<p>Drag Cuisines is an interdisciplinary study of the cultural, social, and historical interconnectedness of veganism, queerness, and animality. To interrogate these links requires mixed methods such as the collection of oral histories with self-identified queer vegans, analysis of animal themes in queer film and literature, social media analysis, and analysis of food cultures and restaurant rhetorics. Following work by prominent American Studies scholars, this project posits that the practice of veganism embodies queer performativity in how queerness and animality are ontologically linked.</p>

Le présent mémoire s’intéresse au développement du mouvement social Lesbien, Gai, Bisexuel, Trans, Intersex et Queer (LGBTIQ) depuis la chute de la dictature de Ferdinand Marcos en 1986 jusqu’à aujourd’hui. À partir de 1990, le mouvement est caractérisé par un développement rapide. Il était parmi les premiers en Asie du Sud-est à organiser une marche de la fierté et à créer un parti politique LGBTIQ. Toutefois, malgré le dynamisme inhérent à ce mouvement, les communautés LGBTIQ sont toujours discriminées sur le marché du travail, à l’université ou encore dans le système de santé. De plus, elles sont toujours les victimes de violence et de meurtre commis sur la base de leur orientation sexuelle ou de leur genre. Actuellement, le mouvement LGBTIQ n’a toujours pas été en mesure d’obtenir des gains politiques afin de mieux protéger les droits et la sécurité de ces communautés. Même si ce problème pourrait être attribué au conservatisme de l’élite politique ou encore à l’influence du Catholicisme et de l’homophobie dans la société philippine, l’argumentation de ce mémoire propose plutôt que la fragmentation et le manque de cohérence au sein du mouvement ont compliqué la formulation et l’adoption de politiques pouvant régler ces enjeux. Mon analyse du mouvement pendant les 30 dernières années identifie quatre conflits internes majeurs expliquant ce problème 1. la définition de l’identité collective 2. le cadrage utilisé afin de conceptualiser cet enjeu 3. les différentes idéologies structurant l’action des militant.es et 4. les divergences par rapport aux modes d’organisation et aux stratégies employées. Ainsi, ce mémoire tourne l’attention vers ces conflits internes plutôt que vers les facteurs exogènes. Mon argumentation est basée sur 17 entrevues semi-dirigées réalisées à Manille avec des militant.es du mouvement, de mai à octobre 2015. Dans les deux premiers chapitres de ce mémoire, j’analyse la littérature portant sur la théorie des mouvements sociaux en général pour ensuite aborder la littérature traitant précisément sur les Philippines et l’Asie du Sud-est. Cette revue servira de base théorique afin de comprendre les quatre facteurs identifiés ainsi que leur rôle dans la fragmentation du mouvement. Dans le quatrième chapitre, j’analyse la fragmentation du mouvement selon les échelles d’action des militant.es, leurs cibles ainsi que leur trajectoire de mobilisation. Dans le cinquième chapitre, j’explique cette fragmentation à l’aide des quatre facteurs identifiés dans la littérature. / This Master’s thesis investigates the development of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Intersex and Queer (LGBTIQ) movement in the Philippines from the fall of Ferdinand Marcos’ dictatorship in 1986 to the present moment. Since then, the LGBTIQ movement has developed rapidly. It was among the first in Southeast Asia to organise a Pride March and to constitute an LGBTIQ political party. However, despite this dynamism, LGBTIQ communities are still discriminated in the workspace, schools, and the healthcare system. Moreover, they are still the victims of homophobic crimes. To the present day, the movement has not been able to secure political protection for the rights and the safety of these communities. Although the current situation can be attributed to a certain extent to conservatism in the ruling class or the strong influence of Catholicism and homophobia, this thesis argues that the fragmentation and the lack of coherence of the movement iii has itself complicated the formulation and implementation of concrete policies. My analysis of the movement’s development throughout the last 30 years will highlight four fundamental conflicts resolving around 1. the definition of one collective identity, 2. the framing used to conceptualize these issues, 3. the different ideologies underlying the social activists’ actions, and 4. the divergence in organisational modes and strategies. As such, this thesis shifts attention from external factors to internal conflicts within the LGBTIQ movement of the Philippines. My arguments are based on 17 interviews with social activists, conducted between May and October 2015 in Manila. In the first two chapters of this thesis, I review current scholarship on social movements in general and about the Philippines and South East Asia in particular. This review will provide the theoretical foundation necessary to identify and understand the four identified social factors and their role on the fragmentation of the movement. In chapter four, I analyse the fragmentation of the movement based on the social activists’ scales of action, their targets of mobilization, and their mobilization trajectories. In chapter five, I analyze this fragmentation through the identified factors in the literature.

I denna studie har cismäns och hbtqi-personers, särskilt transpersoners, perspektiv varit huvudfokus i undersökandet av teman i mediala skildringar av deras erfarenheter kring att ha sex mot ersättning. Anledningen till detta specifika fokus grundas i en brist på forskning kring dessa personers erfarenheter samt att det i undersökningar framkommit att dessa personer är vanligt förekommande bland folk som har sex mot ersättning. Målet med studien är att försöka fylla kunskapsluckan och belysa ämnet. Berättelserna är inhämtade från olika medier samt från organisationer för hbtqi-personer som har erfarenhet av sex mot ersättning och är därmed i form av sekundärdata. En tematisk analys har genomförts där temana Unga säljer våldsamt sex till äldre män, Startskottet är ett övergrepp eller längtan efter kärlek och närhet, Sex mot ersättning som självskada, “Man får ju en väldigt skruvad syn på sex” och Det finns inget rum att prata om det alls har identifierats, vilka diskuteras utifrån socialkonstruktionism, intersektionalitet samt den sparsamma tidigare forskningen kring ämnet. Sammanfattningsvis visar resultatet att maktstrukturer och tolkningsföreträde är viktigt för förståelsen av dessa specifika erfarenheter samt att det nuvarande myndighetsstödet är bristfälligt. / The perspective of cismen and lgbtiq-people, in particular trans people, has been the main focus in this study when investigating the themes in media depictions of their experiences of having sex for compensation. The reason for this particular focus is the lack of research regarding these people’s experiences and that surveys show that they are common within the population of people who have had sex for compensation. The aim is to fill in the existing gaps of knowledge as well as to shine a light on this topic. The stories have been collected from different media outlets as well as organizations for lgbtiq-people who have had sex for compensation and is therefore in the form of secondary data. A thematic analysis has been conducted, where the themes Young people sell violent sex to older men, Abuse or longing for love and closeness are the starting points, Sex for compensation as self-harm, “You get a very twisted view on sex” and There’s no room to talk about it at all have been identified, which are discussed in relation to social constructionism, intersectionality and the sparse previous research regarding this topic. In conclusion, the results show that power structures and interpretative prerogative are important in understanding these particular experiences and that the current support from authorities is deficient.

This bachelor thesis is a qualitative, small-n, empirically driven comparative study that examines the relationship between rebel group ideology and targeted violence against the LGBTIQ+ community. Two rebel groups in the Syrian Arab Republic, with different ideological beliefs, are examined and compared in relation to their level of violence against LGBTIQ+ individuals. Findings in this study suggest that religious groups are keener to use extreme violence against sexual minorities, and to target them explicitly, but further studies are needed to fully understand this targeting of sexual minorities in armed conflicts.