INTRODUCTION: The association of Sleep-Related Movement Disorders (SRMDs) such as Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and Periodic Limb Movements (PLMs) with cerebrovascular disease is underexplored. Emerging evidence links them to vascular disease, for which white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are a well-recognized biomarker. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional hospital-based observational study in which high-risk TIA and minor stroke patients were assessed for vascular risk factors, WMHs and polysomnography-determined sleep variables. RESULTS: Ninety-seven patients were enrolled, of whom 44 completed polysomnography. Twenty-five percent had RLS, which was associated with lower quality of life. Independent of the effect of classical vascular risk factors, PLMs (but not RLS) were associated with WMHs on linear regression analyses (p=0.016). CONCLUSIONS: SRMDs are prevalent after minor stroke/TIA. RLS is associated with poor quality of life, while PLMs are associated with WMHs. Whether PLMs are implicated in the pathogenesis of WMHs or whether WMHs exacerbate PLMs remains uncertain.

Hors champ (Offscreen) is a collection of short stories and poems that offers rewrites of striking works of contemporary Quebec literature from 1960 to the present. In this collection, the literary legacy is problematized by the bursting of the source of hypotexts. Thus, the rewriting is done by recovering certain formal characteristics of source texts, while putting forward new thematic content. The texts relate to many affiliations, offering not a static and overwhelming posterity, but rather an active heritage, fragmented and drawing from several sources — as Quebec literary heritage does. The stories in the collection do not clearly announce their hypotext but rather begin with an epigraph, as a way to play with the readers’ expectations. The architecture of the collection does not respect the chronological order of hypotexts, and short stories from the same source are not grouped together. Aquin demeure (Aquin remains) compares two contemporary Quebec novels : Ça va aller by Catherine Mavrikakis and Pourquoi Bologne, by Alain Farah. Starting from the observation that the figure of Hubert Aquin exerts a spectral presence on Quebec literature and has bequeathed a problematic and paradoxical legacy to posterity, the project aims to see what readings of this aquinien heritage the works of Mavrikakis and Farah offer. The analysis of Ça va aller begins with a comparative study of the two authorial figures whom are being presented : Hubert Aquin and Robert Laflamme, an avatar of Réjean Ducharme. The study seeks to show how Aquin’s literary legacy is unattainable for the narrator while the analysis of Pourquoi Bologne focuses on the rewrite of Prochain épisode. With Genette’s notions of intertextuality and hypertextuality, the study attempts to determine whether it is possible to consider Pourquoi Bologne a text in the second degree. / Hors champ est un recueil composé de courtes nouvelles et de poèmes proposant des réécritures d’œuvres marquantes de la littérature québécoise contemporaine de 1960 à nos jours. L’héritage littéraire est problématisé dans ce recueil par l’éclatement de la provenance des hypotextes. Ainsi, la réécriture s’effectue par la reprise de certaines caractéristiques formelles des textes sources tout en proposant de nouveaux contenus thématiques. C’est donc à plusieurs filiations que le texte se rattache, proposant du même coup non pas une postérité statique et écrasante, mais plutôt un héritage en acte, morcelé, fragmentaire et puisant à plusieurs sources — à l’instar de l’héritage littéraire québécois. Les nouvelles du recueil n’annoncent pas clairement leur hypotexte, mais proposent plutôt, dans le désir de jouer avec le lecteur, un exergue en début de texte. L’architecture du recueil ne respecte pas l’ordre chronologique des hypotextes et les nouvelles provenant du même texte source ne sont pas regroupées. Aquin demeure compare deux romans québécois contemporains soit Ça va aller de Catherine Mavrikakis et Pourquoi Bologne d’Alain Farah. À partir du constat selon lequel la figure d’Hubert Aquin exercerait une présence spectrale sur la littérature québécoise et aurait légué un héritage problématique et paradoxal à la postérité, le projet a pour but de voir quelles lectures de cet héritage aquinien proposent les œuvres de Mavrikakis et de Farah. L’analyse de Ça va aller débute par une étude comparative des deux figures auctoriales qui y sont présentées soit Hubert Aquin et Robert Laflamme, un avatar de Réjean Ducharme. Alors que Laflamme / Ducharme aurait contaminé toute la littérature avec ses voltiges langagières, Aquin aurait quant à lui abandonné la nation québécoise le jour de son suicide. L’analyse de Pourquoi Bologne, quant à elle s’intéresse à la reprise et au détournement de Prochain épisode. À partir des notions d’intertextualité et d’hypertextualité développées par Genette, l’étude tente de déterminer s’il est possible de penser Pourquoi Bologne comme un texte au second degré.

Les arthropodes vecteurs sont hématophages et peuvent assurer la transmission biologique active d'un agent pathogène responsable de maladies humaines ou animales. La lutte anti-vectorielle et la surveillance épidémiologique des vecteurs sont essentielles dans la stratégie de lutte contre les maladies vectorielles. Disposer d'outils d'identification précis, fiable et rapides des vecteurs et des pathogènes associés est indispensable. Ainsi dans ce projet nous avons évalué l'utilisation du MALDI-TOF MS pour identifier les arthropodes vecteurs ainsi que la détection des pathogènes associés. La première partie de notre travail consistait à utiliser MALDI TOF pour identifier les tiques, moustiques et les puces. Nous avons déterminé quelle partie du spécimen permettait d'obtenir une reproductibilité des spectres et une identification correcte par des tests à l'aveugle après création d'une base de données de référence. La deuxième partie consistait à utiliser le MALDI-TOF MS pour détecter des Rcikettsies associés aux tiques dont Rickettsia conorii et R. slovaca, deux pathogènes humains transmis respectivement par Rhipicephalus sanguineus et Dermacentor marginatus. Des variations spectrales étaient obtenues entre les spécimens infectés et non infectés, avec des masses spécifiques liés à l'infection des tiques par les rickettsies. La technique d'identification était validée par des tests à l'aveugle. Les résultats obtenus permettent de conclure que le MALDI TOF pourra être utilisé dans l'avenir pour identifier les tiques prélevées chez des patients, les arthropodes vecteurs lors des enquêtes entomologiques et préciser la prévalence d'infection de ces arthropodes. / Arthropods are vectors bloodsucking and can ensure the active biological transmission of a pathogen responsible of human or veterinary diseases. The vector control and vectors epidemiological surveillance are essential in the strategy against the vectors-borne diseases. Accurate, reliable and rapid identification of vectors and associated pathogens are essential. Thus, in this project we evaluated the use of MALDI-TOF MS for the arthropods vectors identification as well as for the detection of associated pathogens. This proteomics technology emerged since few years ago and is currently used in routine for bacteria identification in many microbiology laboratories. In the first part of our work, we used the MALDI TOF to identify the tick, mosquito and flea species. For each arthropod, we determined which part allowed obtaining reproducible spectra by MALDI TOF and correct identification by blind test, after reference database creation. The second part consisted to use the MALDI-TOF MS to detect the associated Rickettsia in ticks including Rickettsia conorii and R. slovaca, two human pathogens transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus and respectively Dermacentors marginatus. The spectral variations were obtained between infected and non infected specimens with specific masses related to the tick infection by Rickettsia. The identification technique of not or infected ticks was validated by blind tests. The obtained results allowed concluding that the MALDI-TOF MS could be used in the future to identify the ticks removed from patient, the arthropods vectors and during entomological survey and determine the prevalence of infection of these arthropods.

Os defeitos de pernas são decorrentes do rápido crescimento das aves, tornando-se necessário um estudo genético das associações entre essas características. Os objetivos deste estudo foram estimar os parâmetros genéticos para defeitos de pernas por escore visual, discondroplasia tibial, características de desempenho e carcaça, assim como estimar as tendências genéticas, ganho genético potencial e respostas correlacionadas, em uma linhagem de frangos de corte. O banco de dados utilizado neste estudo foi composto por registros de 128.459 aves, com informações de pedigree, manejo, desempenho, qualidades e defeitos de carcaça pertencentes a um rebanho elite de uma linhagem comercial de frangos de corte sob seleção. As características estudadas foram: os pesos vivos do animal aos sete (P7), 30 (P30) e 38 dias de idade (P38), peso ao abate (PA), peso eviscerado (PE), peso de peito (PPEI), peso de pernas (PPER), rendimento de carcaça (RCAR), rendimento de peito em relação ao peso ao abate (RPEI), rendimento de pernas em relação ao peso ao abate (RPER), eficiência alimentar (EFAL), defeito de pernas por escore visual (DPER), discondroplasia tibial (DT) e defeito de pernas total (DPERT). Para as características P7, P30, P38, PA, PE, PPEI, PPER, RCAR, RPEI, RPER, EFAL as análises genéticas foram realizadas pela metodologia dos modelos lineares clássicos, utilizando o método da Máxima Verossimilhança Restrita (REML) sob um modelo animal. Além da metodologia dos modelos lineares clássicos, as análises genéticas para as características DPER, DT e DPERT foram realizadas utilizando modelos lineares generalizados com função de ligação logit, devido à natureza categórica destas características, empregando-se modelo animal e modelo pai, com o método da quasi-verossimilhança penalizada (PQL). As análises foram obtidas utilizando-se o software ASREML®. As estimativas de herdabilidades obtidas para as características estudadas variaram de moderadas a altas, exceto para DT e DPERT, para as quais as estimativas de herdabilidades foram baixas. As estimativas de correlações genéticas entre as características de desempenho e carcaça e defeitos de pernas variaram de moderadas a altas, exceto para DPER e EFAL que apresentaram baixas correlações genéticas com as características de desempenho carcaça. As tendências genéticas para as características de desempenho e carcaça são indicativas que há seleção para características de peso vivo em diferentes idades e de desempenho e carcaça nesta linhagem, diferente do que acontece para as características de DPER, DT e DPERT, para as quais não há seleção evidente nessa linhagem. / The legs defects are caused by rapid growth of broilers, therefore it is necessary to study of genetic associations between these traits. The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for legs defects by visual score, tibial dyschondroplasia, performance and carcass traits, and to estimate the genetic trends, potential genetic gain and correlated response in a broiler line. The database used in this study consisted of records from 128,459 birds, containing pedigree information, management, performance, qualities and defects, of an elite flock from a commercial strain of broiler chickens under selection. The traits studied were: the live weight at seven (P7), 30 (P30) and 38 days old (P38), slaughter weight (PA), carcass weight (PE), breast weight (PPEI), leg weight (PPER), carcass yield (RCAR), breast yield (RPEI), legs yield (RPER), feed efficiency (EFAL), legs defect by visual score (DPER), tibial dyschondroplasia (DT) and legs total defects (DPERT). For the traits P7, P30, P38, PA, PE, PPEI, PPER, RCAR, RPEI, RPER, EFAL statistics and genetic analysis done through classical linear models methodology, using the method of Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) under an animal model. Besides the classical linear model methodology, genetic analyzes for the traits DPER, DT and DPERT were done using generalized linear models with logit link, due to the categorical nature of these traits, using an animal and sire models, by the method of penalized quasilikelihood (PQL). Full analyzes were obtained using the ASREML® software. Estimates of heritability obtained for the traits varied from moderate to high, except for DT and DPERT, which heritability were low. Estimates of genetic correlations between performance and carcass traits and leg defects varied from moderate to high, except for DPER and EFAL, which presented low genetic correlations with performance characteristics of the carcass. Genetic trends for performance and carcass characteristics indicate that selection occurs for body weight at different ages and performance and carcass traits in this strain, in a different way to the observed for traits of DPER, DT and DPERT, which no evident selection in this line was observed.

INTRODUCTION: The association of Sleep-Related Movement Disorders (SRMDs) such as Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and Periodic Limb Movements (PLMs) with cerebrovascular disease is underexplored. Emerging evidence links them to vascular disease, for which white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are a well-recognized biomarker. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional hospital-based observational study in which high-risk TIA and minor stroke patients were assessed for vascular risk factors, WMHs and polysomnography-determined sleep variables. RESULTS: Ninety-seven patients were enrolled, of whom 44 completed polysomnography. Twenty-five percent had RLS, which was associated with lower quality of life. Independent of the effect of classical vascular risk factors, PLMs (but not RLS) were associated with WMHs on linear regression analyses (p=0.016). CONCLUSIONS: SRMDs are prevalent after minor stroke/TIA. RLS is associated with poor quality of life, while PLMs are associated with WMHs. Whether PLMs are implicated in the pathogenesis of WMHs or whether WMHs exacerbate PLMs remains uncertain.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and often dose-limiting side effect. Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is also a common sensory-motor neurological disorder, characterized by uncomfortable and unpleasant sensations in the legs, followed by an urgency to move them. The presence of CIPN has been associated with the risk of falls in cancer survivors. Objectives: To determine the frequency and factors associated with falls in chemotherapy patients, and to evaluate the possible association between suggestive symptoms of CIPN, RLS and falls. Design: A total of 234 oncological patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment were interviewed, with questions regarding sociodemographic data, diagnosis, treatment and occurrence of falls. Besides, it was used the Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Assessment Tool (CIPNAT) and diagnostic criteria for SPI. Results: The mean age of the sample was 53.4 years (± 13.1), of which 73.9% were female. Suggestive symptoms of CIPN were present in 51.7% of the patients, and falls were reported in 30.7%. There was association between the presence of neuropathic symptoms and falls (p = 0.0191), with a 1.65 fold increase in the prevalence of falls compared to patients without neuropathic symptoms. In individuals younger than 65 years of age, we observed a greater association between CIPN symptoms and falls (p = 0.0016). Patients with falls had a higher score on items that assessed interference in daily life activities. In addition, there was also a statistically significant association of RLS with symptoms of CIPN (p = 0.0005), RLS with falls (p = 0.0152), and RLS associated with neuropathic symptoms with falls (p = 0.0061). Conclusions: The findings of the present study suggest that falls are common in chemotherapy patients, and symptoms of CIPN and RLS contribute to increased falls. Moreover, these two disorders, when associated, act synergistically, further increasing the prevalence of falls. / Introdução: A neuropatia periférica induzida por quimioterapia (NPIQ) é um efeito colateral comum e frequentemente dose-limitante. A Síndrome das Pernas Inquietas (SPI) também é uma desordem neurológica sensitivomotora comum, caracterizada por sensações desconfortáveis e desagradáveis nas pernas, seguidas de urgência em movimentá-las. A presença de NPQI tem sido associada ao risco de quedas em sobreviventes de câncer. Objetivos: Determinar a frequência e os fatores associados a quedas em pacientes em quimioterapia, e avaliar possível associação entre sintomas sugestivos de NPIQ, SPI e quedas. Métodos: Foram entrevistados 234 pacientes oncológicos em tratamento quimioterápico, com perguntas referentes a dados sociodemográficos, diagnóstico, tratamento e ocorrência de quedas, além de ter sido utilizada a Ferramenta de Avaliação de Neuropatia Periférica Induzida por Quimioterapia (FANPIQ) e aplicados critérios diagnósticos para SPI. Resultados: A média de idade da amostra foi de 53.4 anos (±13.1), sendo 73.9% do sexo feminino. Sintomas sugestivos de NPIQ estavam presentes em 51.7% dos pacientes, e em 30.7% foram relatadas quedas. Houve associação entre a presença de sintomas neuropáticos e quedas (p = 0.0191), com aumento de 1.65 vezes na prevalência de quedas em relação aos pacientes sem sintomas neuropáticos. Em indivíduos com menos de 65 anos observamos uma maior relação entre sintomas de NPIQ e quedas (p=0.0016). Pacientes com quedas apresentaram uma pontuação maior nos itens que avaliam a interferência nas atividades de vida diária. Além disso, também houve associação estatisticamente significante de SPI com sintomas de NPIQ (p=0.0005), SPI com quedas (p=0.0152), e SPI associada a sintomas neuropáticos com quedas (p=0.0061). Conclusões: Os achados do presente estudo sugerem que quedas são frequentes nos pacientes em quimioterapia, e sintomas de NPIQ e SPI contribuem para o aumento de quedas. E mais, que estas duas desordens, quando associadas, agem de forma sinérgica, aumentando ainda mais a prevalência de quedas. / Aracaju

Os defeitos de pernas são decorrentes do rápido crescimento das aves, tornando-se necessário um estudo genético das associações entre essas características. Os objetivos deste estudo foram estimar os parâmetros genéticos para defeitos de pernas por escore visual, discondroplasia tibial, características de desempenho e carcaça, assim como estimar as tendências genéticas, ganho genético potencial e respostas correlacionadas, em uma linhagem de frangos de corte. O banco de dados utilizado neste estudo foi composto por registros de 128.459 aves, com informações de pedigree, manejo, desempenho, qualidades e defeitos de carcaça pertencentes a um rebanho elite de uma linhagem comercial de frangos de corte sob seleção. As características estudadas foram: os pesos vivos do animal aos sete (P7), 30 (P30) e 38 dias de idade (P38), peso ao abate (PA), peso eviscerado (PE), peso de peito (PPEI), peso de pernas (PPER), rendimento de carcaça (RCAR), rendimento de peito em relação ao peso ao abate (RPEI), rendimento de pernas em relação ao peso ao abate (RPER), eficiência alimentar (EFAL), defeito de pernas por escore visual (DPER), discondroplasia tibial (DT) e defeito de pernas total (DPERT). Para as características P7, P30, P38, PA, PE, PPEI, PPER, RCAR, RPEI, RPER, EFAL as análises genéticas foram realizadas pela metodologia dos modelos lineares clássicos, utilizando o método da Máxima Verossimilhança Restrita (REML) sob um modelo animal. Além da metodologia dos modelos lineares clássicos, as análises genéticas para as características DPER, DT e DPERT foram realizadas utilizando modelos lineares generalizados com função de ligação logit, devido à natureza categórica destas características, empregando-se modelo animal e modelo pai, com o método da quasi-verossimilhança penalizada (PQL). As análises foram obtidas utilizando-se o software ASREML®. As estimativas de herdabilidades obtidas para as características estudadas variaram de moderadas a altas, exceto para DT e DPERT, para as quais as estimativas de herdabilidades foram baixas. As estimativas de correlações genéticas entre as características de desempenho e carcaça e defeitos de pernas variaram de moderadas a altas, exceto para DPER e EFAL que apresentaram baixas correlações genéticas com as características de desempenho carcaça. As tendências genéticas para as características de desempenho e carcaça são indicativas que há seleção para características de peso vivo em diferentes idades e de desempenho e carcaça nesta linhagem, diferente do que acontece para as características de DPER, DT e DPERT, para as quais não há seleção evidente nessa linhagem. / The legs defects are caused by rapid growth of broilers, therefore it is necessary to study of genetic associations between these traits. The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for legs defects by visual score, tibial dyschondroplasia, performance and carcass traits, and to estimate the genetic trends, potential genetic gain and correlated response in a broiler line. The database used in this study consisted of records from 128,459 birds, containing pedigree information, management, performance, qualities and defects, of an elite flock from a commercial strain of broiler chickens under selection. The traits studied were: the live weight at seven (P7), 30 (P30) and 38 days old (P38), slaughter weight (PA), carcass weight (PE), breast weight (PPEI), leg weight (PPER), carcass yield (RCAR), breast yield (RPEI), legs yield (RPER), feed efficiency (EFAL), legs defect by visual score (DPER), tibial dyschondroplasia (DT) and legs total defects (DPERT). For the traits P7, P30, P38, PA, PE, PPEI, PPER, RCAR, RPEI, RPER, EFAL statistics and genetic analysis done through classical linear models methodology, using the method of Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) under an animal model. Besides the classical linear model methodology, genetic analyzes for the traits DPER, DT and DPERT were done using generalized linear models with logit link, due to the categorical nature of these traits, using an animal and sire models, by the method of penalized quasilikelihood (PQL). Full analyzes were obtained using the ASREML® software. Estimates of heritability obtained for the traits varied from moderate to high, except for DT and DPERT, which heritability were low. Estimates of genetic correlations between performance and carcass traits and leg defects varied from moderate to high, except for DPER and EFAL, which presented low genetic correlations with performance characteristics of the carcass. Genetic trends for performance and carcass characteristics indicate that selection occurs for body weight at different ages and performance and carcass traits in this strain, in a different way to the observed for traits of DPER, DT and DPERT, which no evident selection in this line was observed.

This study investigates how the semi-modal need to is translated into German/Swedish and which German/Swedish correspondences are translated into need to. To this end, the Linnaeus University English–German–Swedish Corpus (LEGS) is used. Nida’s (1964: 159-162) concept of formal and dynamic equivalence is used to perform the qualitative analysis and to discuss the results from the quantitative part of the study. The use of semi-modals such as be going to, have to and want to have increased during the second half of the 20th century (Leech et al.: 2009: 99). need to represents the obligation as being in the best interest of the subject and is associated with objectivity (Kastrone 2008: 829; Aijmer 2017: 28) Thus, need to is used to distance the speaker to avoid an authoritarian stance. This trend is a sign of an ongoing democratization (Leech et al. 2009: 270). The results showed that the preferred German translation is müssen (‘must’) (55%) and  the preferred Swedish translation is behöva (‘need’) (47%). ‘Other’ is the second preferred German translation and the third preferred Swedish translation. These results are reflected in the structures translated from German and Swedish. The results indicate that the semantic category of the co-occurring main verb and the co-occurring subject affect translation. Based on these results, it could be said that English, followed by Swedish, is leading the process of democratization. However, further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.

Title: The influence of running shoes on leg and pelvis kinematics during the stance phase of run Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is to detect whether there exists a connection between the type of shoes used and changes in pelvis and legs kinematics in sagittal plane while running. Methology: For a purpose of the thesis research 12 active sportsmen (6 men and 6 women) participated in lab tests. Each of them was running on a tread mill for three time sequences - each counting 20 seconds - with changes in conditions applied as follows: barefoot run, minimalistic shod run, classic shod run. The 3D analysis was analysed using the Qualisys system (200 Hz). Data analytics was executed using the Qualisys Track Manager programme, where a comparative method was applied. Further statistical procedures ANOVA a Tukey test were performed in a programme called OriginPro 8. Key findings: The executed lab tests proved influence of running shoes on legs and pelvis kinematics during a stance phase of run. The main changes in kinematics were found in an ancle during touchdown, where the angle significantly increased while running barefoot rather than classic shod running. An analysis of pelvis kinematics parameters has proven that there are no changes in pelvis movements while running in different types...