La douleur est une expérience désagréable qui fait partie de notre vie. Quand elle ne dure pas longtemps, elle est un signal d’alarme pour notre organisme. Cependant malheureusement, dans certaines conditions pathologiques, elle se prolonge dans le temps, elle devient alors chronique, intolérable, et nécessite un traitement qui ne suffit pas toujours à soulager le patient, un traitement qui dispose une efficacité limitée avec des effets secondaires indésirables non négligeables. Il est crucial alors d’améliorer nos connaissances sur les mécanismes enclenchés dans la transmission douloureuse pour développer des nouveaux outils thérapeutiques. Dans ce contexte, des études menées ces dernières années dans notre laboratoire ont indiqué que les neurones de la corne dorsale de la moelle épinière présentent des propriétés intrinsèques d’amplification des messages afférents douloureux qui reposent notamment sur des courants calciques via les canaux calciques de type L. Pour cela, le rôle de ces canaux L et plus particulièrement le rôle exact de chaque canal : Cav1.2 et Cav1.3, les deux seuls iso-formes des canaux L exprimés dans la corne dorsale de la moelle épinière, dans la sensibilisation douloureuse a été étudié dans la première partie de ce présent travail. Nous avons étudié chez le rat, in vivo, et en utilisant une approche computationnelle pour simuler l’activité neuronale, l’impact de ces courants Cav1.2 et Cav1.3, à la fois sur le phénomène de Wind-up, une forme de sensibilisation à court terme, et sur un modèle de neuropathie périphérie (SNL) caractérisé par une forme de sensibilisation à long terme. Nous avons pu montrer que la présence de Cav1.3 (mais pas de Cav1.2) est crucial pour l’expression du Wind-up quel que soit le contexte physiopathologique (contrôle/neuropathie), alors que la suppression de Cav1.2 (mais pas de Cav1.3) diminue significativement l’expression du comportement douloureux dans le contexte de neuropathie. D’autre part, il a été montré également dans notre laboratoire que les récepteurs métabotropiques de groupe I (mGluRs I), récepteurs du Glutamate, principal neurotransmetteur excitateur dans la transmission nociceptive, interagissent avec ces canaux L en modulant leur activité. Dans des conditions pathologiques telles que les conditions des douleurs inflammatoires le rôle de ces canaux L est controversé, et si l’interaction entre les mGluRs I et les canaux L est toujours présente dans ces conditions inflammatoires est mal connue. Nous avons décidé alors d’étudier dans la deuxième partie de ce travail le rôle de ces canaux L, et leur interaction avec les mGluRs I dans les conditions des douleurs inflammatoires. En utilisant des approches : l’électrophysiologie extracellulaire in vivo, pharmacologie, comportement, les injections intrathécales, et biologie moléculaire, nous avons montré que l’activation pharmacologique des mGluRs I augmente la transmission nociceptive et que cet effet nécessite l’activation des canaux calciques de type L dans les conditions contrôles. D'une façon inattendue, dans le contexte d’inflammation, nos résultats ont montré que l’activation des mGluRs I induit un effet totalement opposé anti-nociceptif et que cet effet est indépendant des canaux L. En plus, nous confirmons que le blocage des canaux L est sans effet dans le cas d’inflammation. D’autre part, nous avons montré que l’effet contradictoire dû à l’activation des mGluRs I passe par un renforcement de la transmission inhibitrice. En conclusion, nos résultats montrent l’intérêt de cibler les canaux calciques de type L et plus précisément le canal Cav1.2 dans le cadre des douleurs chroniques neuropathiques. De plus, nous montrons aussi que les mGluRs I pourraient être des bons candidats thérapeutiques dans le contexte inflammatoire. / Pain is an unpleasant experience which is part of our lives. When it does not last long time, it is often a warning sign for our organism. However unfortunately, in some pathological cases, it can last a long time, and become chronic, intolerable, and requires a treatment that is not always enough to relieve the patient, a treatment that has limited efficacy with significant undesirable side effects. It is important now to ameliorate our knowledge about the mechanisms implicated in pain transmission to develop new therapeutic tools. In this context, many studies conducted in recent years in our laboratory have indicated that the neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord express intrinsic amplification properties of afferents input rely on calcium currents via the L type calcium channels. For that, the role of L type calcium channels and especially the role exact of each canal: Cav1.2 and Cav1.3, the two only iso-forms of L channels expressed in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, in the painful sensitization has been studied in the first part of this present work. We studied in rat, in vivo, and by using a computational approach to simulate neuronal activity, the impact of these currents Cav1.2 and Cav1.3, both on the phenomenon of Wind-up, a form of short term sensitization, and in the model of a peripheral neuropathy model (SNL) characterized by a form of long-term sensitization. We showed that the presence of Cav1.3 (but not the Cav1.2) is important for Wind-up’s expression regardless of the physio-pathological context (control / neuropathy), whereas the removal of Cav1.2 (but not Cav1.3) decreases significantly the expression of the pain behavior in the context of neuropathy. In another side, it has been shown in our laboratory that group I metabotropic glutamatergic receptors (mGluRs I), receptors of Glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter in nociceptive transmission, interact with L channels by modulating their activity. In pathological condition such in the condition of inflammatory pain the role of these channels L is controversial, and if the interaction between mGluRs I and L channels is always present in these inflammatory conditions is poorly known. We decided then to study in the second part of this work the role of these channels, and their interaction with mGluRs I in the condition of inflammatory pain. By using electrophysiological extracellular recording, pharmacology, behavior, intrathecal injections, and molecular biology, we showed that pharmacological activation of mGluRs I increase the nociceptive transmission and that this effect requires the activation of L type calcium channels in control conditions. Unexpectedly, in the context of the inflammation, our results show that activation of mGluRs I induce an anti-nociceptive effect and this effect is independent of L channels. Moreover, we confirmed that the blockade of L calcium channels is without effect in case of the inflammation. Furthermore, we showed that the contradictory effect due to the activation of mGluRs I pass through a strengthening of inhibitory transmission. In conclusion, our results show the interest to target L type calcium channels and more specifically the Cav1.2 channel in case of neuropathic chronic pain. We also show that mGluRs I could be good therapeutic candidates in the inflammatory context.

Teas and infusions from C. spiralis leaf have largely been used by folk medicine as diuretic, hypotensor, cytotoxic, immunomodulator, antilithiasic, antidiarrheic, antispasmodic, antiurolitic, antimicrobian, antifungic, antioxidant, antileishmania activity, antiinflamatory, and antiedematogenic activity. In spite of these biological effects attributed to the extracts of C. spiralis, nothing so far could be found in the scientific literature dealing with its effects on the mammalian myocardium.The present study aimed to describe the inotropic effects produced by extracts from the C. spiralis leaf on isolated guinea pig atrium, as well as to contribute for a better understanding about its mechanism of action in that tissue. In isolated mouse cardiomyocytes, the effect produced by those extracts on the intracellular calcium transient and on the sarcolemal L-type calcium current were also measured. Experiments performed to evaluate the contractile effects were carried out on isolated atrium from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). Firstly, our purpose was to determine the most potent fraction obtained from the C. spiralis leaf. This was done by comparing the hydroalchoolic crude extract with the following ones: aqueous, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. A phytochemical analysis was performed on the fraction exhibiting the greater potency. This evaluation followed the procedures proposed by Matos (1997). The content of sodium and potassium in the most potent fraction was determined by flame photometry. In the contractile experiments, the atrial force was measured isometrically. Biological signals were captured, amplified, and then stored in computer to be processed off line. Intracellular calcium transients were studied by confocal microscopy with laser scanning by using the fluorescent dye FLUO 4AM. Calcium inward currents were measured in mouse cardiomyocytes by using patch clamp technique in the whole cell configuration. Yield percentage of the aqueous fraction (AqF) was 69,40%. This fraction showed the most potent depressor effect on the myocardial contractility (EC50 = 305 ± 41,00 mg/L, Hill constant = 1,46 ± 0,19). The following metabolites were found in the AqF: tannins, saponins, and polifenols (flavonol, flavononol, flavone, xanthone, phenol, and flavonoid). The potassium and sodium contents in 1 g/L of AqF were 1,91 and 0,15 mM, respectively. This was not enough to change the myocardial inotropism, even in the highest concentration of AqF used in the experiments. The contraction and the relaxation time, as well as the time related to the excitation-contraction coupling (stimulus-response) were not modified by adding AqF to the organ bath. However, AqF reduced the Efficiency Index for the contraction and relaxation phases. The Neyler & Merrillees protocol was employed to evaluate the AqF effect on the calcium inward current in myocardial cells. Our results showed that AqF is able to completely abolish the Bowditch phenomenon, suggesting that it could be acting by reducing the sarcolemal calcium current. Supported by those experimental evidences, experiments were proposed to better understand the relationship between AqF and calcium mechanisms in cardiac cells. The following results were obtained with 1,5 g/L AqF: 1) AqF completely abolished the positive inotropic effect induced by isoproterenol (10-1 to 103 pM); 2) AqF shifted rightwardly the concentration-effect curve for CaCl2 (0.5 to 7.0 mM) and increased the EC50 from 1.12 ± 0.07 (Hill = 1.5) to 7.23 ± 0.47 mM (Hill = 7.4) (n = 3; p < 0.05); 3) AqF completely abolished the positive inotropic effect of (-) BAY K8644 (5 to 2000 nM); 4) AqF reduced the intracellular fluorescence from 4.66 ±1.17 to 3.74 ± 1.0 a.u. (n = 30 cells, 4 mice, p < 0.05); 5) AqF did not modify the decay rate of the fluorescent signal (892 ± 37 to 930 ± 30 ms, n = 30 cells, 4 mice, p > 0.05), indicating that it does not interfiere with the calcium removal from the sarcoplasm; 6) AqF reduced the calcium inward current through L-type calcium channels from 6,29 ± 0,34 to 4,9 ± 0,2 A/F (23% , n = 5 animals, p < 0,05). This study brought us unto the following conclusions: 1) AqF is the most potent fraction obtained from C. spirallis leaves; 2) AqF contains the following secondary metabolites: tannins, saponins, and poliphenols; 3) AqF reduces the contraction force of the guinea pig left atrium; 4) AqF acts on the myocardium contractility by reducing the calcium entry in myocardial cells during contraction. / Preparados de Costus spiralis têm sido usados pela medicina popular (diurético, hipotensor, citotóxico, imunomodulador, antilitiásico, antidiarréico, antiespasmódico, antiurolítico, antimicrobiano, antifúngico, antioxidante, antileishmânia, anti-inflamatório e antiedematogênico). Apesar da gama de ações a eles atribuídas, nada pôde ser encontrado na literatura científica com respeito ao possível efeito dos Este trabalho visou determinar os efeitos inotrópicos obtidos das folhas de C. spiralis, que apresentava maior potência, bem como contribuir para o mecanismo de ação desse preparado no miocárdio de mamíferos. Os experimentos sobre contração foram realizados em átrio esquerdo de cobaia (Cavia porcellus), enquanto que as medidas de transiente de cálcio intracelular e de corrente de membrana foram feitas em cardiomiócitos de camundongo. A investigação fitoquímica do preparado mais ativo foi conduzida segundo Matos (1997). Os teores de sódio e de potássio presentes na fração mais potente, foram determinados por fotometria de chama. A força de contração atrial foi captada isometricamente e, depois amplificada, foi armazenada em computador. O transiente de cálcio intracelular foi avaliado com microscopia confocal de varredura a laser. As correntes de cálcio sarcolemais foram medidas em cardiomiócitos submetidos à técnica do patch clamp ( whole cell ). A fração aquosa (FAq) foi a que apresentou maior rendimento (69,40%) e a que exerceu maior efeito inotrópico negativo (CE50 = 305 ± 41,00 mg/L, Hill = 1,46 ± 0,19). Na sua constituição foram detectadas as seguintes classes de metabólitos secundários: taninos e saponinas, com reação fortemente positiva, e os polifenóis, com reação positiva (flavonóis, flavononóis, flavonas, xantonas, fenóis e flavonóides). Em 1 g/L de FAq foram encontrados 1,91 mM de potássio e 0,15 mM de sódio. A adição de FAq ao Tyrode não modificou significativamente a concentração desses íons. Os tempos de contração e de relaxamento, bem como o tempo de acoplamento eletromecânico não foram alterados pela FAq. Contudo, ela reduziu os Índices de Eficiência da contração e do relaxamento. A FAq aboliu completamente o fenômeno de Bowditch induzido por alta frequência de estimulação, indicando que ela reduz a entrada desse íon nas células. Com base nessa evidência, foram realizados protocolos para aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a participação das correntes de cálcio no mecanismo cardiodepressor da FAq. Esta fração produziu os seguintes resultados: 1) aboliu completamente o efeito inotrópico positivo do isoproterenol (10-1 a 103 pM); 2) deslocou para a direita a curva concentração-efeito para o CaCl2 (0,5 a 7,0 mM), aumentando a CE50 de 1,12 ± 0,07 (Hill = 1,5) para 7,23 ± 0,47 mM (Hill = 7,4) (n = 3; p < 0,05); 3) aboliu completamente o efeito inotrópico positivo do (-) BAY K8644 (5 a 2000 nM); 4) reduziu em cerca de 20% o pico da fluorescência intracelular correspondente ao transiente de cálcio citoplasmático (controle: n = 30 células; teste: n = 27 células; 4 animais); 5) não modificou a velocidade de decaimento do sinal de fluorescência, o que significa que ela não interfere com o funcionamento da bomba de cálcio do retículo sarcoplasmático; 6) reduziu em 23% a densidade de corrente de cálcio tipo-L que variou de -6,29 ± 0,34 para -4,9 ± 0,2 A/F (n = 5 animais, p < 0,05). 1) a FAq foi a fração com maior potência inotrópica; 2) os principais metabólitos secundários presentes na FAq foram taninos, saponinas e polifenóis; 3) a FAq reduz a força de contração do átrio; 4) o mecanismo da ação cardiodepressora da FAq sobre a contratilidade miocárdica se deve à diminuição da disponibilização do cálcio durante a contração.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The farnesol (C15H26O) is a sesquiterpene alcohol found in herbs and essential oils. Research show some beneficial properties of farnesol as: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive properties. However, the farnesol futher inhibition of activity of L-type calcium channels in smooth muscle. This study sought to analyze the involvement of calcium channels L-type in the cardiodepressant farnesol response in the rat heart. To this, contractile studies were conducted on left atria drawn to rest tension 5mN (0,5gf) and subjected to field stimulation with above-threshold current pulses of the 1 Hz, kept in isolated organ vessel, submerged in Krebs-Henseleit solution (8 mL) and aerated with carbogênica mixture (95% O2 and 5% CO2). The atrial contraction force was capture by an isometric transducer. Electrocardiographic recordings were performe on isolated heart, aortic perfusion under a constant flow (10 ml / min) Langendorff type system. The hearts were keep spontaneously beating, to determine the heart rate, and in heart stimulated were determined PR interval (PRI), QT (QTi) and complex QRS. Left ventricular pressure was determined in the heart stimulated electrically by means of a balloon inflated with water at a pressure of 15 cmHg. In rat left atrium, the farnesol response to the contraction strength showed a negative inotropic effect, reducing the contraction force at 41.63% at the maximum concentration used, with an EC50 of 2.84 ± 0.19 mM. To evaluate the effect of farnesol of the positive inotropic response of CaCl2 and (±)-Bay K8644 was observed that the farnesol shifted to the right CaCl2 concentration-response curve and decreased maximum efficiency (100% to 23%) and abolished curve of (±)-Bay K8644. TEA was use to evaluate the role of K+ channels in the negative inotropic response and the maximum effect by farnesol (41.63 to 63.02%) was increased. In isolated heart, there was an increase of PRI, QTi and QRS complex, and reduced left ventricular pressure (37, 38%) and heart rate (25.22%). Thus, farnesol exerts inotropic and negative chronotropic responses in the heart by reducing current to the L-type Ca2+. / O farnesol (C15H26O) é um álcool sesquiterpênico encontrado em óleos essenciais e ervas aromáticas. Pesquisas evidenciam algumas propriedades benéficas do farnesol como: propriedades antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórias e quimiopreventivas. Entretanto, o farnesol promoveu inibição dos canais de cálcio tipo-L em músculo liso. Neste trabalho procurou-se analisar os efeitos do farnesol sobre os mecanismos contráteis e eletrofisiológicos sobre o coração de rato. Para esse fim, os estudos contráteis foram realizados em átrios esquerdo estirados a para uma tensão de repouso de 5mN (0,5gf) e submetidos a estimulação de campo com pulsos de corrente supralimiares de 1 Hz, mantido em cuba para órgão isolado, submerso em solução de Krebs-Henseleit (8 mL) e aerado com mistura carbogênica (95 % O2 e 5 % CO2). A força de contração atrial foi captada por um transdutor isométrico. Os registros eletrocardiográficos foram obtidos em coração isolado, sob perfusão aórtica de fluxo constante (10 mL/min), em sistema de Langendorff. Os corações foram mantidos com batimento espontâneo, para determinar a frequência cardíaca, e em corações estimulados foram determinados os intervalos PR (PRi), QT (QTi) e complexo QRS. A pressão ventricular esquerda foi determinada, em coração estimulado eletricamente, por meio de um balonete insuflado com água até uma pressão de 15 cmHg. Em átrio esquerdo de rato, a resposta do farnesol sobre a força de contração apresentou efeito inotrópico negativo, diminuindo a força de contração em 41,63% na concentração máxima usada, apresentando uma CE50 de 2,843 ± 0,19 mM. Ao avaliar o efeito do farnesol sobre a resposta inotrópica positiva do CaCl2 e (±)-BAY K8644 foi observado que o farnesol deslocou para direita a curva concentração-resposta do CaCl2 e diminuiu a eficácia máxima (100% para 23%) e aboliu a curva do (±)-BAY K8644. Para avaliar a participação dos canais para potássio na resposta inotrópica negativa foi utilizado TEA tendo aumento da eficácia máxima do farnesol de 41,63 para 63,02%. Em coração isolado, foi observado aumento do PRi, QTi e complexo QRS, e redução da pressão ventricular esquerda (37,38%) e frequência cardíaca (25,22%). Assim sendo, o farnesol exerce respostas inotrópicas e cronotrópicas negativas no coração, por redução das correntes para Ca2+ tipo-L.

Agelanthus dodoneifolius est une plante de la pharmacopée africaine utilisée en médecine traditionnelle pour le traitement de pathologies cardiovasculaires. Un fractionnement bioguidé a permis d'isoler une nouvelle dihydropyranone : baptisée Dodonéine (Ddn), elle possède des propriétés hypotensives et vasorelaxantes chez le rat.L'objectif de la thèse est de caractériser la ou les cible(s) moléculaire(s) de la Ddn dans le système cardiovasculaire et d'identifier un dérivé plus sélectif.Nos résultats montrent que la Ddn bloque le courant calcique de type L des cardiomyocytes ventriculaires de rat et des cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires, d'environ 30% avec une IC50 de l'ordre du µM. La Ddn apparaît comme un nouveau bloqueur des canaux calciques de type L avec des propriétés électrophysiologiques qui lui sont propres. Une étude biochimique a montré que l'anhydrase carbonique (CA) est également inhibée par la Ddn, et nous avons caractérisé l'expression de plusieurs isoformes au sein de muscle lisse vasculaire : CA II, III, XIII et XIV. Nos travaux précisent que leur inhibition augmente le pH intracellulaire, pouvant conduire à l'activation des canaux KCa. Ainsi, la Ddn induit un effet vasorelaxant en inhibant deux protéines: les canaux calciques et l'anhydrase carbonique. Nous avons ensuite démontré que les dérivés de la Ddn nouvellement synthétisés sont aussi vasorelaxants ; toutefois, le plus efficace, la Ddn-Bicyclique-OH, ne concurrence pas les bloqueurs calciques utilisés en clinique. Cependant, l'effet vasorelaxant de la Ddn et Ddn-Bc-OH caractérisé sur des artères systémiques humaines est en accord avec l'utilisation de la plante en médecine traditionnelle. / Agelanthus dodoneifolius is one of the medicinal plants used in African pharmacopeia and traditional medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Bioguided fractionation has allowed isolating one of its main active principles named Dodoneine (Ddn). It is a new dihydropyranone which exerts hypotensive and vasorelaxant effects on rat.The aim of this work is to characterize the molecular(s) target(s) of Ddn on cardiovascular system and identify the most selective and effective Ddn's derivative.Electrophysiological studies revealed that Ddn blocks L-type calcium current density of about 30% with an IC50 value of about 2 µM on cardiac myocytes and on vascular smooth muscle cells. Ddn appears as a new natural calcium channel blocker which has its own electrophysiological properties. As it has been shown, by biochemical study, that carbonic anhydrase is a potential target for Ddn, we have demonstrated that isozymes II, III, XIII are present on vascular smooth muscle cells and inhibited by Ddn. This inhibition resulted in a rise in pHi of about 0.31, leading to KCa channel activation. Interestingly, Ddn induced vasorelaxation by targeting two proteins: calcium channel and carbonic anhydrase. Then, we demonstrated that Ddn's derivatives newly synthetized have also vasorelaxant properties via the inhibition of L-type calcium current. Among them, Ddn-Bicyclique-OH is the most effective but appears not to be a better pharmacological tool compared to the calcium channel blockers already use in clinical. However, in accordance to the use of the plant in traditional medicine, our results clearly show that Ddn and Ddn-Bc-OH induce a vasorelaxant effect on human systemic artery.

Membrane excitability, gene expression, and neurotransmitter release are all controlled by voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ (L- )channels. In turn, Ca2+ channels are highly regulated by signal transduction cascades initiated by G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation. In medium spiny neurons of the striatum, both the muscarinic M1 receptors (M1R) and dopaminergic D2 receptors (D2R) specifically inhibit the Cav1.3 L-channel. In Chapters III and IV, the pathways downstream of M1Rs and D2Rs are examined to determine whether an overlap or intersection in inhibition of Cav1.3 occurs by these two receptors. Transient transfection of Cav1.3 channels in HEK 293 cells, stably transfected with the M1R, and in ST14A cells were used as model systems. While a further characterization of ST14A cells determined that they exhibit a striatal profile, D2Rs or M1Rs did not inhibit Cav1.3. Lack of current inhibition may be due to the finding of no detectable expression of phospholipase Cβ-1 protein in ST14A cells. Ca2+ channels are multiprotein complexes comprised of α1, β, and α2δ subunits. While the actions of arachidonic acid (AA) have been shown to mimic M1R inhibition of L-current in superior cervical ganglion neurons, the precise identity of the L-channel in these neurons -either Cav1.2 or Cav1.3 or both- is not known. The transfected model systems allowed for the analysis of whole-cells currents with different β subunit combinations as well as the study of only Cav1.3 channels. In Chapter III, I show that activation of M1Rs with the agonist Oxo-M inhibited Cav1.3 channels coexpressed with either β1b, β2a, β3, or β4 subunits. Surprisingly, the magnitude of Cav1.3, β2a currents was inhibited less than Cav1.3 currents with other β subunits. In Chapter V, AA is shown to mimic the profile of M1R stimulation on Cav1.3 currents. The magnitude of Cav1.3, β2a currents was inhibited less than Cav1.3 currents with other β subunits by AA. This discovery points to a novel role for accessory β subunits in altering the magnitude of AA inhibition and kinetic changes of Cav1.3. Arachidonic acid (AA) inhibits Ca2+ channels by an unknown mechanism at an unknown site. In Chapter V, I found that Cavl.3 inhibition by AA was state-dependent and most likely stabilizes a closed channel conformation. The finding that the Ca2+ channel accessory β subunit alters the magnitude of AA inhibition and kinetic changes of Cav1.3 suggests that AA could alter processes which rely on L-channels such as Ca2+-dependent gene expression, secretion and membrane excitability.

Les antagonistes des récepteurs aux minéralocorticoïdes (MR) appartiennent à l'arsenal thérapeutique pour le traitement de diverses maladies cardiovasculaires, mais les mécanismes conférant leurs effets bénéfiques sont encore mal compris. Une partie de ces effets peuvent être liée à la régulation de l'expression du canal Ca2+ de type L Cav1.2, largement impliqué dans l'insuffisance cardiaque et l'hypertension. Nous montrons que MR fonctionne comme un facteur de transcription transformant le signal de l'aldostérone dans l'utilisation du 'cardiaque' promoteur alternatif P1, dirigeant l'expression du long N-terminal transcrit (Cav1.2-LNT. L'aldostérone augmente de façon concentration- et de temps dépendente l'expression de Cav1.2-LNT dans les cardiomyocytes en raison de l'activation du promoteur P1, par interactions des MR avec des séquences spécifiques de l'ADN sur le promoter P1. Ce mécanisme de cis-régulation induit l'activation de promoteur P1 dans les cellules vasculaires conduisant à une nouvelle signature moléculaire de Cav1.2-LNT associé à une sensibilité réduite aux bloqueurs des canaux Ca2+. Ces résultats révèlent Cav1.2-LNT comme une cible minéralocorticoïde spécifique qui pourrait influencer sur l'éfficacité thérapeutique dans les maladies cardiovasculaires. / The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists belong to the current therapeutic armamentarium for the management of cardiovascular diseases, but the mechanisms conferring their beneficial effects are still poorly understood. Part of these MR effects might be related to the L-type Cav1.2 Ca2+ channel expression regulation, critically involved in heart failure and hypertension. Here, we show that MR acts as a transcription factor triggering aldosterone signal into specific alternative 'cardiac' P1-promoter usage, given rise to long (Cav1.2-LNT) N-terminal transcripts. Aldosterone increases Cav1.2-LNT expression in cardiomyocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner due to MR-dependent P1-promoter activity, through specific DNA sequence-MR interactions. This cis-regulatory mechanism induced a MR-dependent P1-promoter switch in vascular cells leading to a new Cav1.2-LNT molecular signature with reduced Ca2+ channel blocker sensitivity. These findings uncover Cav1.2-LNT as a specific mineralocorticoid target that might influence the therapeutic outcome of cardiovascular diseases.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第24485号 / 医博第4927号 / 新制||医||1063(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 江藤 浩之, 教授 湊谷 謙司, 教授 大鶴 繁 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

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