A tese tem por objetivo investigar como se forma o juízo sobre os fatos na decisão judicial. Parte-se do pressuposto de que um juízo verdadeiro sobre os fatos é condição necessária, ainda que não suficiente por si só, para a justiça da decisão. A estratégia adotada é estudar o processo de conhecimento ao longo do qual se forma o juízo sobre os fatos. Inicia-se a exposição afirmando-se que são objeto de julgamento, e, portanto, do processo de conhecimento, ações humanas, as quais são sempre singulares, irrepetíveis e praticadas no passado. Sustenta-se que as ações só podem ser apreendidas adequadamente quando se consideram todos os aspectos que a caracterizam, a saber: que a ação tem como causa um agente, que é praticada com base em motivos e com determinada intenção e que é praticada em circunstâncias que, em sua totalidade, só dizem respeito a cada ação particular. Definido o objeto, passa-se ao primeiro aspecto relativo ao sujeito do conhecimento: a análise da repercussão dos dois tipos clássicos de raciocínio decisório judicial sobre a apreensão das ações particulares do caso. Conclui-se que o raciocínio analógico favorece uma apreensão das ações ampliada em relação ao raciocínio subsuntivo. O raciocínio subsuntivo, por sua vez, inibe, mas não é incompatível, com essa apreensão ampla. O trabalho retorna ao objeto de conhecimento, desta feita para analisar o que se oferece ao conhecimento do juiz para obter informações sobre as ações humanas que serão julgadas. Conclui-se que esses elementos ou são evidências, sobre as quais o juiz realiza inferências, ou presunções, que ele aplica. Evidências e presunções contribuem de forma variada para a satisfação de critérios de verdade. A tese se encerra com um retorno ao sujeito do conhecimento judicial: a análise dos dois modos de ajuizar as informações obtidas mediante inferências obtidas das evidências e os resultados das aplicações de presunções. Pelo método de resposta a questões feitas com base na regra de Direito que se supõe aplicável é possível resolver o caso nos termos dessa mesma regra de Direito, mas com um possível déficit de verdade, pois ficam de fora do juízo os aspectos das ações não contemplados pelas questões formuladas. Pelo método narrativo, os fatos são expostos em toda sua amplitude, o que atende mais satisfatoriamente à pretensão de verdade que lhe é inerente. O método narrativo não é incompatível com o método de questões, mas o completa e serve de teste à verdade das respostas. / The thesis aims to investigate how the judges opinion about the facts is built. Its basic assumption is that a true statement of the facts is a necessary condition to the justice of the decision, although insufficient by itself. The strategy adopted is to study the process of knowledge production which ends with the ascertainment of the facts. The study begins by saying that the object of trial, and therefore of the process of knowledge, are human actions, which are always unique, unrepeatable and practiced in the past. It is argued that actions can only be grasped properly when you consider all the aspects that characterize them, namely that the action is caused by an agent, it is practiced on the basis of reasons, with specific intention and that is practiced in circumstances that, in its entirety, only relate to each particular action. Set the object we pass to the first aspect of the subject of knowledge: the analysis of the impact of the two classical types of judicial reasoning on the task of knowing the particular actions of the case. It is concluded that analogical reasoning favours an expanded understanding of actions in relation to subsumption reasoning. Subsumption reasoning, in turn, inhibits, but is not inconsistent with, a broad approach to the facts. The work returns to the object of knowledge, this time to analyze what is offered to the attention of the judge to give him information about human actions that will be judged. We conclude that these elements are either evidence on which the judge makes inferences or presumptions that he applies. Evidence and presumptions contribute in different ways to the satisfaction of criteria of truth. The thesis concludes with a return to the subject of legal knowledge: the analysis of the two ways of ascertaining the information obtained through the inferences made on the basis of evidences and by application of presumptions. By the method of answering questions based on the rule of law that is supposed to apply it is possible to solve the case under that same rule of law, but with a possible deficit of truth, for the court doesnt take into account any information that is not an answer to the questions formulated. By the narrative method, the facts are exposed in all their diversity, which serves more satisfactorily to the claim to truth that must guide the judge. Moreover, the narrative method is not inconsistent with the method of questions, but functions as a complement and to test the truth of the answers.

Esta pesquisa de mestrado se destina a trazer uma reflexão, a partir da proposta de Produção Partilhada do Conhecimento, acerca do encontro entre a diversidade de saberes orais - presente na cultura oral e popular do Brasil -, e as atuais propostas de transformação das pesquisas nas Ciências Humanas. Por meio da História Oral, etnografia e pesquisa participante contextualizamos academicamente como pode acontecer esta parceria para a produção de conhecimento, em diálogo com a história de vida de Mestre Alcides de Lima Tserewaptu e relatos de vivências seus e de parceiras(os) do Centro de Estudos e Aplicação da Capoeira (CEACA), na cidade de São Paulo. A narrativa de sua jornada pela tradição oral e cultura popular em ambientes institucionais de ensino, tais como a Universidade de São Paulo USP e a Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Desembargador Amorim Lima, contando com o congado e a capoeira, manifestações de resistência e luta pela valorização cultura afro-brasileira, proporcionou a análise de possibilidades de caminhos para se pensar a interlocução destes saberes orais com as propostas teóricas nas áreas de história, cultura, antropologia e educação. A antropologia visual foi um dos meios de partilha e registro dos processos da pesquisa (entrevistas, rituais, batizados, reuniões). A prática - já desenvolvida pelo CEACA na produção de material audiovisual -, junto ao reconhecimento de que as tradições das culturas orais não podem ser transpostas para o escrito, garantiram uma colaboração mais coletiva e a legitimação desse método de pesquisa. Um dos resultados do trabalho é um registro audiovisual no qual o Mestre Alcides e algumas pessoas do CEACA colaboraram com a narrativa, inserção de materiais que representam a essência do grupo, seus valores, motivações e práticas em diálogo com as discussões teóricas. / This masters research intends to bring a reflection - from the proposal of Shared Knowledge Production - to the encounter between the diversity of oral knowledge - present in the oral and popular culture of Brazil -, and the current proposals for the transformation of researches in the Human Sciences. Through Oral History, ethnography and participant research, we seek to contextualize academically how this partnership for the production of knowledge, in dialogue with the life history of Mestre Alcides de Lima Tserewaptu, griô, and among the narratives of his experiences and from his partners at Center for the Study and Application of Capoeira (CEACA), in the city of São Paulo. The narrative of his journey through oral tradition and popular culture in educational institutions such as University of São Paulo and School Amorim Lima, counting on the congado and capoeira, manifestations of resistance and struggle for the valorization of Afro- Brazilian culture, provided the analysis of possibilities of ways to think the interlocution of these oral knowledge with theoretical proposals in the areas of history, culture, anthropology and education. Visual anthropology was one of the means of sharing and recording research processes (interviews, rituals, baptisms, meetings). The practice already developed by CEACA in the production of audiovisual material, allied with the recognition that oral traditions of oral cultures can not be transposed into writing, ensured a more collective collaboration and the legitimation of this method of research. One of the results of the work is an audiovisual record in which Mestre Alcides and some people of CEACA collaborated with the narrative, insertion of materials that represent the essence of the group, their values, motivations and practices in dialogue with the theoretical discussions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Angelica Massuquetti.pdf: 1215449 bytes, checksum: 0e964d6117a50146e371a29a82219fe2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-27 / This thesis examines the process of knowledge production within Social Sciences Post- Graduate courses from the 1970s regarding Brazilian rural social conflicts occurred before 1964. The aims of this thesis are to identify the main issues and questions proposed by the literature, and to discuss the paradigms employed to research social conflicts on rural areas in Brazil undertaken by Social Sciences and how they were used to comprehend those conflicts. The question behind this investigation is related to the multiple views established by Brazilian social scientists analyzing those conflicts throughout time. The examination of this knowledge production reveals the construction of news categories to investigate rural social conflicts and the perception of other elements, not exclusively determined by capitalist transformations, as a condition for the emergence of those conflicts. / Esta tese examina a produ??o do conhecimento elaborada no ?mbito dos cursos de p?sgradua??o em Ci?ncias Sociais, a partir dos anos setenta, a respeito dos conflitos sociais rurais brasileiros ocorridos no pr?-1964. Os objetivos desta pesquisa s?o a identifica??o dos principais temas, das quest?es que a literatura apresentou e dos paradigmas explicativos empregados e como foram utilizados nas pesquisas sobre os conflitos sociais no campo no Brasil realizadas pelas Ci?ncias Sociais. A indaga??o que entremeia esta investiga??o diz respeito aos m?ltiplos olhares estabelecidos pelos cientistas sociais brasileiros na an?lise destes conflitos ao longo do tempo. O exame desta produ??o do conhecimento revela a constru??o de novas categorias na investiga??o dos conflitos sociais no campo, bem como a percep??o de outros elementos, n?o exclusivamente determinados pelas transforma??es capitalistas, como condi??o para a emerg?ncia destes conflitos.

O campo da terapia familiar tem se desenvolvido a partir de diferentes contribuições teóricas e epistemológicas. Um dos desenvolvimentos recentes da terapia familiar tem se dado a partir da emergência do movimento construcionista social em ciência, levando, dentre outras mudanças, a uma maior ênfase nos processos de comunicação no contexto terapêutico. Considerando a crescente utilização das contribuições do construcionismo social pelos profissionais brasileiros envolvidos na prática clínica, consideramos relevante compreender como tem se dado essa transmissão de conhecimentos do campo teórico para o campo clínico. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo qualitativo é investigar a difusão do discurso construcionista social entre um grupo de terapeutas familiares brasileiros, focando em como este se constitui em um aporte útil para sua prática clínica. Foram entrevistados 14 terapeutas familiares, do sexo masculino e feminino, psicólogos, cuja atividade profissional atual envolve o trabalho com famílias, e possuem responsabilidade docente em institutos de formação em terapia familiar. As entrevistas foram gravadas em áudio e transcritas literalmente e na íntegra. A análise das informações foi realizada a partir das propostas construcionistas sociais em ciência. Parte do processo de análise e discussão dos resultados foi realizada em conjunto com a Profa. Sheila McNamee, Ph.D., durante um estágio de pesquisa na Universidade de New Hampshire. Na análise das entrevistas, focamos em dois eixos de discussão. Primeiramente, discutimos o que os participantes descrevem como sendo o construcionismo social, evidenciando as principais ideias e conceitos do construcionismo que norteiam sua prática e seu posicionamento como terapeutas. No segundo eixo, discutimos de forma crítica e reflexiva três maneiras distintas pelas quais os participantes aplicam as ideias construcionistas na prática, enfatizando implicações, possibilidades e limites que advêm deste uso. Ao longo de toda discussão dos resultados, articulamos a análise proposta com aspectos da difusão do construcionismo entre os participantes. Concluímos, a partir deste estudo, que a difusão do construcionismo social está atrelada às formas pelas quais os terapeutas atribuem utilidade aos conceitos teóricos descritos na literatura. Além disso, a sensibilidade ao construcionismo social é um aspecto da prática clínica que oferece diferentes formas dos terapeutas relacionarem-se com as abordagens do campo da terapia familiar, trazendo convites à prática da auto-reflexividade por parte dos terapeutas. (FAPESP) / The field of family therapy has been developed based on different theoretical and epistemological contributions. One of the recently developments of family therapy has taken place based on the contributions of the social constructionist movement in science, leading to an emphasis on the communication processes in the therapeutic context. Considering this increasingly expansion of social constructionists ideas among professionals involved in clinical practice, it is important to know how theoretical knowledge has been incorporated into professional midst. The aim of this study is to investigate dissemination forms of social constructionist discourse among a group of family therapists, focusing on how these ideas are a useful contribution for their clinical practice. We interviewed 14 family therapists, men and women, psychologists, who work with family counseling, and are responsible for teaching social constructionism in family therapy training institutes. All interviews were recorded and literally transcribed. The analysis was carried out based on social constructionisms contributions for research practice. Part of this analysis process was developed in partnership with Professor Sheila McNamee, Ph.D., at the University of New Hampshire, during a research internship. We have divided the meanings made with our participants in two major pillars: Firstly, we discuss the participants definition of social construction, highlighting its main ideas and concepts that guide their clinical practice. Secondly, we critically and reflexively discuss three forms by which our participants apply social constructionism in their practice, emphasizing implications, possibilities and constraints that emerge as a consequence. Throughout these discussions, we articulate our analysis with aspects of dissemination of social constructionisms ideas among the participants. We conclude that the propagation of social constructionists ideas is tied to the utility that family therapists attach to the theoretical contributions of social constructionism. Also, the sensitivity to social constructionisms ideas offers the professionals specific forms by which they can relate to other approaches in family therapy practice. In this sense, this study enhances the importance of self-reflexivity as a quotidian practice of the family therapist. (FAPESP)

Contemporary probation practice has come to be subject to the logic of risk. The rise in the logic of risk has led to significant changes in penal practices. Therefore, it is sociologically important to explore the recent research on the evolution and transformation of probation in Canada with regard to the logic of risk. The purpose of my research was to explore how the logic of risk has impacted and transformed probation objectives, and how it impacted the role of probation officers. Specifically, I wanted to explore how publications present the transformation of probation due to the logic of risk, the formation of new objectives for the system, the deployment of new practices and tools, and how these transformations and new objectives have changed the role of probation officers. To do this, it was determined that a critical literature review of published articles (both academic and government sources) would be the most appropriate data collection method. To analyze the data, an eleven-stage process to a hybrid thematic analysis was utilized. Through this analysis, four main themes were uncovered and explored using a governmentality framework. Objectives of probation as forms effective penal governance were presented, efficient governance through risk was demonstrated through resource allocation, and effective and efficient decision making is explored. It is hypothesized that risk logic leads to the use of heuristic strategies in probation officer decision making. In this thesis, I argue that we are in a phase of ‘new rehabilitationism’ that draws on notions of rehabilitation and reframes them under neo-liberal strategies for control through normalization. In addition to this, knowledge production of probation through the logic of risk is explored and the effects of knowledge/power and its implications for probationers outlined.

No description available.

This paper aims to investigate the polarization present within the Design Thinking field ofresearch. Starting off from Johansson-Sköldberg et al. (2013), who first identified the distinctionbetween the two discourses Designerly Thinking and Design Thinking in 2010, we constructed a literature review and a framework of analysis based on conception of knowledge and its relationto the advancement of a research field. We claim that root-causes of the polarization derive from different knowledge bases, which then inhibit knowledge exchange as well as production. We conclude the paper by providing a suggestion for a way forward, claiming the applicability ofEngaged Scholarship within the realm of Design Thinking to make the field of research progresscreating relevance for both practitioners and scholars.

This thesis sets out to examine the making of femininity in hip-hop, with a special focus on the performances of three artists - Mykki Blanco, Angel Haze, and Brooke Candy - and their representations made through music videos and lyrics. The thesis is structured around critical femininity studies, and created through a somatechnics perspective. I am investigating how femininity and the feminine body is made through and in relation to technology and different expressions of race, class, and sexuality. By questioning how structures of femininity is made and re-made through a somatechnical perspective, this thesis offers alternatives to interpret feminine representations in hip-hop, and bases its conversation in both culture studies and critical femininity studies. In the paper‘s conclusion, questions regarding active feminist resistance in hip-hop are raised, with hope to widen the discussions about female identified artists and their performances in this specific discourse.

Canadian science policy has increasingly linked the value of academic knowledge to its contribution to economic competitiveness. A market vision of scientific quality is embedded in new funding criteria which encourage academic scientists to collaborate with industry, generate intellectual property, and found companies. While the “Mode 2” thesis advanced by Gibbons and Nowotny asserts that quality criteria in science are changing to incorporate economic relevance, there is little empirical evidence to either refute or substantiate this claim. Using Bourdieu’s theory of practice, this study explores the responses of basic health scientists to market-oriented funding criteria. The goal of the study was to understand how scientists, occupying different positions of power in the scientific field, defined “good science” and pursued scientific prestige. Twenty semi-structured interviews were carried out with 11 scientists trained before and 9 trained after the rise of market-oriented science policy. Data derived from Curriculum Vitae and Background Information Forms were used to estimate the type and volume of capital each participant held. Scientific capital, as reflected in peer-reviewed publications and grants, was perceived as the dominant form of recognition of scientific quality. However, “entrepreneurial capital”, as reflected in patents, licenses, industry funding and company spin-offs, functioned as a new form of power in accessing resources. Study participants adopted different positions in a symbolic struggle over competing visions of “good science” and used different strategies to acquire scientific prestige. Some pursued a traditional strategy of accumulation of scientific capital, while others sought to accumulate and convert entrepreneurial capital into scientific capital. Findings suggest that there is no longer a single symbolic order in the scientific field, but that the field is stratified according to a scientific and market logic. Hence, support is provided for both continuity with “Mode 1” and change towards “Mode 2” evaluation of academic quality.

Canadian science policy has increasingly linked the value of academic knowledge to its contribution to economic competitiveness. A market vision of scientific quality is embedded in new funding criteria which encourage academic scientists to collaborate with industry, generate intellectual property, and found companies. While the “Mode 2” thesis advanced by Gibbons and Nowotny asserts that quality criteria in science are changing to incorporate economic relevance, there is little empirical evidence to either refute or substantiate this claim. Using Bourdieu’s theory of practice, this study explores the responses of basic health scientists to market-oriented funding criteria. The goal of the study was to understand how scientists, occupying different positions of power in the scientific field, defined “good science” and pursued scientific prestige. Twenty semi-structured interviews were carried out with 11 scientists trained before and 9 trained after the rise of market-oriented science policy. Data derived from Curriculum Vitae and Background Information Forms were used to estimate the type and volume of capital each participant held. Scientific capital, as reflected in peer-reviewed publications and grants, was perceived as the dominant form of recognition of scientific quality. However, “entrepreneurial capital”, as reflected in patents, licenses, industry funding and company spin-offs, functioned as a new form of power in accessing resources. Study participants adopted different positions in a symbolic struggle over competing visions of “good science” and used different strategies to acquire scientific prestige. Some pursued a traditional strategy of accumulation of scientific capital, while others sought to accumulate and convert entrepreneurial capital into scientific capital. Findings suggest that there is no longer a single symbolic order in the scientific field, but that the field is stratified according to a scientific and market logic. Hence, support is provided for both continuity with “Mode 1” and change towards “Mode 2” evaluation of academic quality.