intérêts tant des clients que des fournisseurs en se basant sur leur satisfaction. Tertio, nous proposons $bQA : une version économique de SbQA qui permet de passer à l'échelle en nombre de médiateurs, de participants, et par conséquent, de requêtes traitées. Quarto, nous proposons SbQR : une méthode de réplication de requêtes qui permet de supporter les pannes éventuelles des participants, tout en préservant leur satisfaction.

<p>A qualitative descriptive study approach was used to gather the required information. The sample for this study was drawn from an existing group of volunteers who participated in the vaccine trial at Mbeya Medical Research Centre in 2006-2007. A purposive sampling method was used to select respondents because they had had experience of being participants in a HIV vaccine trial. Twenty audio recorded in-depth interviews were conducted. The interviews were conducted at the clinic during their routine follow up visits. An open ended interview guideline was used to guide the discussion to elicit the required information from the respondents. The data was transcribed, translated and then analyzed by both content and thematic approach. Ethical procedures were observed, including getting permission from the local ethical committee in Mbeya region and participants were given an informed consent form to read and sign before starting the interview.</p>

Det finns ett behov av att belysa exempelvis förskollärares och barnskötares perspektiv påmatematik, hur de beskriver att de arbetar med matematik i förskolan. Vi har utgått ifrån ettsociokulturellt perspektiv som teoretiskt perspektiv med fokus på kommunikation,människans utveckling och samspel. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes på en förskoladär sex personer deltog. Resultatet visar att deltagarna har olika erfarenheter av matematik,dock är alla deltagare eniga om att arbetet med matematik på förskolan är viktigt. Deltagarnavar eniga om att det inte finns några nackdelar för barnen med matematikanvändande iförskolan. Mer än hälften av deltagarna uttryckte en önskan om ytterligare kunskaper imatematik till de yngsta barnen på förskolan. Därutöver visar resultatet att det föreligger ettutbildningsbehov som inkluderar såväl ämneskunskaper inom matematik som didaktik. Detsenare handlar om att arbeta med matematik för att främja de yngre barnens lärande. Vidareframgår det i resultatet att matematiska begrepp användes olika mycket av deltagarna, samt påskiftande sätt. Exempelvis framkom det att matematiska begrepp användes dagligen och iform av att räkna samt benämna former med korrekta ord. / There is a need to highlight, for example, preschool teachers and childcare workersperspective on mathematics, how they describe their work with mathematics in kindergarten.We have assumed a sociocultural perspective as a theoretical perspective, focusing oncommunication, human development and interaction. Semi-structured interviews wereconducted in a preschool where six people attended. The results show that participants havedifferent experiences of mathematics, however, all participants agree to work with math inpreschool is important. Participants agreed that there are no disadvantages for children withmath use in preschool. More than half of the participants expressed a desire for furtherknowledge of mathematics to the youngest children at the preschool. In addition, the resultsshow that there is a need for training that includes subject knowledge in mathematicsdidactics. The latter involves working with math to promote the younger children's learning.Furthermore, it appears in the result that the mathematical concepts used different amounts ofthe participants, as well as in various ways. For example, it appeared that mathematicalconcepts are used daily and in the form of counting, and the term forms with the correctwords.

<p>A qualitative descriptive study approach was used to gather the required information. The sample for this study was drawn from an existing group of volunteers who participated in the vaccine trial at Mbeya Medical Research Centre in 2006-2007. A purposive sampling method was used to select respondents because they had had experience of being participants in a HIV vaccine trial. Twenty audio recorded in-depth interviews were conducted. The interviews were conducted at the clinic during their routine follow up visits. An open ended interview guideline was used to guide the discussion to elicit the required information from the respondents. The data was transcribed, translated and then analyzed by both content and thematic approach. Ethical procedures were observed, including getting permission from the local ethical committee in Mbeya region and participants were given an informed consent form to read and sign before starting the interview.</p>

Workplace sedentary behavior has been associated with many chronic diseases. A nine-month study has been initiated to determine participation and benefits of shared treadmill workstations. It would be an advantage to understand factors that would increase the use of these types of workplace interventions aimed at reducing sedentary behavior. To address some of these factors, characteristics of nineteen office workers willing to participate in this study were investigated. Baseline anthropometric measurements were taken. Participants provided seven-day exercise and sleep logs and three-day dietary records. Accelerometers were given to measure energy expenditure, step counts and activity durations. Participants also completed the questionnaires assessing their expectations and perceptions of a workplace intervention. The willing participants were generally overweight and sedentary middle aged individuals with below average daily energy expenditures and they had low fatigue and pain levels, poor sleep quality ratings, and wanted to reduce their sedentary behavior to achieve health benefits.

Workplace sedentary behavior has been associated with many chronic diseases. A nine-month study has been initiated to determine participation and benefits of shared treadmill workstations. It would be an advantage to understand factors that would increase the use of these types of workplace interventions aimed at reducing sedentary behavior. To address some of these factors, characteristics of nineteen office workers willing to participate in this study were investigated. Baseline anthropometric measurements were taken. Participants provided seven-day exercise and sleep logs and three-day dietary records. Accelerometers were given to measure energy expenditure, step counts and activity durations. Participants also completed the questionnaires assessing their expectations and perceptions of a workplace intervention. The willing participants were generally overweight and sedentary middle aged individuals with below average daily energy expenditures and they had low fatigue and pain levels, poor sleep quality ratings, and wanted to reduce their sedentary behavior to achieve health benefits.

Magister Public Health - MPH / A qualitative descriptive study approach was used to gather the required information. The sample for this study was drawn from an existing group of volunteers who participated in the vaccine trial at Mbeya Medical Research Centre in 2006-2007. A purposive sampling method was used to select respondents because they had had experience of being participants in a HIV vaccine trial. Twenty audio recorded in-depth interviews were conducted. The interviews were conducted at the clinic during their routine follow up visits. An open ended interview guideline was used to guide the discussion to elicit the required information from the respondents. The data was transcribed, translated and then analyzed by both content and thematic approach. Ethical procedures were observed, including getting permission from the local ethical committee in Mbeya region and participants were given an informed consent form to read and sign before starting the interview. / South Africa

Researchers have determined that college student-athletes are an underrepresented population when it comes to utilizing college counseling services. Traditional students have appeared for counseling services more so than student-athletes. The primary purpose of this study was to assess the relationships between attitudes toward help seeking behavior and (a) expectations about counseling, (b) athlete status, and (c) gender of respondent among community college students. The study included 195 students at a central Florida community college, 74 student-athletes and 121 non-athlete students. The participants were asked to convey their counseling expectations by completing the Expectations About Counseling-Brief Form. Respondents were also asked to complete the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale to measure their attitudes toward help seeking behavior. Further qualitative data was accumulated during an interview with one student-athlete from each of the five intercollegiate athletic teams. For this study, two hypotheses were considered. First, it was hypothesized that a significant relationship existed between attitudes toward help seeking behavior and expectations about counseling and that expectations about counseling were expected to account for a significant amount of variance in attitudes toward help seeking behavior. Results of the data analyses revealed that respondents' attitudes toward help-seeking behavior correlated significantly with only two of the four counseling expectation factors. A positive correlation was discovered for the factor of Personal Commitment and a negative correlation for the factor of Counselor Expertise. Linear regression analysis supported that expectations about counseling were expected to account for a significant amount of variance in attitudes toward help-seeking behavior. The second hypothesis hypothesized that there would be no statistically significant difference in attitudes toward help-seeking behavior based on athletic participation (student-athlete versus non-athlete students) or gender of respondent. The results of a MANOVA indicated that gender of respondent did have a statistically significant effect on attitudes toward help-seeking behavior; therefore this hypothesis was only partially supported. Based on these findings, implications for counseling student-athletes and non-athlete students are discussed. Interpretations of data analyses are included and study limitations and delimitations are identified. Finally, suggestions for future research are identified and discussed.

Le genre de la téléréalité sert de miroir aux normes et idéologies de la culture contemporaine (Montemurro, 2007). La notion de « réalité » est toutefois remise en question au cours des années 1990, menant à l’émergence d’une nouvelle sous-catégorie de téléréalité : le « gamedoc », où la « prétention au réel » se trouverait dans les actions des participants ordinaires dans des situations plausibles, mais explicitement construites. Nous nous sommes penchés, dans le cadre de cette recherche, sur les séries de compétitions culinaires, étant donné qu’elles représentent une grande partie des « gamedocs », mais aussi en raison de leur sujet central, la nourriture, qui nous a permis d’explorer la dynamique par laquelle les traditions culinaires d’une culture donnée sont représentées à la télévision. Étant donné la place centrale des participants dans le format des « gamedocs », ainsi que la problématique entourant l’approche d’une culture autre que la sienne dans le cadre de compétitions culinaires, la présente étude cherchait à répondre à la question suivante : quel est le rôle des individus participant aux séries de compétitions culinaires dans la manière dont diverses cultures sont représentées à la télévision? Cette question a été abordée à la lumière de la Théorie des représentations sociales telle que proposée par Moscovici. Une étude de cas de l’émission québécoise Les Chefs!, comportant des entretiens et une analyse de contenu d’épisodes donnés, nous a tout d’abord permis de conclure au caractère bidirectionnel du rôle des participants du « gamedoc » culinaire dans la construction des représentations sociales à la télévision, puis d’établir un lien entre la position du participant, soit comme faisant partie de la culture dominante, et ces représentations sociales.

The market of performing art is expanding rapidly; the need for volunteer workers is increasing as well. In this research, we want to explore the relationship among volunteer workers¡¦ motivations, job characteristics, job satisfaction and their intentions to leave. Two hundred and twenty questionnaires were sent to the voluntary members of twenty-four performing art organizations. The total valid questionnaires received are 142, with responding rate equal to 70%. The most important findings are as follows. (1) We found that external egolism is the strongest motivation for volunteer workers; altruism is the weakest one. (2) Although the jobs performed by the volunteers are somewhat important, the skill variety is limited. (3) With respect to the overall job satisfaction, volunteer workers are generally satisfied with their jobs; specifically, respondents are particularly satisfied with their social relationship. (4) With respect to intention to leave, most volunteer workers are willing to stay in their organizations, though the intention to leave varies with demographic attributes. (5) In additions, respondents scored high in altruism, overall job satisfaction, and growth satisfactions are less likely to depart, while perceived social obligations is negative related to intention to leave. (6) Self-interest motives are positive related to job satisfaction. (7) Job characteristic has a positive effect on job satisfaction.