>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Overweight and Obesity are conditions of excessive fat accumulation in the body of an individual. Due to the growing prevalence of the obesity epidemic, obesity has become a global public health concern. Overweight among South African children is on the increase as many young people now suffer from diseases related to obesity. Given the prevalent conditions of weight gain amongst children, tackling obesity in children should be given greater attention as children are twice at risk of becoming obese in the later stage in life. Such intentional efforts could contribute significantly to reducing public spending in the treatment of noncommunicable disease. This research aimed at understanding the Environmental and Parental Factors Influencing childhood overweight and obesity. The research identified the different factors that were associated with child overweight and obesity in the study area. Besides, the research was aimed at raising awareness of the need to sensitize parents and stakeholders on the factors associated to child obesity and proposed possible recommendations. To achieve these aims, one of the objectives was to statistically evaluate the extent of the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the study area as well as identify the types of food choices available to children. Furthermore, it analyzed dietary intake in households with obese parents and children, to determine the relationships that exist.

The growth of mobile penetration in Africa has seen a rise in marketers seeking new ways of using mobile marketing to improve their business and develop sustainable marketing strategies. An empirical study on BOP consumers living in Khayelitsha, Cape Town, comprising a survey of a sample of 385 respondents, was conducted. The measurement items were assessed through six hypotheses using Structural Equation Modelling with Smart PLS 3 software. The results confirm that there is a significant relationship between social influence and trust, price sensitivity and purchase intention, service quality and trust and lastly, between service quality and satisfaction. The relationship between trust and purchase intention and the relationship between satisfaction and purchase intention are not significant. The relationship between service quality and satisfaction showed the strongest significance amongst the hypotheses, whereas the weakest relationship showing the least significance effect amongst the hypotheses is between satisfaction and purchase intention. Implications of the study suggest that managers should consider the BOP consumer differently when marketing to them as they have different consumer behaviours to other market segments. For future research, more research should be done on the BOP with regard to their adaptions to mobile marketing as this will help marketers to find better marketing strategies for their businesses to better serve this market segment. Recommendations and limitations on mobile marketing adoption within BOP are discussed.

MEdPsych--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: After the apartheid regime of the white minority was dismantled, a new democratically elected government took power for the first time in the history of South Africa. This newly elected government brought new curriculum policies that have completely changed the education system in the country. Among was the Curriculum 2005,which used outcomes based education (OBE) for as the organising principle. The aim of this study is to gain insight in to the experiences of Grade 12 learners who attended a Life Skills programme run by Association for Educational transformation (ASSET). ASSET is a non-governmental organisation that provided supplementary tuition to Grade 11 and 12 learners in the Khayelitsha and Langa Centre. The research methodology was a qualitative case study of Xhosa-speaking boys and girls who were between seventeen and twenty-one years of age. The participants were selected from learners who lived in Khayelitsha and who are attending the Life Skills programme at the centre. The methods used during data collection were interviews, note taking and a literature review. The data analysis was done by using a procedure of content analysis where manageable units of data were coded into categories and themes. These themes and categories were interpreted and matched with the relevant literature. http://scholar.sun.ac.za/ IV The findings of the study suggest that the Life Skills programme run by ASSET helped learners in acquiring life skills that may help them to handle challenges they may face. The learners interviewed for the study indicated that the programme had helped them to deal effectively with challenges such as teenage pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, substance abuse and relationships. In addition, the learners suggested that the programme had expanded their knowledge about careers, tertiary institutions and the field of work. The findings of the study will be used by ASSET for further programme development. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nadat die apartheidsregime van die wit minderheid afgetakel is, het 'n nuutverkose demokratiese regering vir die eerste keer in die geskiedenis van Suid-Afrika die mag oorgeneem. Hierdie nuutverkose regering het nuwe kurrikulumbeleid bepaal wat die onderwysstelsel in die land heeltemal verander het, en onder andere Kurrikulum 2005 en uitkomsgebaseerde onderwys (UGO) vir skole ingesluit het. Hierdie navorsing ondersoek die lewensvaardigheidsprogram vir graad I2-leerders wat deur ASSET by die Khayelitsha Sentrum bedryf word. Die doel van hierdie ondersoek is om insig te kry in die ervaring van graad I2-leerders wat die lewensvaardigheidsprogram van ASSET bygewoon het. Nadat die apartheideidsbewind van die wit minderheidsgroep ontbind is, het 'n nuutverkose demokratiese regering vir die eerste keer in die geskiedenis van Suid-Afrika aan bewind gekom." Die ondersoek is belangrik omdat dit leerders sal help om lewensvaardighede te verwerf wat hulle kan help om vraagstukke wat met MIVNigs, persoonlike probleme, misdaad en geweld, armoede, tienerswangerskap, verhoudings en beroepskeuses verband hou, te hanteer. Die navorsingsmetode was 'n kwalitatiewe gevallestudie met Xhosasprekende seuns en dogters van tussen sewentien en een-en-twintig jaar oud. Die proefpersone is geselekteer uit leerders wat die lewensvaardigheidsprogram by die Sentrum bygewoon het, veral dié wat in Khayelitsha woon, omdat hulle die Sentrum maklik kon bereik. Die metodes wat tydens data-insameling gebruik is, was onderhoude, aantekeninge en literatuuroorsig. Die data-analise is gedoen volgens 'n prosedure van oop kodering waartydens hanteerbare data-eenhede volgens kategorieë en temas gekodeer is. Hierdie temas en kategorieë is geïnterpreteer en met die literatuur vergelyk. Die navorsingsresultate dui daarop dat die lewensvaardigheidsprogram wat deur ASSET bedryf word, leerders gehelp het om lewensvaardighede te verwerf wat hulle kan help om uitdagings te hanteer. Die leerders met wie daar vir die ondersoek onderhoude gevoer is, het aangetoon dat die program hulle gehelp het om uitdagings soos tienerswangerskap, MIV/Vigs, dwelmmisbruik en verhoudings doeltreffend te hanteer. Verder het die leerders aangedui dat die program hulle kennis aangaande beroepe, tersiêre instellings en die wêreld van werk uitgebrei het. Voorstelle met betrekking tot die ondersoek is gemaak.

Thesis (MEdPsyc)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: After the apartheid regime of the white minority was dismantled, a new democratically elected government took power for the first time in the history of South Africa. This newly elected government brought new curriculum policies that have completely changed the education system in the country. Among was the Curriculum 2005,which used outcomes based education (OBE) for as the organising principle. The aim of this study is to gain insight in to the experiences of Grade 12 learners who attended a Life Skills programme run by Association for Educational transformation (ASSET). ASSET is a non-governmental organisation that provided supplementary tuition to Grade 11 and 12 learners in the Khayelitsha and Langa Centre. The research methodology was a qualitative case study of Xhosa-speaking boys and girls who were between seventeen and twenty-one years of age. The participants were selected from learners who lived in Khayelitsha and who are attending the Life Skills programme at the centre. The methods used during data collection were interviews, note taking and a literature review. The data analysis was done by using a procedure of content analysis where manageable units of data were coded into categories and themes. These themes and categories were interpreted and matched with the relevant literature. The findings of the study suggest that the Life Skills programme run by ASSET helped learners in acquiring life skills that may help them to handle challenges they may face. The learners interviewed for the study indicated that the programme had helped them to deal effectively with challenges such as teenage pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, substance abuse and relationships. In addition, the learners suggested that the programme had expanded their knowledge about careers, tertiary institutions and the field of work. The findings of the study will be used by ASSET for further programme development. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nadat die apartheidsregime van die wit minderheid afgetakel is, het 'n nuutverkose demokratiese regering vir die eerste keer in die geskiedenis van Suid-Afrika die mag oorgeneem. Hierdie nuutverkose regering het nuwe kurrikulumbeleid bepaal wat die onderwysstelsel in die land heeltemal verander het, en onder andere Kurrikulum 2005 en uitkomsgebaseerde onderwys (UGO) vir skole ingesluit het. Hierdie navorsing ondersoek die lewensvaardigheidsprogram vir graad I2-leerders wat deur ASSET by die Khayelitsha Sentrum bedryf word. Die doel van hierdie ondersoek is om insig te kry in die ervaring van graad I2-leerders wat die lewensvaardigheidsprogram van ASSET bygewoon het. Nadat die apartheideidsbewind van die wit minderheidsgroep ontbind is, het 'n nuutverkose demokratiese regering vir die eerste keer in die geskiedenis van Suid-Afrika aan bewind gekom." Die ondersoek is belangrik omdat dit leerders sal help om lewensvaardighede te verwerf wat hulle kan help om vraagstukke wat met MIVNigs, persoonlike probleme, misdaad en geweld, armoede, tienerswangerskap, verhoudings en beroepskeuses verband hou, te hanteer. Die navorsingsmetode was 'n kwalitatiewe gevallestudie met Xhosasprekende seuns en dogters van tussen sewentien en een-en-twintig jaar oud. Die proefpersone is geselekteer uit leerders wat die lewensvaardigheidsprogram by die Sentrum bygewoon het, veral dié wat in Khayelitsha woon, omdat hulle die Sentrum maklik kon bereik. Die metodes wat tydens data-insameling gebruik is, was onderhoude, aantekeninge en literatuuroorsig. Die data-analise is gedoen volgens 'n prosedure van oop kodering waartydens hanteerbare data-eenhede volgens kategorieë en temas gekodeer is. Hierdie temas en kategorieë is geïnterpreteer en met die literatuur vergelyk. Die navorsingsresultate dui daarop dat die lewensvaardigheidsprogram wat deur ASSET bedryf word, leerders gehelp het om lewensvaardighede te verwerf wat hulle kan help om uitdagings te hanteer. Die leerders met wie daar vir die ondersoek onderhoude gevoer is, het aangetoon dat die program hulle gehelp het om uitdagings soos tienerswangerskap, MIV/Vigs, dwelmmisbruik en verhoudings doeltreffend te hanteer. Verder het die leerders aangedui dat die program hulle kennis aangaande beroepe, tersiêre instellings en die wêreld van werk uitgebrei het. Voorstelle met betrekking tot die ondersoek is gemaak.

Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The upsurge in the number of public protests in most South African municipalities, including the City of Cape Town, continues unabated. While public protest is a democratic right, provided for in the Constitution (RSA 1996), the violent nature and persistence of protests at municipal level are a cause for concern. The associated violence often leads to the destruction of both public and private property, disruptions in economic activities, loss of lives and severe injuries to innocent victims. The prevalence of public protests continues despite the fact that the new democratic dispensation ushered in a paradigm geared for transforming local government from a racially-segregated institution into a democratic and autonomous sphere of government, with a broad developmental mandate. This new dispensation gave birth to the “invited spaces” of participation, which are aimed at providing scope for the public to influence, direct, control and own the development and decision-making processes. In order to determine factors that contribute to public protests in Khayelitsha the study adopted a qualitative research paradigm. Personal interviews, focus group discussion and participatory observation were some of the research methods used to collect primary data. The study indicates that lack of authentic and empowering public participation opportunities in the decision-making processes of the City of Cape Town alienates the public and leads to public disengagement from available municipal processes. It has been during this period of alienation that the public have been “inventing own spaces” of participation, in the form of public protests demanding that public voices be heard. The study also indicates that poverty, unemployment and glaring gaps of social inequality, reinforced by comparison to available examples in the neighbourhood, are root causes of public protests. The new public participation model that has been developed from this research should be adopted by South African municipalities as an essential public participation strategy. It empowers the public to negotiate a new “social contract” with the authorities primarily based on the public’s terms. It is only when authentic and empowering public participation is practised by municipalities that violent public protests can be minimised. Such authentic and empowering public participation provides latitude for the public to influence, direct, control and even own their “own” development and decision-making processes. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die toename in voorvalle van openbare protes in byna alle Suid-Afrikaanse munisipale gebiede, insluitend die van die Stad Kaapstad, duur onverpoosd voort. Terwyl openbare protes weliswaar ’n demokratiese reg is wat in die Grondwet (RSA 1996) verskans word, is die huidige ingeburgerde en gewelddadige aard daarvan rede tot ernstige kommer. Hierdie gewelddadigheid lei dikwels tot vernietiging van sowel openbare as private eiendom. Ook ekonomiese aktiwiteite word ontwrig; daar is lewensverlies en ernstige beserings aan onskuldige slagoffers . Die hoë voorkoms van openbare protes duur voort, ondanks die feit dat die nuwe demokratiese bestel ’n paradigmaskuif ten gunste van transformasie in die plaaslike regeringstelsel beteken het. Alles was in plek om weg te beweeg van rasgesegregeerde instellings na ’n demokratiese, outonome regeringsfeer met ’n breë, ontwikkelingsgedrewe mandaat. Hierdie nuwe bedeling het “genooide ruimtes” vir deelname geskep, wat geleentheid sou skep om invloed en rigtinggewende beheer te verkry oor daardie prosesse van besluitneming wat deelnemers se eie lewens raak. Om die faktore te bepaal wat tot openbare protes in Khayelitsha bydra, is ’n kwalitatiewe navorsingsparadigma gekies. Persoonlike onderhoud, fokusgroepbespreking en deelnemende waarneming is van die navorsingsmetodes wat ingespan is om primêre data te versamel. Hierdie navorsingstudie het bevind dat, ondanks die “genooide ruimtes”, daar steeds ’n gebrek aan egte en bemagtigende openbare deelnemingsgeleenthede in die besluitnemingsproses van die Stad Kaapstad bestaan, en dat dit die publiek vervreem en daartoe lei dat burgers hul aan die beskikbare deelnemingsgeleenthede onttrek. Gedurende hierdie periode van vervreemding het die publiek van Khayelitsha hulle eie “geskepde ruimtes” ontwikkel. Dit was gegiet in die vorm van openbare protes, waar die stemme van die algemene publiek gehoor kon word. Die studie het ook aangedui dat armoede, werkloosheid en opvallende voorbeelde van sosiale ongelykheid (te vinde in die onmiddellike omgewing) aanleidende faktore vir protesaksie was. Die nuwe openbare deelnemingsmodel wat uit die navorsing ontwikkel is, kan aan alle Suid-Afrikaanse munisipaliteite ’n onontbeerlike geleentheid bied om ’n doeltreffende openbare deelnemingstrategie te ontwikkel. Dit bemagtig die publiek om ’n nuwe onderhandelde “maatskaplike kontrak” met die owerhede, hoofsaaklik op die publiek se terme, te sluit. Slegs wanneer die publiek aan egte, bemagtigende openbare deelname blootgestel word, sal daar sprake van ’n vertrouensverhouding met die owerhede wees en sal gewelddadige protesaksie tot die minimum beperk kan word. Sodanige egte en bemagtigende openbare deelname skep ruimte vir die publiek om hulle “eie” ontwikkeling te beïnvloed en mede-beheer te bekom oor die besluitnemingsprosesse wat daarmee gemoeid is.

Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / Cape Town’s growing economy has benefited greatly from its natural resources. The city boasts the unique Table Mountain; Blue Flag beaches; and the distinctive fynbos of the Cape Floral Kingdom, all of which have contributed considerably to the revenue generated by the tourism industry. Even though the city’s economy appears robust, many people living in townships on the Cape Flats continue to face a reality of being trapped in a state of deprivation; unable to access those natural resources as a means to make a living; and unable to cope with shocks, trends and seasonality in a dynamic, vulnerable society plagued by inequitable distribution of wealth and environmental degradation. Yet, while access to financial, natural (and other) assets is limited, poor people can rely upon their social assets – or Social Capital (SC) in order to make a living. This case study explores the three types of Social Capital – (i) Bonding SC (between project beneficiaries), (ii) Bridging SC (between project beneficiaries and implementing agents) and (iii) Linking SC (between implementing agents and local government organs) – in an attempt to understand their impact on the livelihoods of project beneficiaries involved in the Khayelitsha-based Siyazama Community Allotment Gardening Association (SCAGA). This was done with the purpose of enabling development practitioners, government officials and local people to work together to plan sustainable initiatives that enhance peoples’ quality of life. Although case studies have been criticised by some authors as lacking scientific rigor and do not address generalisability, this study employed a case study approach due to its appropriateness when dealing with a small number of participants and the specific context of their complex real-life activities in great depth. By taking a post-positivistic stance, the researcher was able to appreciate the different constructions and meanings that people place upon their life experiences.

Thesis (MAdmin)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis attempts to provide alternative solutions to housing and developmental problems faced by the government in South Africa's urban/metropolitan areas in general and in Khayelitsha in particular. The root causes of the problems have been identified and linked to urbanisation-related government policies of the past. The Group Areas "urban model of development" influenced the planning, management and development (spatial policies) in the urban/metropolitan areas. The rural-urban migration process through the migrant labour system during the industrialisation period was engineered by the "Corporate State" and consolidated by the introduction of tax systems and laws regulating land ownership by the African people (Natives). These have impoverished the African people both in rural and urban/metropolitan areas. The existing gap in development between rural and urban/metropolitan areas, in particular in the peri-urban areas, is evident in persistent poverty and unemployment as effects of the conditions which generate increased migration. In this context, Khayelitsha is used as a case study to illustrate study variables (urban policies and management, rapid urbanisation and their impact on housing and development) at grassroots level. Comparison is made undertaken between South African housing and developmental problems and those of other developing countries. Tanzania and Zimbabwe as African countries and former British Colonies (African connection) have been chosen for this purpose. Data were gathered through questionnaires, interviews and participatory observation. This makes the study objective, but also subjective. The research concludes that there is a need to devote more resources to rural development programmes accompanied by decentralisation strategies. This will help to reduce the gap between rural and urban development. It is hoped that the information contained in this thesis will provide a basic background to meet the social and economic challenges by addressing housing and developmental problems, in Khayelitsha in particular and South Africa in general. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie tesis word daar gepoog om moontlike oplossings te vind vir die behuisings en ontwikkelingsprobleme wat deur die Suid-Afrikaanse regering en stedelike/metropolitaanse gebiede oor die algemeen en Khayelitsha in die besonder ondervind word. Die kernoorsake van die probleme word geïdentifiseer en verbind aan die vorige regering se verstedelikingsbeleide. Beplanning, bestuur en ontwikkeling (ruimtelike beleide) in die stedelike/metropolitaanse gebiede is beïnvloed deur die Groepsgebiede-model vir stedelike ontwikkeling. Die landelike-stedelike migrasieproses, geïnisieer deur die trekarbeidstelsel gedurende die industrialiseringsera, is deur die "Korporatiewe Staat" bewerkstellig en gekonsolideer deur die instelling van belastingstelsels en wette ter regulering van grondbesit deur swart mense. Dit het gelei tot die verarming van swart mense in landelike en stedelike/metropolitaanse gebiede. Die bestaande gaping in ontwikkeling tussen landelike en stedelike gebiede, in die besonder in buitestedelike gebiede, blyk duidelik uit gevestigde armoede en werkloosheid as uitvloeisels van die omstandighede wat tot toenemende migrasie lei. In hierdie konteks is Khayelitsha gebruik as 'n gevallestudie om die studieveranderlikes (stedelike beleide, stedelike bestuur, snelle verstedeliking en die impak daarvan op behuising en ontwikkeling) op voetsoolvlak te illustreer. Vergelykings is getref ten einde Suid-Afrikaanse behuisings- en ontwikkelingsprobleme met ander ontwikkelende lande te vergelyk. Vir die doel is Tanzanië en Zimbabwe as Afrikalande en eertydse Britse kolonies (Afrika-konneksie) gekies. Data is ingesamel deur middel van vraelyste, onderhoude en deelnemende waarneming. Dit het daartoe gelei dat die studie nie alleen objektief nie, maar ook subjektief is. Die studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat meer hulpbronne tesame met desentraliseringstrategieë gerig op landelike ontwikkelingsprogramme benodig word. Dit sal bydra tot vernouing van die gaping tussen landelike en stedelike ontwikkeling. Daar word derhalwe gehoop dat die inligting vervat in hierdie tesis basiese agtergrond sal verskaf om die sosiale en ekonomiese uitdagings die hoof te bied deur die bestaande behuisings - en ontwikkelingsprobleme in Khayelitsha in die besonder en Suid-Afrika oor die algemeen aan te spreek.

Thesis (MAdmin)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Apartheid statutes like the former Group Areas Act created what is referred as "Apartheid Dormitory Cities". Khayelitsha is a typical creation of apartheid. As a result Khayelitsha faces many socio-economic challenges such as poverty, low standard of living characterised by low income distribution or no income, high rate of unemployment, illiteracy, education problems, housing problems, health problems and poor economic conditions. Attempts were made to create civic associations and development structures to deal with socio-economic challenges in Khayelitsha, but all those attempts never brought about development solutions. The Khayelitsha community tends to have a poor participatory planning role in development related issues. Khayelitsha as an apartheid legacy city will take a long time to dismantle in social, economic and purely practical terms. Rebuilding Khayelitsha equitably will be a tough exercise. The government strives to develop South Africa from a society of racially based compartmentalisation into a non-racial, developed country with equal opportunities, better education, health, housing and employment.These challenges are Khayelitsha's major problems which cannot be solved overnight. The problem faced is the re-integration of the separated zones of the former group areas. This makes it difficult to share the economic resources that are needed in Khayelitsha in order to solve its socio-economic problems. The integration of cities will only come about if the restructuring is in accordance with specific needs of the Khayelitsha community. People of Khayelitsha should be involved in the planning of their own city and be able to make informed decisions. The objective of this thesis is to analyse related development issues and challenges in Khayelitsha and to provide possible solutions contributing to development. Government and development agencies can draw lessons from the recommendations of this thesis and come up with sustainable and people-centred development-related strategies. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Eertydse Apartheidswetgewing soos die herroepte Groepsgebiedewet as een van die wetgewende elemente van die Apartheidsperiode, was verantwoordelik vir die skepping van sogenaamde "apartheidslaapdorpe". Khayelitsha kan beskou word as 'n tipiese voorbeeld en skepping van so 'n "slaapdorp" as gevolg van Apartheid. As direkte resultaat hiervan ervaar Khayeltisha talle sosio-ekonomiese uitdagings soos armoede, lae lewenstandaarde gekenmerk deur huishoudings met lae inkomste verdelings en in sommige gevalle geen inkomstes, hoë werkloosheid, ongeletterdheid, onderwysprobleme, behuisingsprobleme, gesondheidsprobleme en algemene swak ekonomiese omstandighede. Pogings is wel in die verlede aangewend om burgerlike organisasies in Khayelitsha van stapel te stuur, maar hierdie pogings het daarin gefaal om werklike en meetbare ontwikkelingsoplossings te bewerkstellig. Die Khayelitsha gemeenskap vervul 'n beperkte deelnemende beplanningsrol in ontwikkelinggebaseerde aangeleenthede. In praktyk sal Khayelitsha, as apartheidstad, lank neem om volwaardig te ontluik in terme van sosiale-, ekonomiese-, en verwante aanwysers en sal die regverdige en verteenwoordigende heropbouingsproses nie sonder struikelblokke ervaar word nie. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Regering strewe daarna om die land te ontwikkel vanaf 'n samelewing gekenmerk deur rasgebaseerde kompartementalisering na 'n nie-rasgebonde gemeenskap met gelyke geleenthede in terme van onderwys, gesondheid, behuising en werksgeleenthede. Hierdie aangeleenthede vorm deel van die uitdagings wat Khayelitsha in die oog staar. Oplossings sal nie sommer oornag gevind word nie. Die probleem wat oorkom moet word is die herintegrasie van aparte sones as gevolg van eertydse geskepte groepsgebiede. As gevolg hiervan is dit moeilik om ekonomiese hulpbronne, wat dringend in Khayelitsha benodig word, te herverdeel en te versprei ten einde die omvangryke sosio-ekonomiese probleem te verlig. Die integrasie van stede en spesifiek Khayelitsha, sal alleenlik suksesvol wees indien die herstruktueringsproses plaasvind met inagneming van die spesifieke benodighede en tekortkominge van die gemeenskap. Die gemeenskap van Khayelitsha moet betrek word in die beplanning van hul eie stad en deurgaans deel vorm van effektiewe konsultasie ten einde ingeligde besluite te kan maak, iets wat tans ontbreek.

This research study explored the process in the development of theTeacher Support Team in assisting teachers of learners with special educational needs in the mainstream classroom. This research was conducted in the context of the restructuring of the South African Education system. The Policy Document White Paper 6 (2001) states that all learners irrespective of the barriers to learning and development have a right to be educated in the ordinary school, together with their peers.

Masters in Public Administration - MPA / The historic social and economic inequalities had a negative impact on majority of young children in South Africa. This dates back to post-apartheid era where the development of young children. of some previously disadvantaged communities, has been weakened by inadequate access to health care, quality education, social service and quality nutrition. The present study evaluated the progress made on the implementation of the National Development Plan (NDP) 2030 using a case study of Early Childhood Development (ECO) centres in Site-B Township based in Khayelitsha. To support the notion of "leaving no one behind and universal access to education", the study used a Humanistic Approach Theory Framework and Human Capital Approach to determine the current status of the formalisation of the ECD centres, infrastructure and equipment, basic service delivery as well as safety at the ECD centres in Site-B. The study adopted a qualitative research design using a semi structured face-to-face interview schedules with respondents. Purposive sampling was applied to select the critical case perceived useful for the study. It comprised of 20 respondents, all principals or owners of the selected ECD centres. ECD centres were selected from the database obtained from the Department of Social Development (DSD) and the Department of Basic Education (DBE). From the samples, the study revealed that even though a lot has been done by different stakeholders to support Early Childhood Development, learning centres located in historically disadvantaged areas such as Site-B still face a number of challenges. Key among them are: challenges to comply with the registration process and lack of trained and skilled teachers; inadequate funding to meet compliance standards; insufficient infrastructure and educational equipment and lack of support for ECO safety and security measures and health related emergencies.