This is a study of qualitative method that aims to investigate how compulsory school students perceive the content of Visual Art Education and the relevance of art education. The study is based on empirical methods that consists of semi-structured interviews with a total of 12 students in grades 6 and 9. The theoretical framework of the study is based on a sociocultural perspective which describes that it is through communication and interaction with others that the individual acquires knowledge and skills. The theoretical starting points for the study are supported by the concepts of visual culture, visual literacy and Vygotskijs concepts of creativity and imagination with the assistance of contemporary research that describes the concepts from the perspective of a modern-day society. Furthermore, the study uses the cultural circuit from Hall and photo elicitation from Rose as analytical tool to analyze the participants perceptions about Visual Art Education. The results of my study show that Visual Art Education still represents something that is more similar to a traditional view of artist work, with a focus on techniques and materials. The results also show that the participants perceive Visual Art Education as less important compared to other school subjects and some of the participants don’t think they will benefit from the subject’s knowledge and abilities either in future education, future profession or their private life. This shows the participants narrow view of how abilities linked to visual literacy are relevant in a modern society. The knowledge contribution added to the problem area and previous research is a deeper understanding of how the participants perceive the relevance of Visual Art Education. The study is important and relevant for the teaching profession, as students need to be made more aware of the breadth and relevance of Visual Art Education. From this content it can be deduced that the abilities that students must acquire through visual arts education are about so much more than just drawing. It is also important that teachers gain insight and understanding of how students perceive the relevance of Visual Art Education for them to be able to move forward.

De antropogent orsakade klimatförändringarna som är tätt sammankopplade med en snabb utrbedd förlust av biodiversitet blir allt mer tilltagande och sex av nio planetära gränser är överskridna. Samtidigt minskar människors koppling till och kunskap om naturen som de är en del och beroende av, särskilt så bland barn och unga i den växande urbana befolkningen. För att vända negativa utvecklingen är det viktigt att dagens städer erbjuder miljöer som möjliggör direkt interaktion med varierande flora och fauna. Grundskolan kan erbjuda detta via plats- och upplevelsebaserad utomhuspedagogik som kan främja barn och ungas koppling till naturen och ekologisk läskunnighet. För det krävs tillgång till gröna skolgårdar och grönområden som kan fungera som lärmiljöer för ekologiska processer och ekosystem.  Studiens syfte var att skapa förbättrade förutsättningar för utomhuspedagogik som kan främja barn och ungas koppling till naturen och ekologisk läskunnighet. Studien undersökte en grundskola med en ambition att arbeta för en hållbarare utveckling belägen i en av Sveriges större tätorter. Skolan ville förändra sin skolgård genom att plantera mer vildvuxen flora och börja odla. Skolan stod inför unika utmaningar för att förverkliga sin vision eftersom den inte äger skolgården och därför måste förändringar ske i dialog med fastighetsförvaltaren. Vidare måste skolan stå för kostnaden och underhåll av den flora som önskas. Dock saknas ekonomiska resurser för att genomföra mer omfattande förändringar. Samtidigt har skolan god tillgång till grönområden, men ser flertal utmaningar med att börja nyttja dessa mer utomhuspedagogiskt.  Ur ett systemteoretiskt perspektiv framkommer ett system av fragmenterade aktörer som inte delar samma hållbarhetsmål och framtidsvision vilket försvårar en systemomställning för hållbarare lärande. Samtidigt framkommer flertal möjligheter för en systemomställning som studien söker belysa. Genom att försöka samla aktörer som vill se grönare skolgårdar och mer utomhuspedagogik för samordning och samverkan samt sätta press på existerande regimer och status quo ökar möjligheten för en systemomställning. / Anthropogenic climate change which is closely connected to a rapid global loss of biodiversity is becoming increasingly problematic and six of the nine planetary boundaries are transgressed. Simultaneously humans’ connection to nature and knowledge about natural systems which they are part of and dependent on is decreasing, especially amongst children and young adults in the growing urban population. To counteract the negative development cities must provide opportunities for direct interaction with a rich variety of flora and fauna. Primary education can provide this via outdoor education which can promote nature connectedness and ecoliteracy. For primary schools to provide this they need access to green schoolyards and green areas which can function as learning landscapes for ecological processes and ecosystems. The study’s purpose was to facilitate conditions for outdoor education that can promote children’s and young adults’ nature connectedness and ecoliteracy. The study was carried out at a primary school with the ambition to promote a more sustainable development. Staff wished to make the schoolyard greener by adding more vegetation and a school garden. The school faced unique challenges since it does not own its schoolyard and changes must therefore be carried out in dialog with the facility management. The school must carry the cost for investments and carry out all maintenance work but lacks the finances to make substantial changes. Concurrently the school has access to nearby green areas but anticipates challenges with utilizing these for outdoor education. From a systems theory perspective, a system of fragmented actors not sharing a common sustainability goal or vision emerges making a change in the system less likely. However, various opportunities for changing the system emerge. By mobilizing actors who wish to see greener schoolyards and more outdoor education to coordinate and cooperate and to pressure existing regimes and the status quo the possibility of changing the system increases.

Introduction:Rwanda is one of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa with the most remarkable health achievements. However, Rwanda is still one of the countries with a high unmet need (34%) and high prevalence of unintended pregnancies. Objective: To examine the association between literacy and unmet need for contraception among women in reproductive age in Rwanda. Research design and methods: A cross-sectional study based on secondary data, derived from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) program. The study population was women in reproductive age (15- 49 years old) who lived in Rwanda. It included 13217 females out of the 13497 after the exclusion of females who are not residents of Rwanda, who are blind or visually impaired and who are need language card. The methodology involved cross tabulations, bivariate and multivariate logistic analyses. Results: There was a significant bivariate association between literacy and unmet need for contraception (OR=1.28; 95% CI 1.17-1.40; p < .001), in which literate females where more likely to have an unmet need for contraception. There was no association between literacy and unmet need when controlling other factors. Others factors such as age, current marital status and province had a strong impact on the unmet need for contraception in the adjusted analysis. Conclusions: Literacy may be associated with the outcome, however, socio-economic factors have a stronger influence on the dependent variable. Regulations, policies and other features such as socio-cultural norms may differ from country to country, therefore it is important to consider the current situation of each country.