Submitted by Leonardo Lima (leonardoperlim@gmail.com) on 2016-04-25T13:43:42Z No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 9 bytes, checksum: 42dd12a06de379d3ffa39b67dc9c7aff (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Entre humanos, deuses e plantas.pdf: 5693423 bytes, checksum: d3411ba574caf6f6e01191fc7abf7fe8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-04-26T14:09:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 9 bytes, checksum: 42dd12a06de379d3ffa39b67dc9c7aff (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Entre humanos, deuses e plantas.pdf: 5693423 bytes, checksum: d3411ba574caf6f6e01191fc7abf7fe8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-04-26T14:14:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 9 bytes, checksum: 42dd12a06de379d3ffa39b67dc9c7aff (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Entre humanos, deuses e plantas.pdf: 5693423 bytes, checksum: d3411ba574caf6f6e01191fc7abf7fe8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:15:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 9 bytes, checksum: 42dd12a06de379d3ffa39b67dc9c7aff (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Entre humanos, deuses e plantas.pdf: 5693423 bytes, checksum: d3411ba574caf6f6e01191fc7abf7fe8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-10 / Sem bolsa / Esta dissertação apresenta informações a respeito das experiências vivenciadas em campo sobre a dimensão da práxis e as perspectivas Mbyá Guarani no mundo de conhecimentos e reciprocidades entre humanos, Deuses e plantas (‗sementes verdadeiras‘ e crioulas) nas tekoa (aldeias) do litoral do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Nesse contexto, buscou-se acompanhar e registrar as sabedorias e atividades desempenhadas pelos Mbyá Guarani, principalmente por intermédio de dois interlocutores, sobre a manutenção das suas kokue (roças) na atualidade. Assim, estão demonstradas aquelas atividades desempenhadas pelo grupo, por meio de seus relatos, quando os mesmos detinham o manejo de espaços maiores e ambientalmente constituídos de mata nativa. Esse trabalho também foi construído em torno das relações atuais que alguns Mbyá Guarani, localizados no contexto do empreendimento de duplicação da rodovia BR-116, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, têm vivenciado nas trocas de ‗regimes de conhecimentos‘ e sementes crioulas ocorridas com a Embrapa (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária), visando a diversificação dos cultivos agrícolas desse coletivo. A pesquisa concebida junto ao grupo ganha importância diante das atuais condições ambientais e fundiárias da maior parte das aldeias Mbyá Guarani, que têm vivenciado diversas dificuldades para a manutenção das kokue, fundamentais para a obtenção alimentar do corpoespírito Mbyá Guarani e manutenção da natureza-cultura do grupo. Deste modo, é fundamental a compreensão da ontologia implicada na conservação, segundo as perspectivas Mbyá, das ‗sementes verdadeiras‘, assim como as sementes crioulas, para que se possa, entre outras coisas, embasar e formular políticas públicas com o intuito de minimizar as atuais dificuldades vividas pelo grupo. / The present dissertation reveals information related to field experiences collected on Mbyá Guarani praxis dimension and perspectives in the world of knowledge and reciprocity among human beings, Gods and plants (―real seeds‖ and landraces) found in tekoa (indigenous settlements) located at Rio Grande do Sul (RS) coastal region. As part of this context, the wisdom and practices, mainly from two Mbyá Guarani persons, on the kokue maintenance were followed and registered as performed now and at the time the indigenous group had greater areas where native forests were found. The work also relates the relationship the Mbyá Guarani located by the BR 116 federal highway, under duplication, have established at this time with Embrapa (Brazilian Agricultural Research Enterprise) on ‗knowledge strategies‘ and landrace seeds in dealing with the Guarani cropping diversity. The work gains in relative importance due to current land and environmental conditions found at the Guarani settlements, which make it difficult the kokue maintenance, what is of paramount importance to feed the Mbyá Guarani body-spirit, keeping their natureculture. Under these assumptions, is of fundamental importance the undertanding of the ontology linked to the conservation of what is considered ‗real seeds‘ as well as landrace seeds, under the Mbyá perspective, in order to better design public policies to minimize the adverse reality the group is living.

This thesis in its theoretical part summarizes international knowledge of the problematics of expert systems and their application in automotive diagnostics. In the practical part it solves the methodology and selection of appropriate expert system for the development of diagnostic application. This issue is further elaborated by the methodology of an expert´s knowledge transfer into the knowledge database and creating application for its use within the Windows, Web and Android platforms. Beside the working out the product itself it also provides instructions for others who are interested in preparing similar applications and topic for the future development of the already prepared tool.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This study investigated the effect of an Argumentation Instructional Model (AIM) on the preservice teachers‘ ability to implement a Science-IK Curriculum in selected South African schools. I examined what instructional practices the pre-service teachers engage in when they introduce scientific explanation and whether those practices influence learners‘ ability to construct scientific explanations during a natural science unit of a South African school curriculum. My study began with a pilot study of 16 pre-service science teachers who completed a B.Ed university module, Science for Teaching, which included an IK component. Data collection for main study took place from 2010 to 2011, and used questionnaires, face-to-face and reflective interview protocols, case studies, lesson plans and classroom observation schedules. I took videos and audios of each of the pre-service teacher‘s enactment of the focal lesson on argumentation and then coded the videotape for different instructional practices. The study investigated firstly, what currently informed teachers‘ thinking, knowledge and action of IK. Secondly, the research questioned how teachers interpreted and implemented IK in the science classroom. A sample of the three pre-service teachers were followed into their classrooms to investigate how they specifically implemented Learning Outcome Three using argumentation instruction as a mode of instruction and what approaches relevant to the inclusion of IK were developed. The study found that the three pre-service teachers used three very different approaches through which IK was brought in the science curriculum. An assimilationist approach, that brings IK into science by seeking how best IK fits into science. A segregationist approach that holds IK side-by-side with scientific knowledge. Lastly, an integrationist approach makes connections between IK and science. The approaches developed by the pre-service teachers were found to be informed by their biographies, values, cultural backgrounds and worldviews. Meticulously, the study explored how shifts were being made from a theoretical phase at the university where the pre-service teachers engaged IK to an actual phase of implementation in their school science classrooms. Finally, I attempted to explain why the pre-service teachers interpreted and implemented IK in the way they did. / South Africa

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This study investigated the effect of an Argumentation Instructional Model (AIM) on the preservice teachers‘ ability to implement a Science-IK Curriculum in selected South Africanschools. I examined what instructional practices the pre-service teachers engage in when they introduce scientific explanation and whether those practices influence learners‘ ability to construct scientific explanations during a natural science unit of a South African school curriculum. My study began with a pilot study of 16 pre-service science teachers who completed a B.Ed university module, Science for Teaching, which included an IK component. Data collection for main study took place from 2010 to 2011, and used questionnaires, face-to-face and reflective interview protocols, case studies, lesson plans and classroom observation schedules. I took videos and audios of each of the pre-service teacher‘s enactment of the focal lesson on argumentation and then coded the videotape for different instructional practices. The study investigated firstly, what currently informed teachers‘ thinking, knowledge and action of IK. Secondly, the research questioned how teachers interpreted and implemented IK in the science classroom. A sample of the three pre-service teachers were followed into their classrooms to investigate how they specifically implemented Learning Outcome Three using argumentation instruction as a mode of instruction and what approaches relevant to the inclusion of IK were developed. The study found that the three pre-service teachers used three very different approaches through which IK was brought in the science curriculum. An assimilationist approach, that brings IK into science by seeking how best IK fits into science. A segregationist approach that holds IK side-by-side with scientific knowledge. Lastly, an integrationist approach makes connections between IK and science. The approaches developed by the pre-service teachers were found to be informed by their biographies, values, cultural backgrounds and worldviews. Meticulously, the study explored how shifts were being made from a theoretical phase at the university where the pre-service teachers engaged IK to an actual phase of implementation in their school science classrooms. Finally, I attempted to explain why the pre-service teachers interpreted and implemented IK in the way they did.

This thesis focuses on the concept of learning organizations. The aim of this work is to introduce readers to this concept and to explain basic theoretical background, which will be subsequently applied to a practical example. All work can be divided thematically into two parts. The first part will be devoted to the theory of learning organization, introduction to basic concepts and disciplines on which the principle of a learning organization is built. The second section will discuss the practical side. Selected law office will be subjected to analysis. The results will assess the level of the learning organization, which the law office reaches. Following will be recommended steps to achieve a higher level if possible.

M. Tech. (Department of Visual Arts and Design, Faculty of Human Sciences),Vaal University of Technology. / The sangoma cloth is one of the objects which the Zulu people use to utilised in terms of culture and tradition and still is significant amongst African diviners. Initially, sangomas (traditional healers/diviners) dressed in animal skin, but because of the lack or deficiency of the animal skin, the cloth substituted the skin. The cloth carries a wealth of sacred symbolism and meanings which have been constructed by the sangoma community to best fit or describe the symbolic meanings and the potencies embedded in them. However, such cultural artefacts and symbols change over time, and new ones emerge through cultural practice. Therefore, the tension between conserving the religious and sacred, on the one hand, and the emerging, context and contingency based development on the other leads to problems of acceptability, authorized use and sanctified adaptation. This project explores the symbolism in the meaning and function of the sangoma sacred cloth which forms part of the sangoma dress code. It sets out three sets of interwoven binaries or tensions. Firstly, it explores the tensions between the liminal of ritual practices, and the liminoid (following Turner 1969), so that the second set of tensions, namely between the sacred and the profane (or secular or the commodified) can be explored. This leads to the third set of tensions, namely between Indigenous Knowledge Systems on the one hand and a potential Global Knowledge System on the other. In this way the tensions in the use of the sangoma cloth was explored, to attempt to determine a system that would assist in defining at what moment and following what dynamics the symbology would move from one side of the set of tensions to the other. The artist/researcher worked together with a focus group of sangomas who are part of a nongovernmental organization are based in Sedibeng region. This study’s research methodology is a Practice-led research approach within the framework of qualitative research methodology in the Fine Arts. The first method of data collection included one-on-one interviews from which the data was analysed and from which the existing designs could be reworked into new ones. Following this, a series of design and artmaking processes were followed, where five original cloth designs were taken through six different redesign iterations. The third method was a focus group method where the focus group participants (consisting of the original sangoma community, but with a ritual to request insight from the ancestors/amadlozi and therefore their contributions) was employed to view the five sets of redesigned cloths, to attempt to establish the moment when the Indigenous Knowledge System and the sacred of the sangoma cloth enters the secular domain which forms part of Global Knowledge Systems. The research project offers one system or methodology which is based on comparison as presented by the community who claim originality, in that the community itself decide when something needs to be protected by IKS and when it may be allowed to move into a public, shared, domain. The findings of this project were done by the owners of the cloth which resulted in them stating that: to claim IKS, one has to make an inquiry with the community who owns it; one cannot claim an entire design as IKS due to the composition or design having individual elements which have distinct meanings; The element of colour plays a dominant role within the sangoma community; and finally, for this project a clear and powerful system of humanity was set out by the sangomas/amadlozi that the sacredness of the cloth lies with the human who wears or uses it, and not with the cloth itself.

La connaissance, parce qu'elle est le résultat de l'interprétation par un individu d'une information, ne peut pas toujours être manipulée comme un objet. C'est en filtrant au travers de nos schémas d'interprétation les informations qui nous parviennent que nous créons des connaissances. La commensurabilité des schémas d'interprétation est un concept abstrait se basant sur une règle assez floue : plus il est probable que la même information prenne le même sens pour plusieurs individus, plus leurs schémas d'interprétation sont commensurables ; moins il est probable que la même information prenne le même sens pour plusieurs individus, moins leurs schémas d'interprétation sont commensurables. L'objet de cette thèse est de proposer des approches pour déterminer dans quelle mesure deux individus donnent le même sens à la même information. / Knowledge resulting of the interpretation by an individual of information, it cannot always be handled as an object. Indeed, we create knowledge when filtering information through ours interpretative frameworks. The commensurability of interpretative frameworks is an abstract concept, relying on a quite unclear rule: higher is the probability that the same information will have the same meaning for several people, more commensurable are their interpretative frameworks ; lower is that probability, less commensurable are their interpretative frameworks. The purpose of this thesis is to propose approaches in order to determine to what extent two individuals will give the same meaning to the same information.

In the North Scandinavian area of investigation, which is in focus in this dissertation, seal-hunting has been an important means of livelihood from prehistoric times up to the present. The Swedish-speaking seal-hunters' conceptual system for seal during the 20th century is analysed here. The analysis is mainly based on oral recorded interviews with hunters from the coastal areas around the Gulf of Bothnia – from Norrbotten and Västerbotten in Sweden, and Österbotten in Finland. A cognitive perspective is applied in the analysis, in which focus is on the hunters' knowledge of the seal with the purpose of investigating the construction of the hunters' conceptual system for seal. The dissertation's theoretical starting-point is taken in cognitive linguistics and cognitive anthropology. The investigated vocabulary contains 150 different words for seal. The analysis also includes the cultural and ecological context of the hunt. The hunters' conceptual system for seal is characterised by breadth and variation. There is regional variation in the construction of the conceptual system in the investigated area. In addition to that there is also variation with regard to different hunting seasons, something which is apparent both in the vocabulary and in the structure of the conceptual system. The summer and autumn hunt was not particularly complicated and there was consequently no need for categorising the seal. During this season a limited conceptual system with more general terms was used, which included all seals that were hunted at that time. The late winter and early summer hunt, on the other hand, required an immense amount of knowledge, for example with regard to ecology. In that connection the hunters used an extended conceptual system for seal. The analysis of the conceptual system of the late winter and early summer hunt is based on three different scenarios in which the categories for seal direct the actions of the hunters – in locating the seals in the ice environment, in the hunters' actions during the hunt and in the utilisation of the seal as a resource. A number of categories for seal which were used during the late winter and early spring hunt are the same in the whole area of investigation and can be said to constitute a cognitive and communicative basic level. / digitalisering@umu

Thesis (M.Sc. (Geography and Environmental Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / The purpose of this study was to assess and document the use of the Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS) in weather and seasonal climate forecasting in Moletjie, Limpopo Province. The objectives of this study were to document the biological, meteorological, and astrological indicators used to forecast local weather and climate conditions. In addition, the study sought to determine the effectiveness of indicators used in forecasting local weather and climate conditions and to represent the spatial distribution of indigenous weather knowledge using a Participatory Geographic Information System (P-GIS). Both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were used. Surveys and in-depth interviews were used to obtain primary data. The secondary data collected from formally published material (books and journals), served to compliment the primary data. Purposive sampling was used to obtain data from participants with knowledge about Indigenous Knowledge (IK) in seasonal and weather forecasting. From the study, the distribution of indigenous indicators used by Moletjie smallholder farmers was mapped using ArcGIS 10.6. Results show different types of human, biological, meteorological, and astronomical indicators utilized by communities to forecast weather and climate as such they were captured, characterized, and documented. Smallholder farmers considered indigenous knowledge indicators to be more accurate and reliable in their forecasting than scientific projections, which were described as inaccurate and received late. The research found that plants and birds used in this case are in danger of extinction at an alarming rate because of climate change and anthropogenic activities. The study derives key insights from how smallholder farmers in Moletjie village use the IK weather forecast to make farming decisions to ensure farm productivity. It also demonstrates that the smallholder farmers share their trust in modern technology and have confidence and the readiness for the use of scientific forecasting and climate projections which are expected to add value when integrated with IK / National Research Foundation (NRF)

This project engages with the Kogi, an Amerindian indigenous people from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountain range in northern Colombia. Kogi leaders have been engaging in a consistent ecological-political activism to protect the Sierra Nevada from environmentally harmful developments. More specifically, they have attempted to raise awareness and understanding among the wider public about why and how these activities are destructive according to their knowledge and relation to the world. The foreign nature of these underlying ontological understandings, statements, and practices, has created difficulties in conveying them to mainstream, scientific society. Furthermore, the pre-determined cosmological foundations of Kogi society, continuously asserted by them, present a problem to anthropology in terms of suitable analytical categories. My work aims to clarify and understand Kogi environmental activism in their own terms, aided by anthropological concepts and “Western” forms of expression. I elucidate and explain how Kogi ecology and public politics are embedded in an old, integrated, and complex way of being, knowing, and perceiving on the Sierra Nevada. I argue that theoretically this task involves taking a realist approach that recognises the Kogi’s cause as intended truth claims of practical environmental relevance. By avoiding constructivist and interpretivist approaches, as well as the recent “ontological pluralism” in anthropology, I seek to do justice to the Kogi’s own essentialist and universalist ontological principles, which also implies following their epistemological rationale. For this purpose, I immersed myself for two years in Kogi life on the Sierra, and focused on structured learning sessions with three Mamas, Kogi spiritual leaders and knowledge specialists. I reflect on how this interaction was possible because my project was compatible with the Mamas’ own desire to clarify and contextualise the Kogi ecological cause. After presenting this experience, I analyse the material as a multifaceted, interrelated, and elaborate system to reflect the organic, structured composition of Kogi and Sierra, also consciously conveyed as such by the Mamas. I hereby intend to show how the Kogi reproduce, live, and sustain this system through daily practices and institutions, and according to cosmological principles that guide a knowledgeable, ecological relationality with things, called ‘the Law of Origin’. To describe this system, I develop a correspondingly holistic and necessary integration of the anthropological concepts of cosmology, ontology, epistemology, and ecology. Based on this, I argue that Kogi eco-politics are equally embedded in this system, and constitute a contemporary attempt to maintain their regulatory relations with the Sierra Nevada and complement their everyday care-taking practices and rituals. In Kogi terms, this continuity and coherence is a moral imperative and environmental necessity. Thus framing and clarifying Kogi eco-politics may enrich insights into the nature of indigenous ecological knowledge, and may help address environmental problems.