This thesis describes an approach to the planning and design of a Kuwaiti community that fosters a return to the value system established by past generations but being neglected in current planning and design concepts. This design approach focuses the specific environmental factors that exist in Kuwait, as well as being concerned with the values of the community. Islamic teachings are built on the concept of unity in creation and purpose. All creatures are created by One and are linked in worshiping the Creator. In the design, all the housing units in the community and the souq develop from the principles of geometry and are linked by unity of purpose. Contemporary architecture and urban structures in Kuwait should not only rely on local physical materials, but also express the valuable principles of Islamic culture. Islam considers each community to be one family, the relationship Islamic community's between architectural individuals. / Master of Architecture

The historical roots of traditional and modem Western medicine have been the same, but during the past century these systems have diverged modem medicine has became dominant, replacing traditional systems in much of the world and denigrating them as quackery. In recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional systems, with a remarkable change in attitude among health care professionals in many parts of the world. There is an increasing emphasis upon the importance of health care providers familiarizing themselves with specific culture-bound syndromes and their manifestations, in order to provide quality care to culturally diverse clients seeking health care services. Thus, there is a need for a complementary relationship between traditional healing practices and modem medicine in the world, reflecting the importance of respect for cultural diversity in health planning. The research problem assumes a relation between three distinctive dimensions of reality, namely, the industrial mentality, culture, and education. These dimensions will be discussed - according to the relation-axes model introduced by Wielemans and Chan (1992:19), which investigates the complexity of relationships between man and himself, man and fellowmen, man and nature, and man and the transcendental. In Kuwait the traditional healing practices will be examined according to Islamic medicine and its contribution to health care. A comparison of modem and Islamic medicine is formulated and recommendations are made for the training health care professionals in Kuwait. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Comparative Education)

The central problem of this study is to identify and develop a model for the administration of rehabilitation services to the handicapped which can be applied to identify needed services in any country, such as Kuwait. The method used in developing the model entailed obtaining basic information about how selected nations administer services for the handicapped through: (1) Published sources and reports; (2) Unpublished material; (3) Interviews of selected officials responsible for the handicapped. The review of literature consists of two parts. Part one reviews organizational strategies: (1) The engineering strategy; (2) The behavioral strategy; (3) The systems strategy. The second part focuses on rehabilitation services in the eight countries selected for this study. These are discussed in the order of their difference from the State of Kuwait: the United States, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Japan, Yugoslavia, Thailand, Kenya, and finally Kuwait. Each is discussed in the following terms: (1) Overview; (2) History of Rehabilitation Services; (3) Structure of Service Delivery System; (4) Legislation of Rehabilitation Services. The study was preceded by an analysis of tasks organized within the framework of the International Classification Matrix Model with a view to establishing an approach to prospective evaluation. A matrix can be defined as a rectangular array of elements arranged in rows and columns; the matrix used in this study was formulated on the basis of information and data collected in the eight selected countries in terms of: (a) General Cultural/Social Orientation Pattern (i) "ascriptive/traditional," (ii) "mixed-attributes," and (iii) "achievement/innovative"); (b) Degree of Cultural Materialism; (c) Cultural Attitude Toward Handicapped; (d) Percent of Population Classified As "Handicapped"; (e) Per Capita Income; (f) General National Political Orientation; (g) General National Administrative Structure; (h) Degree of Bureaucratization; (i) Types of Delivery Service. This study classifies nations for the purposes of general evaluation of their approaches to national administration of services for the handicapped and application of these approaches to a specific country, Kuwait.

A field and pot culture study was undertaken in an attempt to determine the effect of saline solabeya water on soil salination, gatch formation and plant uptake of nutrients. Three gatch and three sandy soil profile samples were used in this studyo The soil samples were virgin profile 'A' samples from the Experim.ental Farm Extension, cultivated profile 'B' samples from. the Experim.ental Farm and cultivated profile '0' samples from Bid'a Nursery of the Education Department. The gatch samples were collected from sites 'A', '0' and plot No.6, of the Experimental Farm. Extension, Bidta Nursery and Experimental Farm respectively. Three indicator plants Lettuce (Lactuca sativa, variety Great Lakes), green beans (Phaseolus vulgariS, variety Black Valentine), and Petunia (Petunia hybrida) were used. The effect of soil texture, change in the reaction of the medium, concentration of solabeya saline water and soil solution on gatch formation were studied. A coarse sandy subsoil horizon high in silica constituted the proper medium for gatch formation. The major cementing agents were silica and the carbonates and hydroxides of calcium and magnesium. Alumina, iron oxide and gypsum. playa minor role in cementation due to their low concentration. An increase in the alkaline reaction and concentration of the saline solution favored precipitation of potential cementing agents present as soluble constituents of the medium. The presence of gatch and use of solabeya saline water lead to the formation of saline perched water table and soil salination. Different irrigation waters, representing various dilutions of solabeya saline water were used for irrigation of pot cultures. Different increments of nutrient solutions, supplying nitrogen, phosphorus, P9tassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium were applied to the respective treatments of the pot cultures. The development, sequence of appearance, and severity of visual symptoms of general salinity effect showed direct corrolation with salt sensitivity of the indicator plant and the degree of salinity of the medium. In all cases, the symptoms were earlier and more severe in bean, followed by lettuce and petunia. As a result of cationic and anionic antagonism and an increase in the salinity of the medium, plant uptake of N, P, Ca, K, Fe and Mn was reduced, as revealed by the level of these elements in the leaves of the indicator plants, whereas the levels of Mg, Na, B, Cl, and SO₄ increased in the leaves of the indicator plants. The application of different increments of N, P, Ca, and K to the respective treatments of the indicator plant cultures resulted in a relative increase in the level of these elements in the leaves and a specific decrease in the level of the antagonistic elements. But, due to the effect of the increase in salinity of the medium of the respective treatments, and decrease in yield of green weight, the level of these elements maintained a gradual specific decrease in. the leaves.

Environmental contamination along roadways with lead from processed petroleum and automotive residues has been reported. Toxicity to the herbivores grazing these areas has not been well studied. Comparison of lead concentrations adjacent to roads in Kuwait and in Oregon, USA was studied. Soil samples were taken from three sites at three different distances from the highway (0, 3 and 10 meters) adjacent to King Fahad Highway in Kuwait and Interstate 5 (I-5), Highway 34 (H-34) and Highway 20 (H-20) in Oregon. Soil was analyzed for lead concentrations. The mean lead concentrations in soil samples along King Fahad Highway were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those along 1-5, H-34 and 14-20 in Oregon [4943.6 ppm (mg/kg) vs 129 ppm, 94.9 and 81.67 ppm respectively]. In a field trial animal toxicity studies were conducted on sheep grazing near roadway in Kuwait and also in a controlled barn studies. Fifty lambs ranging in age from 4 to 9 months and grazing on Kuwait pasture adjacent to the King Fahad Highway were tested for blood lead. Levels were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). Blood lead levels of these lambs ranged from 0.05-1.00 ppm. Only 12% of the tested population exceeded the blood lead above 0.1 ppm (the high normal value). None demonstrated any clinical signs of lead toxicosis. In addition, a controlled feeding trial was conducted with sheep ingesting similar concentrations of lead as were found along the roadways. These sheep were observed for clinical, gross and histopathological changes. Using the intensive lamb production system common in Kuwait, twenty five lambs ranging in age from 2-10 months were orally fed 0, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mg lead acetate/kg body weight/day in a controlled study. Blood lead levels were tested in these lambs at time zero, week two, and then at monthly intervals until the 14th week. All lambs were slaughtered and necropsied with select tissues analyzed for lead concentrations. Levels of lead in the blood were directly related to the daily administrated lead acetate (P<0.05). Neither gender, age nor breed of the sire had any affect on blood lead levels except for the 14th week where blood lead levels of the young lambs significantly exceeded (P<0.05) those in the older lambs with mean values of 0.54 and 0.34 ppm respectively. In general, lead levels in all the tested tissues were directly related to the amount of the daily oral administration of lead acetate. Differences between the tissue levels of lead in the experimental and control lambs (N=25) were statistically significant (P<0.05) in liver, bone and kidney but were not significant in trachea, testis, brain, diaphragm, ovary, lung, muscle, rumen, aorta, spleen, tongue, eye, intestine, heart and esophagus. Lead accumulation was the highest in bone at the lower ingested lead concentrations, but was the highest in the kidney at higher lead dosages. Lead values were significantly greater (P<0.05) in the livers of female lambs compared to those of the male. Bone, liver and kidney of the young lambs had significantly higher (P<0.05) levels of lead than older lambs with means of 19.24, 7.31 and 54.54 compared to 6.34, 3.59 and 21.31 ppm respectively. Gross lesions were not found in any of the 25 necropsied lambs. Histopathological changes of intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in 100% of the kidneys in lambs administered 8 mg/Kg/day and above and in 50% of the livers of the lambs administered the same dosages. Thirty three per cent of lambs administered 2 and 4 mg/kg/day had intranuclear inclusion bodies in their kidney but not in the liver. The controls had no inclusion bodies in any of these matching tissues. No clinical signs of lead toxicosis were observed in any lambs during the 14 weeks of the experiment. The same lamb population was used to compare blood lead levels and the growth performance of lambs (feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion) in relation to different dosages of lead acetate. Although there was a tendency for lambs ingesting the two higher lead doses to eat less feed, gain less weight; and have a lower feed conversion ratio, these differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The conclusion of these studies reveal some concern. Levels of lead as found near the highways of Kuwait were high enough to cause elevated tissue lead concentrations, particularly in liver and kidney, of lambs grazing adjacent to these highways. These levels cause tissue abnormalities in lambs and could be hazardous to human health eating the internal organs of these lambs. / Graduation date: 2000

This paper attempts to provide a description of the LP process for the English language in Kuwait as it is related to planning activities in education and other areas. It will outline some of the policies for English language instruction and the development of curricula in several areas. The English language needs as they pertain to both educational and broader societal goals are discussed. A description of the language planning bodies, their interactions, and their priorities with regard to the development of policies for English is presented in order to gain insight into the LP process for the English language i_n Kuwait and to contribute to the growing body of international research in LP. It is hoped that the information in this study will be the foundation for further significant research in LP for English in Kuwait and elsewhere.

Since the late 1980s an increasing amount of literature has attempted to explain liberalization and democratization, or lack thereof, in the Arab world. Theories have developed around such concepts as civil society, state formation and political culture, yet a conclusive theory that could predict the future of these two processes in the Arab world has not emerged. This thesis seeks to add to this body of work by theorizing that regime type---specifically monarchical regimes---may be a useful variable in analyzing political reform in the region and will attempt to explain how and under what conditions some countries will open their political systems. This thesis takes the view that while there has been some indication of liberalization in the Arab world there has been very little evidence of democratization. Evidence of liberalization in Arab monarchies will be shown in case studies of Kuwait and Jordan.

The historical roots of traditional and modem Western medicine have been the same, but during the past century these systems have diverged modem medicine has became dominant, replacing traditional systems in much of the world and denigrating them as quackery. In recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional systems, with a remarkable change in attitude among health care professionals in many parts of the world. There is an increasing emphasis upon the importance of health care providers familiarizing themselves with specific culture-bound syndromes and their manifestations, in order to provide quality care to culturally diverse clients seeking health care services. Thus, there is a need for a complementary relationship between traditional healing practices and modem medicine in the world, reflecting the importance of respect for cultural diversity in health planning. The research problem assumes a relation between three distinctive dimensions of reality, namely, the industrial mentality, culture, and education. These dimensions will be discussed - according to the relation-axes model introduced by Wielemans and Chan (1992:19), which investigates the complexity of relationships between man and himself, man and fellowmen, man and nature, and man and the transcendental. In Kuwait the traditional healing practices will be examined according to Islamic medicine and its contribution to health care. A comparison of modem and Islamic medicine is formulated and recommendations are made for the training health care professionals in Kuwait. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Comparative Education)

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