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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Préparation et évaluation de nouveaux catalyseurs recyclables pour la cuisson papetière

Rousseau, Valentina-Mihaela 05 July 2012 (has links)
L’objectif de la thèse est la synthèse et l’optimisation des supports monolithiques et l’évaluation de leur efficacité en cuisson kraft et lors du recyclage (essai des catalyseurs dans un réacteur de capacité 5 kg). Lors de cette thèse, nous avons montré que l’utilisation des monolithes styréniques anthraquinoniques à base de diméthacrylate de diéthylèneglycol et de divinylbenzène en cuisson permettent d’économiser de l’alcali actif consommé et d’augmenter le rendement en pâtes à des indices kappa faibles. Les monolithes à base de diméthacrylate de diéthylèneglycol sont plus efficaces en cuisson que ceux à base de divinylbenzène, avec des gains comparables à l’effet de l’anthraquinone commerciale et gardent leur activité catalytique lors du recyclage. / The objective of the thesis is the synthesis and optimization of monolithic supports and the evaluation of their efficiency in the kraft process and after recycling (test of catalysts inside a 5 kg capacity reactor). In this work, we showed that the presence of monoliths styrene-anthraquinone-diethyleneglycoldimethacrylate or styrene-anthraquionone-divinylbenzene in the kraft process could save up the active alkali consumed and could increase the yield in pulp at low indice kappa. The monoliths styrene-anthraquionone-diethyleneglycoldimethacrylate are more efficiently in cooking process than those containing divinylbenzene. Their performance is closed of that of the commercial anthraquinone and this catalytic activity persists even after recycling.
22

Efeito das condições de processo sobre a produção de ácidos hexenurônicos em polpas celulósicas / The effects of the process conditions in the production of hexenuronic acids in cellullosic pulps

Caldeira, Alessandra Foresti 20 April 2007 (has links)
A indústria de papel e celulose convive com questões de adequação da oferta à demanda que influenciam na tomada de decisão em vários elos da cadeia produtiva. A pressão por baixos custos requer novos investimentos em tecnologia, normalmente associados ao processo e ao produto. Neste cenário, o objetivo do presente trabalho envolve o estudo da influência de variáveis de processo sobre a composição química da polpa e do licor preto, bem como sobre a formação de ácidos hexenurônicos, na polpação Kraft industrial de Eucalyptus. A metodologia proposta contemplou a realização de 36 polpações (em duplicata), sendo 3 níveis de álcali ativo (14, 17 e 19%), 2 níveis de sulfidez (20 e 30%) e 3 níveis de temperatura (150, 160 e 170oC). As polpas obtidas foram analisadas quanto à composição química, alvura e viscosidade. Os licores gerados no processo foram analisados quanto à composição química e por espectroscopia no infravermelho. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que uma maior sulfidez gera um menor teor de ácidos hexenurônicos na polpa independentemente da carga de álcali empregada. A temperatura exerce forte influência na geração destes ácidos, sendo que a 160°C foram geradas as maiores concentrações de ácidos hexenurônicos na polpa. Ainda com relação à temperatura, observou-se que o número kappa da polpa é reduzido quando a temperatura é elevada. A carga de álcali ativo leva a um aumento na quantidade de ácidos hexenurônicos gerados na polpa e a uma redução do número kappa. A alvura da polpa foi mais elevada para menores teores de ácidos hexenurônicos. A utilização da técnica de espectroscopia no infravermelho não se mostrou aplicável para a determinação dos teores de lignina nos licores de cozimento. / The pulp and paper industries have to manage issues concerning the offer of their products and the needs of different markets. To get this goal several important aspects of the productive chain has to be considered. The achievement of low costs of production requires investments in technologies for both processes and products. In this context, the aim of the present work involves the study of the influence that process parameters exerts in the chemical composition of the pulps and liquors, as well as hexenuronic acids generated in the industrial kraft pulping of Eucalyptus. The experimental work consisted in a factorial planning designed pulping reactions. 36 cookings were performed (in duplicate) with 3 levels of active alkali (14, 17 e 19%), 2 levels of sulfidity (20 e 30%) and 3 levels of temperature (150, 160 e 170oC). The obtained pulps were analyzed in relation to their chemical composition, brightness and viscosity. The black liquors were also analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that the higher sulfidity produced pulps with the lower content of hexenuronic acids, independently of the charge of active alkali employed in the process. The temperature of the pulping process exerted a strong influence in the production of hexenuronic acids, mainly at 160°C. Still considering the temperature, it was observed that occurs a reduction of the kappa number at higher temperatures. The active alkali charge produced an increase in the amount of hexenuronic acids and a decrease in the kappa number of the pulps. It was also observed an increase in the brightness for the pulps with lower amount of hexenuronic acids. Infrared spectroscopy showed not feasible results considering the determination of lignin content in the pulping liquors.
23

The theoretical basis for the action of sulfide in the kraft pulping process

Hanson, Fred Sumner 01 January 1939 (has links)
No description available.
24

The hydrolysis of sodium sulfide in mixtures with sodium hydroxide

Martin, George E. (George Edward) 01 January 1948 (has links)
No description available.
25

Factors governing the strength development of kraft pulps

Baker, Raymond E. (Raymond Emerson) 01 January 1940 (has links)
No description available.
26

The effect of tannins on the pulping of wood and the bleaching of pulp

Bard, John William 01 January 1940 (has links)
No description available.
27

Efeito das condições de processo sobre a produção de ácidos hexenurônicos em polpas celulósicas / The effects of the process conditions in the production of hexenuronic acids in cellullosic pulps

Alessandra Foresti Caldeira 20 April 2007 (has links)
A indústria de papel e celulose convive com questões de adequação da oferta à demanda que influenciam na tomada de decisão em vários elos da cadeia produtiva. A pressão por baixos custos requer novos investimentos em tecnologia, normalmente associados ao processo e ao produto. Neste cenário, o objetivo do presente trabalho envolve o estudo da influência de variáveis de processo sobre a composição química da polpa e do licor preto, bem como sobre a formação de ácidos hexenurônicos, na polpação Kraft industrial de Eucalyptus. A metodologia proposta contemplou a realização de 36 polpações (em duplicata), sendo 3 níveis de álcali ativo (14, 17 e 19%), 2 níveis de sulfidez (20 e 30%) e 3 níveis de temperatura (150, 160 e 170oC). As polpas obtidas foram analisadas quanto à composição química, alvura e viscosidade. Os licores gerados no processo foram analisados quanto à composição química e por espectroscopia no infravermelho. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que uma maior sulfidez gera um menor teor de ácidos hexenurônicos na polpa independentemente da carga de álcali empregada. A temperatura exerce forte influência na geração destes ácidos, sendo que a 160°C foram geradas as maiores concentrações de ácidos hexenurônicos na polpa. Ainda com relação à temperatura, observou-se que o número kappa da polpa é reduzido quando a temperatura é elevada. A carga de álcali ativo leva a um aumento na quantidade de ácidos hexenurônicos gerados na polpa e a uma redução do número kappa. A alvura da polpa foi mais elevada para menores teores de ácidos hexenurônicos. A utilização da técnica de espectroscopia no infravermelho não se mostrou aplicável para a determinação dos teores de lignina nos licores de cozimento. / The pulp and paper industries have to manage issues concerning the offer of their products and the needs of different markets. To get this goal several important aspects of the productive chain has to be considered. The achievement of low costs of production requires investments in technologies for both processes and products. In this context, the aim of the present work involves the study of the influence that process parameters exerts in the chemical composition of the pulps and liquors, as well as hexenuronic acids generated in the industrial kraft pulping of Eucalyptus. The experimental work consisted in a factorial planning designed pulping reactions. 36 cookings were performed (in duplicate) with 3 levels of active alkali (14, 17 e 19%), 2 levels of sulfidity (20 e 30%) and 3 levels of temperature (150, 160 e 170oC). The obtained pulps were analyzed in relation to their chemical composition, brightness and viscosity. The black liquors were also analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that the higher sulfidity produced pulps with the lower content of hexenuronic acids, independently of the charge of active alkali employed in the process. The temperature of the pulping process exerted a strong influence in the production of hexenuronic acids, mainly at 160°C. Still considering the temperature, it was observed that occurs a reduction of the kappa number at higher temperatures. The active alkali charge produced an increase in the amount of hexenuronic acids and a decrease in the kappa number of the pulps. It was also observed an increase in the brightness for the pulps with lower amount of hexenuronic acids. Infrared spectroscopy showed not feasible results considering the determination of lignin content in the pulping liquors.
28

Elaboration de matériaux poreux à partir de sous-produits de la biomasse par polymérisation d’émulsions concentrées

Forgacz, Claire 09 December 2011 (has links)
Cette thèse est dédiée à l'élaboration de matériaux poreux par polymérisation d'émulsion concentrées à partir de polymères issus de la biomasse. La méthodologie polyHIPE a été adaptée pour mettre en œuvre un sous-produit de l'industrie papetière : la liqueur noire Kraft. Des matériaux poreux et possédant une structure interne modulable par les paramètres d'émulsification, ont été obtenus. / This project is dedicated to the synthesis of porous materials from biopolymers via an emulsion-templated polymerisation. The polyHIPE synthesis was adaptated to the physico-chemical properties of the main by-product of the paper industry : the Kraft black liquor. Porous material was obtained and their morphological caracteristics can be modulated through the emulsification parameters.
29

Att öppna och stänga cirklar : Levande vatten och kroppen som kraft

Nilsson, Robin January 2015 (has links)
No description available.
30

Kinetics and mass transfer in the chlorination of draft pulp fibers.

Pugliese, Sebastian C., III 05 1900 (has links)
No description available.

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