The aim of this study is to increase the understanding of the causes of the first war between Russia and Chechnya. Empirical data consists of four half-structured interviews with former Russian and Chechen war participants that tell about their perspective of the causes of the war between Russia and Chechnya. The study used narrative method and the theoretical framework consists of International Relations theories such as Realism, Geopolitics, Liberalism and Marxism. Geopolitics sees the geostrategic interest, territory as a cause of war. According to realism warfare occurs because of the state’s endeavor after power and influence in term of territory. Liberalism sees political actors and misconceptions between the actors as a main reason behind war. According to Marxism war occurs because of differences between the classes. The capitalists’ volition to control means of production leads to war.   The result of the analysis concludes that theories explanations of war are found in war participants’ narrative about the war.  Chechen participants are more or less agree that geopolitical interests are largely the basis for war. The Russian participants, however, agree that the economic interests and political actors are the basis for war. Thus there is clear difference between the Russian and the Chechen war participants’ ways of looking at the causes of war.

Orientador: Jandira Liria Biscalquini Talamoni / Banca: Mauro Guimarães / Banca: Luciana Maria Lunardi Campos / Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar, junto aos professores de quartas séries do Ensino Fundamental da Região de Bauru, envolvidos no projeto "Aprendendo com a Natureza", quais eram suas necessidades e dificuldades para trabalhar as atividades de educação ambiental propostas no material didático que utilizavam em suas aulas de Ciências (livro "Aprendendo com a Natureza"). Mediante a aplicação de questionários obteve-se o perfil daqueles professores, bem como algum conhecimento sobre as suas expectativas com relação à educação ambiental e à proposta do projeto do Programa Estadual de Microbacias Hidrográficas do Estado de São Paulo, responsável pela distribuição daquele material didático que substituiu em algumas escolas públicas municipais e estaduais o livro didático utilizado nas 4ª séries. Detectaram-se ainda as dificuldades apontadas pelos professores com relação ao uso do livro e ao desenvolvimento das atividades voltadas para a educação ambiental nele proposto. Em vista destes resultados foi realizada uma intervenção, com o intuito de através de uma atuação conjunta investigar e selecionar coletivamente os temas a serem trabalhados com os professores para que se sentissem mais seguros com relação aos conteúdos e às atividades práticas a serem desenvolvidas, ou seja, com relação às suas práticas pedagógicas. Iniciados em maio de 2005, foram realizados dez encontros de 8 horas cada, no Escritório de Desenvolvimento Rural da CATI de Bauru (SP), com a participação de 30 professores e 15 engenheiros agrônomos provenientes dos 15 municípios participantes. Observou-se, ao final do processo, que os educadores puderam ampliar os seus conhecimentos específicos relativos aos temas que foram abordados de forma crítica e reflexiva, e experimentar novas práticas educativas em suas salas de aula e nas atividades de campo, inspiradas nas experiências vivenciadas durante os encontros. / Abstract: The objective of this research was to investigate, witer teachers of the fourth series of the basic education of the Bauru's area, involved at the project "learning with the nature", and how was their necessities and difficulties to work the activies of the Environmental Education proposed in the didact material thotthey used is their science's class (project "learning with the nature"). Through the application of the questionnaires, we can get the profile of those teachers and some acknowledge about theirs expectation with relation of the Environmental Education and at the proposal of the project of the state program of hydrographic micro basin of the São Paulo state which is responsible for the distribution of the didact material that is substituted, in some Public schools municipals and of the state, the didact science book of the 4º class. The analyses of the replies distained permited to detect the difficulties indicated by teachers with relation at the use of those didact materials too and in the development of the activies with relations to the environmental education in these materials proposed. So, in eyesight of these results we opted to include in this study a intervention with the intention of the, through the whole contribute, to investigate and to select in a collective way the subjects a themer to be worked with the teachers to feel themselves securer with relation at the contents and at the practical activies to be developed, that is to say, with relation at it's pedagogical practices. These works in may 2005, were realized ten encounters of eight hours every one, at the development rural's escritories of the CATI of the Bauru (SP) with the participation of the 30 teachers and 15 agronomics engineers, originating from 15 municipal areas. We observed at the end, of the process, that the educations were able to enlarge theirs specific... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Title: Analysis of selected running events Objectives: The goal of this diploma thesis is to analyse participants taking part in particular running competitions and their relationship to running. Furthermore, to obtain information in relation to their lifestyle, education, employment, age, homelife, financial possibilities and training for particular race. Methods: Analysis of participants of running events is done through questionnaires which were handed out electronically on social websites and personally at the place of a competition. Teoretical base has its origin on personal experiences, studied literature and internet sources. Results: Based on results, I came to the conclusion that promoting running competitions primarily via social websites is the most advantageous. Runners who participated at the running event previously already, share their experiences among themselves. They attract more runners to well-organized running competitions and ensure their success this way. Each running event has its runners who differ slightly, for example by age, running equipment etc. The results may serve as a guideline for organisators of running competitions in creating marketing strategy focusing on particular target groups. Results from questionnaires are presented through graphs in analytical part....

La démonstration de la participation des gènes dans la formation des comportements humains est l’une des plus grandes découvertes récentes pour les sciences humaines. La nécessité de trouver une raison génétique et héréditaire comme cause des comportements humains a conduit à l’émergence d’une nouvelle branche de la génétique scientifique baptisée « Génétique du Comportement ». La recherche en génétique du comportement ne limite pas à la simple démonstration de l’importance des facteurs génétiques dans l’étude du comportement, et permet de poser la question de l’action des gènes et des facteurs environnementaux sur le comportement. Pour les sciences humaines, les sciences sociales et la psychologie, l’influence des gènes sur les activités mentales, comportementales et cérébrales de l’homme est un objet d’étude. Ainsi, depuis l’émergence de la génétique du comportement, il est devenu plus facile d’expliquer la manifestation des comportements humains et des maladies mentales. Le domaine très étendu de la génétique du comportement a engendré une multitude de préoccupations morales et sociales ainsi que juridiques. Bien que nombre de ces préoccupations ne soient pas spécifiques à la génétique du comportement, ou même à la génétique, il y a toujours de bonnes raisons d'être conscients d'eux. Les implications politiques d'une base génétique pour les comportements sont très répandues et s’étendent au-delà de la clinique dans les domaines socialement importants de l'éducation, la justice pénale, la procréation et le travail. La nouveauté et le développement considérable de ce nouveau domaine de la génétique expliquent en partie pourquoi les spécialistes de l’éthique sont peu au fait des questions éthiques et juridiques y afférant, notamment en termes de conséquences et de recherches. Cela démontre l’existence de failles profondes, tant au niveau national et international, que dans la protection des participants vulnérables aux examens et aux recherches en génétique comportementale. Le but dans cette thèse est de vérifier juridiquement les risques de discrimination et de stigmatisation, les défis juridiques et les encadrements nécessaires dans le champ d’application des recherches génétiques comportementales à l’égard du public, des droits fondamentaux des sujets concernés et des participants vulnérables ayant des maladies mentales ou une tendance aux comportements qualifiés d’ « antisociaux ». / Demonstrating the involvement of genes in the formation of human behavior is one of the greatest recent discoveries in the human sciences. The need to find a genetic and hereditary reason for human behavior led to the emergence of a new branch of scientific genetics called "Behavioral Genetics". Behavioral genetic research does not limit the simple demonstration of the importance of genetic factors in the study of behavior, and allows asking this question how genes and environmental factors have an effect on behavior. Recently, in the human sciences and psychology, the influence of genes on human mental, behavioral and cerebral activities is widely studied. The extensive field of behavioral genetics has engendered a multitude of moral and social concerns as well as legal issues almost since its inception. Although many of these concerns are not the same as behavioral genetics, or even genetics, there are always good reasons to be aware of them. The political implications of a genetic basis for behaviors are widespread and extend beyond the clinic into areas that are socially important for education, criminal justice, procreation and ultimately for the upbringing of children. The novelty and considerable development of this new area of genetics partly explains why ethics specialists have the right to ignore the ethical and legal issues relating to them, particularly in terms of consequences and research. This demonstrates the existence of profound loopholes, both nationally and internationally, and in the protection of vulnerable participants in behavioral genetics testing and research. The purpose of this thesis is to legally verify the risks of discrimination and stigmatization, legal challenges and frameworks as well as the scope of behavioral genetic research with regard to the public, the fundamental rights of the subjects concerned and the vulnerable participants.

L'objectif principal de cette étude est de déterminer comment les individus impliqués dans le processus de vue comptable, regardent le rôle de l'information comptable dans un environnement économique où les marchés financiers sont dominants. L'étude tente également de déterminer si International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) parti dans l'accomplissement de ce rôle. À cette fin, on compare les perceptions des directeurs financiers, les analystes financiers et les auditeurs de deux environnements de marché très différents, l'Europe comme une variable pour un environnement de marché de capitaux très développés et le Brésil comme une variable pour un environnement de marché des capitaux moins développé. Par le biais d'une enquête, nous voulons déterminer si les producteurs de données comptables (directeurs financiers), les utilisateurs de ces données (analystes financiers) et les contrôleurs de l'information comptable (auditeurs) partagent les mêmes vues sur l'utilité et les objectifs du processus de la comptabilité financière. L'extension de l'étude à plusieurs pays est un des moyens possibles pour déterminer si et comment l'environnement économique affecte l'opinion des personnes interrogées sur des informations comptables. Notre instrument d'enquête a été validé en trois langues (anglais, français et portugais) et utilisé dans six groupes de pays (un pour le Brésil, quatre groupes différents pour les pays européens et un pour les autres participants volontaires). Nous avons utilisé des statistiques descriptives et l'analyse des correspondances multivariée (ACM) pour faire notre analyse et interprétation des résultats. Nos résultats suggèrent que l'activité de nos répondants ont moins d'impact sur leurs réponses que les pays ou ils sont placés. / The main objective of this study is to determine how individuals involved in the accounting process view the role of accounting information in an economic environment where capital markets are dominant. The study also attempts to determine whether International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) play a part in fulfilling this role. To this end, we compare the perceptions of financial officers, financial analysts and auditors from two distinctly different market environments, using Europe as a proxy for a highly developed capital market environment and Brazil as a proxy for a less developed capital market environment. By means of a survey, we want to identify whether producers of accounting data (financial officers), users of that data (financial analysts), and controllers of accounting information (auditors) share the same views on the usefulness and goals of the financial accounting process. Extending the study to several countries is a potential means for determining whether and how the economic environment affects the respondents' views of accounting information. Our survey instrument was validated in three languages (English, French and Portuguese) and applied in six groups of countries (one for Brazil, four distinct groups for European countries and one for other voluntary participants). We used descriptive statistics and multivariate correspondence analysis (MCA) to analyze and interpret the results. Our results suggest that the activity of our respondents has less influence on their answers than the country they work in.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-06-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:11:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_hms_me_bauru.pdf: 2181901 bytes, checksum: 233b101a0ae2b81f82995d648106c5c6 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Secretaria da Educação de SP / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar, junto aos professores de quartas séries do Ensino Fundamental da Região de Bauru, envolvidos no projeto Aprendendo com a Natureza, quais eram suas necessidades e dificuldades para trabalhar as atividades de educação ambiental propostas no material didático que utilizavam em suas aulas de Ciências (livro Aprendendo com a Natureza). Mediante a aplicação de questionários obteve-se o perfil daqueles professores, bem como algum conhecimento sobre as suas expectativas com relação à educação ambiental e à proposta do projeto do Programa Estadual de Microbacias Hidrográficas do Estado de São Paulo, responsável pela distribuição daquele material didático que substituiu em algumas escolas públicas municipais e estaduais o livro didático utilizado nas 4ª séries. Detectaram-se ainda as dificuldades apontadas pelos professores com relação ao uso do livro e ao desenvolvimento das atividades voltadas para a educação ambiental nele proposto. Em vista destes resultados foi realizada uma intervenção, com o intuito de através de uma atuação conjunta investigar e selecionar coletivamente os temas a serem trabalhados com os professores para que se sentissem mais seguros com relação aos conteúdos e às atividades práticas a serem desenvolvidas, ou seja, com relação às suas práticas pedagógicas. Iniciados em maio de 2005, foram realizados dez encontros de 8 horas cada, no Escritório de Desenvolvimento Rural da CATI de Bauru (SP), com a participação de 30 professores e 15 engenheiros agrônomos provenientes dos 15 municípios participantes. Observou-se, ao final do processo, que os educadores puderam ampliar os seus conhecimentos específicos relativos aos temas que foram abordados de forma crítica e reflexiva, e experimentar novas práticas educativas em suas salas de aula e nas atividades de campo, inspiradas nas experiências vivenciadas durante os encontros. / The objective of this research was to investigate, witer teachers of the fourth series of the basic education of the Bauru’s area, involved at the project “learning with the nature”, and how was their necessities and difficulties to work the activies of the Environmental Education proposed in the didact material thotthey used is their science’s class (project “learning with the nature”). Through the application of the questionnaires, we can get the profile of those teachers and some acknowledge about theirs expectation with relation of the Environmental Education and at the proposal of the project of the state program of hydrographic micro basin of the São Paulo state which is responsible for the distribution of the didact material that is substituted, in some Public schools municipals and of the state, the didact science book of the 4º class. The analyses of the replies distained permited to detect the difficulties indicated by teachers with relation at the use of those didact materials too and in the development of the activies with relations to the environmental education in these materials proposed. So, in eyesight of these results we opted to include in this study a intervention with the intention of the, through the whole contribute, to investigate and to select in a collective way the subjects a themer to be worked with the teachers to feel themselves securer with relation at the contents and at the practical activies to be developed, that is to say, with relation at it’s pedagogical practices. These works in may 2005, were realized ten encounters of eight hours every one, at the development rural’s escritories of the CATI of the Bauru (SP) with the participation of the 30 teachers and 15 agronomics engineers, originating from 15 municipal areas. We observed at the end, of the process, that the educations were able to enlarge theirs specific... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

O movimento de Reforma Psiquiátrica trouxe a necessidade de reestruturar os serviços de assistência em saúde mental e para tal a avaliação torna-se prioritária para prestar uma assistência integral e humanizada. Diante desse contexto e considerando que a população brasileira é constituída em sua maioria por negros (pretos e pardos), é fundamental que todas as pesquisas em saúde tenham um recorte racial, a começar pela inserção do quesito raça cor. Desta forma identificando o perfil e as peculiaridades dessa população, garantindo assim a qualidade da assistência com a utilização dos dados encontrados no processo de avaliação. Estudo de caráter descritivo, exploratório e transversal, teve como objetivo: comparar variáveis sociodemográficas relacionadas ao cuidado recebido dos usuários atendidos em CAPSad nos estados AP, MG e SP quanto ao quesito raça/cor. Foram entrevistados 707 usuários atendidos em CAPSad nos estados AP, MG e SP Para o presente estudo foram utilizados: os seguintes instrumentos um questionário de dados sociodemográficos, a Escala de Satisfação SATIS-BR e a Escala de Avaliação da Percepção de Mudança (EMP). Este estudo constatou as seguintes características de variáveis sociodemográficas: predominância da população masculina (57,3%), que se autodeclararam negros (59,4%), solteiros (59,0%), com faixa etária média de 44 anos, sendo o emprego a principal fonte de renda (31,7%) e com renda familiar de até 2 salários mínimos (71,1%). Quanto à escolaridade, apesar de 94,3% saberem ler, a maioria (38,8%) tinham apenas o ensino fundamental incompleto, e somente 5,1% da amostra deste estudo apresentavam nível superior completo ou acima. Os resultados apontaram que sobre o tempo de permanência no serviço os não negros tem 1,7 mais chances de ficarem mais de 6 meses no CAPSad que os negros, controlado os efeitos de alfabetização, escolaridade e renda. Sobre internação os não negros tem 1,6 mais chances de terem sido internados antes do tratamento no CAPS ad que os negros, controlado os efeitos de alfabetização, escolaridade e renda, sobre a visita domiciliar os negros tem 2,4 mais chances de receberem visita que os não negros, controlados os efeitos de alfabetização, escolaridade e renda. Identificou também que negros e não negros estão igualmente satisfeitos e com a mesma percepção de mudança. / The psychiatric reform movement resulted in the restructuring process of metal health services, which aims to provide integral and humanized assistance, prioritizing the evaluation. Given this context and considering that the population in Brazil is made up mostly of black and pardo people, it is essential that every health research consider all the racial aspects, starting with race color. Therefore, it is possible to identify the profile and peculiarities of a certain population, guaranteeing the quality of assistance services offered through the data obtained in the evaluation process. The study made with descriptive, explanatory and transversal aspects, had as a goal to compare sociodemographic variants related to the care offered to the user of Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs (CAPSad), in the states of Amapa (AP), Minas Gerais (MG) and Sao Paulo (SP), considering race/color. 707 users of CAPSad were interviewed in the states of AP, MG and SP. In the study the following instruments were used: a socio demographic questionnaire, the Satisfaction Scale (SATIS-BR), the Scale of Perceived Change (EMP). The sociodemographic variants were characterized by: a larger male population (57,3%), which (59,4%) is self-denominated black, (59,0%) single, with the majority being in the 44 years old range, with the job as main source of income (31,7%), and with a family income equivalent to two times the value of the Brazilian minimum wage (71,1%). As for schooling, while 94,3% can read, the majority (38,8%) didnt complete their basic education, and only 5,1% graduated from college. The results revealed that 1,7 of non-black participants are more likely to be more than 6 months in the CAPSad than the black participants, where the effects of literacy, schooling and income are under control. About hospitalization, non-black participants have 1,6 more chances of being hospitalized before the treatment at the CAPSad than the black participants, where the effects of literacy, schooling and income are under control. About homecare visits (VD), the black participants have 2,4 more change to receive VD than the non-black participants, where the effects of literacy, schooling and income are under control. It was determined that black participants and non-black participants are equally satisfied and have the same perception of change.

This study is a qualitative study on the participants on the Ganga Arti. It does focus on the participants on how they attend, how they express their religious belief and why the ritual is important for them. The study has been done in Varanasi, India, on a period of three months. Also the study has been done on the two ghats Tulsi and Assi. It tries to explain how the ritual can be understand both thru the participants eyes and thru theory. That has been done with both interviews and participant observations. Thru the study it has shown how complex the ritual and ghat is for participants and the society. The study have shown how fieldwork can be done and which considerations can be done. It has also shown that people in Varanasi participant the ganga arti in different ways, the religious beliefs can be different and also how they show it.

Testing a product on users before releasing it on the market can be very rewarding but also costly for companies. Therefore testing products on just the right number of users, that will be enough to include the benefits of the tests while keeping down the costs, would be most beneficial. A common advice means that five participants are enough to include in such tests. This advice is based on research mainly from testing computer-based interfaces on users. Though, how well this advice can be applied when testing physical products on users is less investigated. This thesis has investigated how many participants that are needed when testing physical products on users. A literature study and an analysis of data collected from physical products tested on users were conducted. The results show that using five participants when testing physical products on users cannot be counted on to be enough. The results also show that the number of participants to use, when testing physical products on users, vary.

This thesis deals with the topic of trainee programs in the Czech Republic and focuses on a case study of selected organization, which is FARMTEC a.s. The aim of the work is to provide an overview of trainee programs in the Czech Republic and to evaluate the newly introduced trainee program in FARMTEC a. s. The first part defines the concepts and personnel activities associated with trainee programs. The thesis has two parts. In the first part, on the selected sample of companies and on the basis of the selected criteria, a trainee program analysis is carried out which provides an overview of the current situation in the field of trainee programs. The second part describes and evaluates the newly introduced trainee program at FARMTEC a.s. Based on its evaluation, suggestions for improvements are made, which relate to the promotion, the length and content of the program, the evaluation of the success of the program and its participants.