Bakgrund.I logopedisk röstbehandling vid könsdysfori får personer hjälp med att hitta en röst som motsvarar deras könsidentitet. Akustiska egenskaper så som grundton, intonation, röststyrka, artikulation och resonans har visat sig påverka uppfattningen av könstillhörighet. Genom att anpassa dessa akustiska aspekter uppnås förändringar i rösten som oftast styrs i en feminiserande eller maskuliniserande riktning. Det finns personer med könsdysfori som önskar en mer könsneutral röst. Kunskap saknas om vilka akustiska egenskaper som utmärker röster som uppfattas otydligt feminint respektiveotydligt maskulint.Syfte. Studiens syfte var att undersöka vilka akustiska egenskaper som utmärker kvinnoröster som har skattats ungefär lika högt feminint som maskulint i lyssnarbedömning samt att jämföra dessa röster med kvinnoröster som skattats högt feminint och lågt maskulint. Studien avsåg också att undersöka mansröster som skattats ungefär lika högt maskulint som feminint i lyssnarbedömning och jämföra dessa röster med mansröster som skattats högt maskulint och lågt feminint.Metod. Studien omfattade 24 röster som valdes utgående från hur de hade uppfattats av lyssnare. Akustiska mått som undersöktes var max- och medelvärde för grundton, variation i grundton, formantfrekvenser, bandbredder för vokaler i betonade stavelser samt avstånd i F2 mellan /u/ och /i/ och /u/ och /a/. Resultat. Resultatet visade att uppfattningen av femininitet och maskulinitet är ett resultat av flera olika aspekter i rösten. Störst skillnader mellan kvinnorösterna som jämfördes och mansrösterna som jämfördes fanns i grundton, variation i grundton samt i avstånd i andra formantfrekvensen mellan /u/ och /i/. Slutsatser. Huruvida en röst uppfattas i grad av femininitet och maskulinitet är en kombination av flera olika akustiska aspekter. Kvinnoröster som i lyssnarbedömning uppfattas lägst feminint har lägre grundton, mindre variation i grundton, lägre formantfrekvenser samt ett mindre avstånd mellan /u/ och /i/ i F2 jämfört med kvinnoröster som uppfattas högt feminint. Mansröster som i lyssnarbedömning uppfattas som lägst maskulint visade högre värden i grundton, mer variation i grundton och ett större avstånd mellan /u/ och /i/ i F2 jämfört med mansröster som uppfattas högt maskulint.Nyckelord. Femininitet, maskulinitet, röst, könsdysfori, akustiska egenskaper / Uppfattningar av femininitet och maskulinitet i röster

Despite the existence of extensive literature regarding risk management, there still seems to be lack of knowledge in identification of Critical Success Factors (CSFs) in this area. In this research Grounded Theory is implemented to identify CSFs in Risk Management Systems (RMS). Factor analysis and one-sample t-test are then used to refine and rank the CSFs based on the results of a survey which has been performed among Risk Management practitioners in various types of Swedish corporations. CSFs are defined from three different perspectives: (a) the factors that have influence on the inclination and readiness of corporation for implementing RMS. (b) the factors that are important during the design and implementation of RMS in corporation and can significantly affect the success of RMS design and implementation and (c) the factors that are crucially important to successfully run, maintain and administrate RMS after the closure of the project of RMS design and Implementation. This systematic approach towards understanding the taxonomy of the success dimension in RMS is important for re-enforcing effective risk management practices.

Background Advances in medical treatment during the last 50 years have resulted in more individuals with congenital heart disease (CHD) and Marfan syndrome reaching childbearing age. The substantial physiological changes during pregnancy result in a high-risk situation, and pregnancy is a major concern in women with these conditions. Aims To describe the socio-demographic characteristics, birth characteristics and reproductive patterns of individuals with CHD and women with Marfan syndrome. To investigate obstetric and neonatal outcomes in the firstborn children of individuals with CHD and women with Marfan syndrome. To study long-term cardiovascular outcomes after childbirth in women with Marfan´syndrome. Methods The studies are population-based register studies. The study population in the first paper included all women born between 1973 and 1983 who were alive and resident in Sweden at the age of 13 (494 692 women, of whom 2 216 were women with CHD). In the second paper, the same definition of the study population was chosen, except that it involved all men born between 1973 and 1983 (522 216 men, of whom 2 689 men with CHD). The third and fourth papers involved a study population of all Swedish women born between 1973 and 1993 who were still living in Sweden at age 13. This population consisted of 1 017 538 women, 273 of whom had been diagnosed with Marfan syndrome. Results and conclusions The individuals studied were more often born preterm, and were small-for-gestational age babies. They were more likely to have been born by cesarean section. In women with CHD, these characteristics were repeated in their firstborn children. No increased risks were found in children of men with CHD or in children of women with Marfan syndrome. There was no increased risk of aortic dissection in women with Marfan syndrome during pregnancy compared to women with Marfan syndrome who did not give birth. Higher frequencies of cardiac arrhythmia and valvular heart disease were found after childbirth in women with Marfan syndrome. Pregnancy in women with CHD is a high-risk situation associated with increased risk of adverse neonatal outcomes for the expected child. Pregnancy in women without CHD, but where the father has CHD is not so associated with increased risk of adverse obstetric or neonatal outcomes. Pregnancy in women with Marfan syndrome is not associated with adverse outcomes for the expected child.

In this thesis, we report the findings of designing data export functionality in Uppsala University Psychosocial Care Program (U-CARE) at Uppsala University. The aim of this thesis was to explore the design space for generic data export functionality in data centric clinical research applications for data analysis. This was attained by the construction and evaluation of a prototype for a data-centric clinical research application. For this purpose Action Design Research (ADR) was conducted, situated in the domain of clinical research. The results consist of a set of design principles expressing key aspects needed to address when designing data export functionality. The artifacts derived from the development and evaluation process each one constitutes an example of how to design for data export functionality of this kind.