Nurses are often promoted or hired into leadership positions without the benefit of a formal orientation to their new leadership positions. The challenge of navigating the various expectations of the role of clinical nurse leader (CNL) such as fiscal ownership, staffing patterns, payroll, and disciplinary action process can be overwhelming. The lack of a formalized orientation process and an identified nurse leader to function as a mentor can contribute to the novice CNL feeling unsupported and overwhelmed. The purpose of this project was to identify, develop, and evaluate a CNL orientation manual, outline, and program for newly appointed CNLs. The desired outcome for this doctor of nursing practice project was the education and preparation of CNLs who will navigate the various facets of the role and retain their positions longterm. The Association of Nurse Executives nurse leader model was used to guide the project. A panel of 5 CNL experts evaluated the manual outline and content using a 5-question Likert scale survey. Findings indicated 100% of the participants agreed or strongly agreed with the importance of the topics covered and 80% agreed with the content covered in the manual outline. The project is expected to promote positive social change by preparing new CNLs to meet the requirements of leadership positions.

This thesis considers the evolution of narrative art in Judaism and early Christianity, and deals in particular with narrative figure scenes in which Moses is the principal figure. Current theories, espoused by the late Kurt Weitzmann, posit the existence of a Jewish illustrated manuscript tradition dating back to the Hellenistic period, which could have been the source for Old Testament scenes in art. In the light of these proposals and taking into account more recent narrative theory, this study of early Moses scenes in art takes up the suggestion that a large range of visual narrative scenes, closely following a given text and with a tendency for these scenes to be arranged in narrative sequence, might indicate the presence of a lost illustrated manuscript which artists are using as their model. Stories about Moses originate from within Judaism, and are mentioned also in Christian texts for the first three centuries AD, when Moses is regarded as the forerunner of Christ. While earlier Jewish art largely conformed to the proscription against figural art, narrative figure scenes illustrating Old Testament stories are known from the late second century AD. In the synagogue at Dura Europos (AD c.250), the range of biblical imagery includes five or six scenes illustrating stories from Exodus and Numbers, although Weitzmann�s criteria are only partially fulfilled. During the third century AD, when the earliest Christian art is found, Christians use Old Testament imagery as well, including a cycle of scenes illustrating the story of Jonah. The decoration in the baptistery in the Christian house at Dura, like that in the synagogue there, shows some interest in visual narrative, although in this case no Moses scenes are involved. At this time there is only one Moses story certainly illustrated in Christian art, The miracle of the spring (based on Exodus 17), which occurs in funerary art in Rome. The iconography for this scene is used "emblematically" to promote ideas rather than stories about Moses. If at this time Christian artists know of a narrative cycle involving Moses, they show very little interest in reflecting this.

There are many variants of leader election algorithm in distributed networks. In this research, an agent based approach to leader election in distributed networks is investigated. Agents have shown to be useful in several ways. In the theoretical perspective, agents sometime help in reducing the message complexity of the system and sometimes help in lowering time complexity. In a more practical sense, agents perform operations independent of the processors, thereby lending a more flexible algorithm supporting different types of networks.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur rekryteringsprocessen vid anställning av chef går till samt vikten av organisatorisk och personlig matchning av chef och företag. Författarna är även intresserade av betydelsen av psykologiska kontrakt i rekryteringssammanhang. Studien är inriktad mot rekryteringsföretag specialiserade på chefsrekrytering som organisationsmässigt skiljer sig så mycket som möjligt från varandra för att få en bredare syn. Undersökningen har delats in i olika områden som består av rekryteringsprocessen, meriter och personlighet samt organisatorisk passform. Studien är utförd genom intervjuer på sju deltagande rekryteringsföretag belägna i Mälardalen. Resultatet visar att det avgörande för rekryteringsprocessen är kravprofilsmötet där rekryteraren möter företaget som ska anställa. Efter en grundläggande kompetens passande uppdraget, är det personligheten som avgör vem som får jobbet.

This research builds on Implicit Leadership Theory, which suggests that a leader's performance is likely to be higher when there is congruence between a follower's prototype of what a leader should be and his or her perception of the leader's behaviour. The essence of effective leadership, according to this theory, is being seen as a leader by others. Data were collected from 196 leaders and 1,738 followers from 23 countries within Cargill Incorporated, a US food and agricultural multinational. The research was conducted in two phases. During the first phase data were collected on followers' desired leadership values and their perception of their leader's behaviour on the same dimensions. These data were used to compute a congruence score based on a weighted sum of absolute differences. The congruence score data formed the heart of an individualised Leadership Fit Report written for each leader in the study showing the extent of congruence across 21 leadership characteristics (see Appendix A). The second phase of the study focused on a subset of 933 followers from five countries testing the two hypotheses. The two hypotheses in Phase Two were partially supported. The first was that congruence between desired leadership values and perceived behaviour leads to high performance of a leader and incongruence leads to lower performance. The second was that the relationship between congruence and leader performance varied by nationality. The cross-cultural test of Implicit Leadership Theory captured in Hypothesis 2 was particularly important to Cargill because it revealed unique and important differences between the five countries included in the second data set. This study found that the nature of the relationship between congruence and leader performance varies significantly between all five countries. More specifically the data suggests that congruence does not always lead to high performance. This study, albeit exploratory, makes theoretical, methodological and practical contributions in the following ways. i. A cross cultural test of Implicit Leadership Theory in a multinational organisation with a significant sample size. ii. An existing desired leadership values questionnaire was used and developed further to measure leadership values and leader perception. iii. All 196 leaders received a personalised feedback report showing the level of congruence (or degree of fit) for 21 leadership characteristics. iv. A methodological contribution was made by using Polynomial Regression Equations and Response Surface Methodology to measure the nature of the relationship between desired leadership values, perceived behaviour and leaders' performance. Implicit Leadership Theory was shown to be complex yet very relevant to management practice. The research undertaken was exploratory yet it has created the basis for on going discussion.

En écho à la diversité des modèles théoriques du leadership auxquels sont exposés les individus, il est probable que ces derniers aient des représentations diversifiées du leadership. Certaines études traitant du leadership avancent que le leadership d'une personne dépendrait de son adéquation avec la représentation individuelle ou groupale de ce qu'est un leader. Par ailleurs, des études réseaux traitant de la similitude entre les représentations des individus suggèrent un lien entre cette similitude et l'influence des membres d'un groupe. À la suite de ces travaux, la présente étude a eu pour objectif de vérifier s'il existe un lien entre la similitude ou dissimilitude de représentation du leadership (exprimées dans le discours) des individus et l'émergence du leadership. Les données sont constituées d'enregistrements de quarante-cinq rencontres sur une période de 10 semaines et de questionnaires sociométriques. L'hypothèse n'a pu être vérifiée. Toutefois, il a été possible de remarquer au sein des représentations du leadership répertoriées une forte présence des conceptions du leadership caractéristiques de la famille de recherche portant sur les attributs du leader. L'hypothèse principale a été élargie de manière à vérifier si la similarité de discours dans son ensemble (c'est-à-dire ne portant pas spécifiquement sur le leadership) entre les membres d'un groupe est liée à l'émergence de leadership. Les résultats montrent une forte corrélation entre l'influence accordée à un membre et la similarité de son discours avec les autres membres de son groupe. À la lumière de ces résultats, de nouvelles directions sont explorées tant d'un point de vue théorique que méthodologique. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Leadership, groupe restreint, équipe, centralité, similitude, influence, réseau, quantitatif.

Un champion est « toute personne qui a apporté une contribution décisive à un projet en promouvant activement et avec enthousiasme son avancée au cours de ses phases critiques de manière à obtenir des ressources ou un soutien actif du top management. » (Roure, 2000). Cette étude analyse les caractéristiques des champions dans les organisations et leurs relations avec la performance des projets des entreprises à partir de données récoltées auprès de 115 gestionnaires inscrits dans un programme de M.B.A cadre d'une université canadienne en 2010. La méthode utilisée est celle du questionnaire et les analyses des données ont été traitées avec le logiciel statistique SPSS. Les résultats que nous obtenons sur les champions montrent, qu'en moyenne, les champions sont des hommes âgés d'au-moins 46 ans. Ils détiennent un diplôme universitaire, travaillent en tant que cadres ou cadres supérieurs dans les organisations et sont essentiellement issu du secteur privé. Les champions sont également des personnes proactives, leader, innovateur, audacieux, ambitieux et généreux. Au travail, les champions sont énergiques et passionnés quand ils parlent aux autres, ils sont excités par les nouveaux défis. Les champions performent bien sous la pression et au travail, ils cherchent des tâches qui vont les stimuler. De plus, selon les champions, les gens devraient être audacieux au travail et il est important que les personnes prennent le temps d'interagir avec ceux qui ne travaillent pas directement avec eux. Dans cette étude, nous avons également testé deux hypothèses pour voir s'il existait une relation entre les champions et la performance des projets des entreprises et si oui, constater si cette relation est positive ou négative. L'hypothèse H1 suppose que la présence des champions augmente la performance des projets des entreprises et l'hypothèse H2 stipule que les champions ont une influence négative sur la performance des projets des entreprises. L'hypothèse H1 est représentée par 3 variables : sans un champion, il n’y aurait pas d'innovation dans l'organisation, le succès de l'organisation s'explique en partie par le rôle du champion et un champion est essentiel au succès des projets, L'hypothèse H2 est, quant à elle, représentée par une seule variable : avoir un champion dans l'organisation cause plus de trouble que de bien. Les résultats supportent faiblement l'hypothèse H1 (3,4/5 sur une échelle de Likert en 5 points) et rejettent fortement l'hypothèse H2 (l,53/5 sur une échelle de Likert en 5 points). Par conséquent, cette étude permet de dresser un portrait des champions dans les organisations et montre qu'il existe une relation faiblement positive entre les champions et la performance des projets des entreprises. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : champions, performance des projets, traits de personnalité, comportements au travail, leadership.

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Background: Working in a project setting has been common since the nineteenth-century and has been developed in numerous industries until today. Nevertheless, we have found a gap in research, to separately study managers’ and leaders’ way to influence the success in projects. We believe that to study how the functions of managers and leaders affect the outcome of a project, will bring new knowledge for how the people involved in a project can create a successful project. This is important and interesting to be aware of due to the increasing working method nowadays, which is to work in projects. With more knowledge for what act that affect a successful project, the easier it will be for the manager and/or leader involved in a project to reach the set of objectives for the project and then create a successful outcome.   Problem: Since working in the form of projects is a common method today, it is interesting to see which functions of the project manager that is most important to develop, to be able to reach the objectives of a project. This can be measured by using The Iron Triangle, and by that evaluate how the functions of managers and leaders, explained by Kotter, influence project success. Kotter’s functions of managers and leaders are until today only applied in the context of organizations; therefore we want to see how these might influence in a project situation.   Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to see how Kotter’s functions of managers and leaders influence the objectives for a project, using the criteria in The Iron Triangle for measuring project success. Method: The thesis is based on face-to-face interviews with three project managers. The interviews were divided into two parts; the first part with opened questions and the second part with closed questions. The empirical findings have been analyzed with the theories from the frame of reference as a foundation. By doing so, the theories have been challenged to as well as strengthened to the findings based on the interview material. Conclusion: Based on the findings from the interviews with the projects managers, we can conclude that the theory presented in the frame of reference; Kotter’s functions of managers and leaders in combination with the The Iron Triangle, are not completely relevant in all situations when measuring the success of a project. All functions of Kotter are not required and all criteria in The Iron Triangle are not important for measuring the success. Additional finding was that one essential part for the project success was that the objective for a project should be set and clearly spelled out in advance to the people involved in order to create a successful outcome.

Title: Construction, Development and Consequences of Job Satisfaction in Banking Sector of PakistanLevel: Second CycleAuthor: Muhammad Naveed Iqbal and Sidra RizviSupervisor: Dr. Maria Fregidou-MalamaDate: 2012, February.Purpose: This study investigates job satisfaction concepts by considering jobs satisfaction factors, leader/manager’s behavior and effects of job satisfaction in the form of organizational efficiency and individual efficiency. It studies the construction, development and consequences of job satisfaction.Design/methodology: The data is collected from commercial bank in Pakistan through a survey by using two different questionnaires, one for employees and one for managers. SPSS technique was used for data analysis.Result & Conclusion: The job satisfaction factors and manager behavior are the input in construction and development of employees’ job satisfaction. Six factors: (promotion, pay, benefit, rewards coworkers and job responsibilities) and managerial style: (middle to the road managerial style) are the most important basis to build the satisfaction level of the employees. Satisfaction/dissatisfaction of an employee affects the organizational efficiency as well as individual efficiency.Contribution: This research helps researchers to use the created model for further extensive research on job satisfaction. It helps the organizations to assess the status of their employee in regard of job satisfaction. Managers can manage polices related to factors and design training accordingly for the desired leadership behavior according to employees preference.Further Suggestion: This research is done in one department of commercial bank in Pakistan. Increase in sample size could produce comprehensive results. National culture effect is ignored in this research that helps to look on different consequences of job satisfaction assessment according to country’s culture. More service sectors such as hospital, insurance, telecommunication etc. should be considered to get more general results.Originality: This research presents construction, development of employee job satisfaction through factors and manager/leader behavior and its results in the form of consequences of satisfaction or dissatisfaction.Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Employees, Job Satisfaction Factors, Manager/Leader