This work investigates the typical denim jean in a sitting position with a focus on serving several possible answers to the question ”are you your legs?”. By exploring both the constructional, preconceptional and expressional possibilities within a pair of jeans, a method of using the waist-line and hem-line as measurement-points is found. The purpose of this study is to investigate the way of wearing jeans in a static seated position. Trough the years mainly the standing body has been used as base to create clothes. Only a few construction- and design-methods has been seen based on a sitting body. By challenging the narrow frame of jeans in both construction and expression, a range of innovative examples are found. Trough keeping and exaggerating the typical jean-details such as stitchings, pockets and flys, the jeans are still recognizable as the typical pair of jeans and the focus on distortion and challenging of a pair of jeans in relation to the sitting body is clear. By using the sitting body as base in both construction and design develpoing the limit is pushed further in questioning what a body is, what it needs and how it could be dressed.

Thesis: B.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 1977 / by Gene Paul Masters. / B.S. / B.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology

RLS är ett neurologiskt tillstånd. Karakteristiska symtom är känselförnimmelser framförallt lokaliserade till de nedre extremiteterna. Besvären upplevs sitta djupt inne i benen och framkalla ett oemotståndligt behov att röra på sig. Beskrivningen av symtomen, dess intensitet och förekomst varierar och är mycket individuell. RLS delas in i primär och sekundär form, beroende på symtomens ursprungliga orsak. Med tanke på att orsaken till RLS ännu är oklar finns inte någon kurativ behandling, men däremot goda möjligheter att lindra symtom och obehag. Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturstudie var att kartlägga hur livskvalitén påverkas hos personer med Restless legs syndrom (RLS). Granskning och kvalitetsbedömning av artiklarna gjordes med hjälp av triangulering utefter ett modifierat granskningsprotokoll. Totalt inkluderades 10 vetenskapliga artiklar av varierande kvalité i litteraturstudien efter litteratursökning i databaserna CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO samt via Cochrane Library. Samtliga studier visade signifikant resultat avseende sänkt livskvalité hos personer med RLS. Resultatet påvisar att personer med RLS har en sänkt livskvalité på grund av begränsningar i fysiska och psykiska funktioner. Personer med RLS upplever låg vitalitet, försämrad psykisk hälsa, lågt emotionellt välbefinnande, upplevelser av depressiva symtom samt begränsningar i sociala funktioner. Vidare faktorer som bidrar till sänkt livskvalité hos personer med RLS är sömnproblem, besvärande symtom, nedsatt fysisk funktion, försämrad fysisk rollfunktion, samt en upplevd sämre generell hälsa och daglig funktion. / RLS is a neurological condition. Characteristic symptoms are tactile sensations especially localized to the lower extremities. The disorder is perceived deep in the legs and provokes an irresistible need to move. Description of symptoms, its intensity and incidence vary and are highly individual. RLS is divided into primary and secondary form depending on the symptom’s original cause. Given that the cause of the RLS still is unclear, there is no curative treatment but good opportunities to alleviate symptoms and discomfort. The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify how the quality of life in people with Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is affected. Review and quality assessment of the articles was made with triangulation along a modified audit protocol. There were totally 10 scientific articles of varying quality included in the literature survey, after literature search in the databases PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library. All studies showed significant results for lower quality of life in people with RLS. The result showed that people with RLS had a reduced quality of life because of limitations in the physical and mental functions. People with RLS were experiencing low vitality, deterioration of mental health, low emotional well-being, experiences of depressive symptoms and restrictions in social functions. Moreover factors affecting the low quality of life in people with RLS were sleeping problems, bothersome symptoms, impaired physical function, loss of physical role functioning and a perceived poor general health and daily function.

Chickens exhibit considerable variation in morphological traits, with some populations having undergone intensive selection for uniqueness and uniformity. These populations are a source of experimental material to study the genetics of morphological traits. An important first step in such studies is to map the genes and the causal mutations that influence these traits. This research focused on gene mapping of 12 morphological traits including 4 intra-feather color patterns (Pattern, Columbian, Melanotic, and mottling), 2 inter-feather color patterns (Blue and chocolate), 2 forms of feathered-legs, polydactyly, dark brown eggshell color, vulture hock, and creeper. Ten backcross and/or F2 populations were designed to produce 1,880 individuals. An additional 339 DNA samples from other populations were included. The procedures for gene mapping were: 1. Pooling of DNA samples of backcross or F2 individuals based on their shared phenotypes, followed by microarray assays for genotyping, a cost-effective initial screen for the candidate genomic regions, 2. Linkage mapping to narrow the range of candidate genes, 3. Sequencing to identify the candidate mutations, 4. Diagnostic tests to confirm the association between the candidate mutation and the phenotype. Of the 12 traits studied, 3 (mottling, Blue, and chocolate) made progress into step 4. Complexities due to genomic context, modifiers, and environmental factors precluded step 4 for the first form of the feathered-leg gene, step 3 for the mapping of Melanotic, and earlier stages for the mapping of Pattern, Columbian, dark brown egg, vulture hock, and the second form of feathered-leg. These findings provide insights of the complexity of how background genome can influence the phenotypic expression of single genes (gene genetic background interactions) and an understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in morphogenesis. / Ph. D. / Chickens, one of the major protein sources in diets for humans, have a long cultural, sport and religious history since their initial domestication during the neolithic period. Darwin wrote of the importance of variation, which today we see for example in size of body, length of shank, number of toes, distribution of feathers, comb types, and plumage color patterns resulting in a plethora of breeds of chickens that differ in appearance. Some of these traits are "simply" inherited, which in the molecular era facilitates the study of relationships between DNA sequences and phenotypes. This dissertation focuses on identification of differences in DNA sequences among chickens responsible for these "simply" inherited phenotypes. The 12 phenotypes that were studied included 6 plumage color patterns (Pattern, Columbian, Melanotic, mottling, Blue, and chocolate), 2 forms of feathered-legs, polydactyly, dark brown eggshell color, vulture hock, and creeper. Designed were ten 3-generation populations to produce 1,880 chickens. An additional 339 DNA samples from other populations were included. Of the 12 phenotypes, 8 involved genotyping of pooled DNA samples, a cost-effective initial screen to target DNA sequences. This was followed by genotyping individual samples in 5 of the more promising studies. Candidate genes identified as associated with these 5 phenotypes underwent further studies which identified differences in DNA sequences associated with 4 of them (mottling, feathered-leg, Blue, and chocolate). These findings provide insights of how DNA sequences contribute to the phenotypic appearance of animals.

No description available.

Background: Symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) have been observed. However, it is unclear whether rates of threshold depression and anxiety disorders according to DSM-IV criteria in such patients are also elevated. Methods: 238 RLS patients were assessed with a standardized diagnostic interview (Munich- Composite International Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV) validated for subjects aged 18–65 years. Rates of anxiety and depressive disorders were compared between 130 RLS patients within this age range and 2265 community respondents from a nationally representative sample with somatic morbidity of other types. Results: RLS patients revealed an increased risk of having 12-month anxiety and depressive disorders with particularly strong associations with panic disorder (OR=4.7; 95% CI=2.1–10.1), generalized anxiety disorder (OR=3.5; 95% CI= 1.7–7.1), and major depression (OR=2.6; 95% CI=1.5–4.4). In addition, lifetime rates of panic disorder and most depressive disorders as well as comorbid depression and anxiety disorders were considerably increased among RLS patients compared with controls. Conclusions: The results suggest that RLS patients are at increased risk of having specific anxiety and depressive disorders. Causal attributions of patients suggest that a considerable proportion of the excess morbidity for depression and panic disorder might be due to RLS symptomatology.

No description available.

Introduction: The Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a frequent neurological disorder with a prevalence ranging from 5 - 10%. RLS is characterized by an urge to move the lower extremities during the night, thus RLS causes sleep disturbance. It presents as both idiopathic and secondary form. Idiopathic RLS is associated with common genetic variants in MEIS1, BTBD9, PTPRD and MAP2K5/SCOR1. Recently, multiple sclerosis (MS) was identified as a common cause for secondary RLS, the prevalence of RLS in patients with MS ranges from 13.3 to 37.5%. The aim of our study was to analyse the clinical and genetic aspects of this disorder, especially in patients with multiple sclerosis. In the clinical part, we evaluated the prevalence of RLS among Czech patients with MS and we compared the extent of brain damage between patients with and without RLS using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the genetic part, we further analysed the impact of known genetic variants (MEIS1, BTBD9, MAP2K5/SCOR1, PTPRD) for RLS in other European populations and in patients with MS. Methods: Clinical part: Each patient with MS underwent a semi-structured interview. A patient was considered to be affected by RLS if he/she met all four standard criteria at life- long interval. Lesion load (LL - T2), brain atrophy - T1 and brain...

Introduction: The Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a frequent neurological disorder with a prevalence ranging from 5 - 10%. RLS is characterized by an urge to move the lower extremities during the night, thus RLS causes sleep disturbance. It presents as both idiopathic and secondary form. Idiopathic RLS is associated with common genetic variants in MEIS1, BTBD9, PTPRD and MAP2K5/SCOR1. Recently, multiple sclerosis (MS) was identified as a common cause for secondary RLS, the prevalence of RLS in patients with MS ranges from 13.3 to 37.5%. The aim of our study was to analyse the clinical and genetic aspects of this disorder, especially in patients with multiple sclerosis. In the clinical part, we evaluated the prevalence of RLS among Czech patients with MS and we compared the extent of brain damage between patients with and without RLS using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the genetic part, we further analysed the impact of known genetic variants (MEIS1, BTBD9, MAP2K5/SCOR1, PTPRD) for RLS in other European populations and in patients with MS. Methods: Clinical part: Each patient with MS underwent a semi-structured interview. A patient was considered to be affected by RLS if he/she met all four standard criteria at life- long interval. Lesion load (LL - T2), brain atrophy - T1 and brain...

Bakgrund: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) är en vanligt förekommande, underdiagnostiserad neurologisk sjukdom som orsakar lidande hos individen. Distriktssköterskor i telefonrådgivning utgör ofta första patiententkontakten med primärvården. Studier gällande distriktssköterskors erfarenhet av individer med RLS-associerade symtom och behandlingsbehov saknas varvid stort behov sågs av studien för ökad identifiering av dessa individer.  Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hur distriktssköterskor erfar symtombild och behandlingsbehov hos individer med RLS-associerade besvär vid telefonrådgivning inom primärvården med fokus på möjligheter och hinder utifrån 4-habits kommunikationsmodell.  Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med innehållsanalys genomfördes med 16 sjuksköterskor och distriktssköterskor yrkesverksamma i sex svenska regioner inom primärvården. En deduktiv ansats utifrån 4-habits kommunikationsmodell genomfördes.  Resultat: Resultatet presenteras utifrån kommunikationsmodellens delar; Investera i början innefattar; Patientmötets påverkansfaktorer, Försöka förstå patientens RLS-associerade symtom och Erfarenhet av RLS-associerade symtom. Ta reda på patientens perspektiv; Patientens symtombeskrivning som utgångspunkt och Symtomens inverkan på patientens livssituation. Visa empati; Förhålla sig till patientens situation och Tillitens betydelse i patientmötet. Investera i slutet; Triagering av patienter med RLS-associerade symtom, Egenvårdsrådgivning vid RLS-associerade symtom och Samsyn i slutet av samtalet. Slutsats: 4-habits kommunikationsmodell utgjorde struktur i distriktssköterskornas telefonrådgivningsarbete. Distriktssköterskorna lyssnade och ville förstå patienter med RLS-associerade symtom men begränsad kunskap avseende symtom och behandlingsbehov samt tidspress var hindrande faktorer. / Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common, underdiagnosed neurological disease that causes great suffering. Primary healthcare nurses in telephone counseling are often patient's first contact with primary care. Studies regarding primary healthcare nurses experiences of individuals with RLS-associated symptoms and treatment needs are lacking. This study could contribute to increased awareness.  Purpose: The purpose was to describe how primary healthcare nurses experience symptoms and treatment needs of individuals with RLS-associated symptoms during telephone counseling in primary care with focus on opportunities and obstacles based on the 4-habits model. Method: A qualitative interview study with content analysis was conducted with 16 nurses working in six Swedish regions within primary healthcare. A deductive approach based on the 4-habits communication model was carried out. Results: Opportunities and obstacles in the primary healthcare nurses telephone counseling work, were identified based on the different parts of the 4-habits model; Invest in the beginning, elicit the patient's perspective, demonstrate empathy and invest in the end.  Conclusion: The 4-habits model contribute to primary healthcare nurses telephone counseling. The nurses listened and wanted to understand patients with RLS-associated symptoms, but limited knowledge regarding symptoms and treatment needs as well as time pressure were hindering factors.