INTRODUÇÃO: Muitos dos comportamentos de saúde envolvidos no aparecimento das doenças crônicas não comunicáveis são originados na infância sob influência dos pais. A mãe é a pessoa mais envolvida na educação e nos cuidados de saúde da criança. O estilo de vida (EdV) é um determinante social da saúde. Nunca se compreendeu características de EdV materno associadas com aspectos da nutrição infantil. OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação dos EdV materno comportamental e não comportamental com aspectos nutricionais do pré-escolar. MÉTODOS: Entre janeiro a dezembro de 2010 realizou-se um estudo transversal com 255 pares de mães-pré-escolares moradores em cinco subdistritos na Região Sudoeste do município de São Paulo. Selecionou-se uma amostra probabilística aleatória estratificada proporcional, com dois estratos, sendo primeiro sorteadas as escolas e depois as crianças. Da mãe, foram coletadas informações sobre a idade, classe econômica, escolaridade, estado civil e EdV não comportamental e comportamental. Da criança, foram coletadas informações de idade, peso e estatura para avaliação do estado nutricional, circunferência da cintura, comportamento sedentário, consumo alimentar através de um questionário de frequência alimentar para a faixa etária estudada. Foi realizada análise fatorial por extração de fatores comuns e de componentes principais dos questionários de EdV não comportamental e de frequência alimentar, respectivamente, com subsequente agrupamento das mães nos domínios de EdV e das crianças nos fatores extraídos. As associações foram calculadas por meio do teste do qui-quadrado e por regressão logística. RESULTADOS: as mães foram agrupadas em três clusteres de EdV: socioconsciente, autoatualizada e consumista. As crianças foram agrupadas em dois clusteres de alimentação: minimamente processado e ultraprocessado. As crianças com alimentação \'minimamente processada\' eram filhas de mães com estilo de vida não comportamental mais \'socioconsciente\', enquanto que as crianças com alimentação \'ultraprocessada\' eram filhas de mães com estilo de vida não comportamental mais do tipo \'consumista\'. Nenhuma associação foi encontrada entre as características nutricionais do pré-escolar e os tipos de estilo de vida materno comportamental. As crianças \'não eutróficas\' e com \'adiposidade central presente\' tiveram uma chance 99% e 92% maiores, respectivamente, de serem filhas de mães com \'alto\' escore no domínio \'moderno\'. As crianças com \'comportamento sedentário presente\' e alimentação \'ultraprocessada\' tiveram uma chance 113% e 84% maior, respectivamente, de serem filhas de mães pertencentes ao cluster \'consumista\'. CONCLUSÃO: o EdV materno não comportamental está associado a características nutricionais do pré-escolar, com as mães com estilo de vida do tipo \'consumista\' tendo influências negativas na nutrição infantil / BACKGROUNG: Many of the health behaviors involved in the emergence of non - communicable chronic diseases are originated in childhood under their parents influence. The mother is the most involved person in education and on the child health care. Lifestyle (LS) is a social health determinant and never before was understood maternal LS on aspects of childhood nutrition. OBJECTIVE: Verify the association on maternal behavior and non- behavioral LS with nutritional aspects in preschool. METHODS: From January 2010 to December 2010, it was performed a cross sectional study with 255 of preschool mothers peers resident on five different sub-districts in São Paulo Southwest. A stratified random sample was selected on two layers, being first the drawn schools and then, the children. From the mother, was caught the age, economical status, education, marital status, behavioral and non- behavioral LS. From the child, the age, weight and height to nutritional status, waist circumference, sedentary behavior, food intake, through an alimentation frequency questionnaire to the studied age group were all taken information about. An extraction analysis factor was performed in order to common factors and principal components on non-behavioral LS and food frequency, respectively, with a subsequent group of mothers on the domain of LS and the children on extracted factors. The association was calculated using the chi-square test and logistic regression. RESULTS: All the mothers were grouped into three clusters LS: socio conscious, self-actualization and consumeristic. The children were grouped into two feeding clusters: minimally and upper processed. Children with minimally processed food were born from mothers with more socio conscious non- behavioral LS, while children with upper processed food were born from mothers with more consumeristic non-behavioral LS. No other association was found between the nutritional preschool characteristics and the kinds of behavioral maternal LS. Not eutrophic and central adiposity present, children had 99% and 92% higher chance, respectively, to be children from mothers with a high score in the modern domain. Children with sedentary behavior and upper processed alimentation had 113% and 84% higher chance, respectively, to be children from mothers belonging to the consumeristic cluster. CONCLUSION: Non- behavioral maternal LS is associated to nutritional preschool characteristics being the mothers living a consumeristic lifestyle tending to have negative influences on child nutrition

Hypertension is a major chronic health problem that can lead to heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure. African Americans disproportionately suffer from the morbidity and mortality of hypertension-related illnesses. The purpose of this comparative project was to determine the impact of peer support educational workshops as an avenue for lifestyle modification, using changes in blood pressure (BP) before and after participation. The target population consisted of 64 African Americans with hypertension in Brooklyn NY, aged 20 to 65 years old. BP measurements were taken within 1 month before and after participating in a weekly peer support educational workshop facilitated by designated healthcare providers. The health belief model, using the tenets of lifestyle modification, societal support and health education, was used to guide the study. Demographic data were collated and categorized, considering numeric values used to represent age, income level, and education. Normality testing of the study variables was performed to ensure that the data followed a normal distribution. The study variables included the pre- and post-test systolic and diastolic BP. A t test was used in order to compare the 2 groups, revealing a statistically lower significant score from African Americans who participated than those who did not. African Americans who adhered to peer support educational regimens in the workshops revealed a statistically significant lower diastolic BP than those who did not participate. This research contributes to social change by providing evidence-based recommendations that government and health care professionals may use to create strategic plans to promote the well-being of individuals and communities.

The overall aim of this thesis is to investigate if the somatic comorbidity and increased mortality among persons with psychiatric disability (residents in supported housing facilities) can be influenced. The thesis comprises four papers. Paper I describes the lived experience of health and body. Papers II and III examine the effects of a lifestyle programme on physiological markers (II) and on psychological and quality of life parameters (III). Paper (IV) illustrates the meaning of participating in a life style programme. The data in Papers I and IV comprises narrative interviews with residents (n=11). The studies in Papers II and III are focused on residents and were carried out with a randomized design. The randomization was performed on a group level (supported housing facility). The 12 month intervention consisted of study circles with a theoretical and practical application of dietary information and physical activity for two hours, on a twice weekly basis under the supervision of a study circle leader. The controls were offered an aesthetic study circle and met once a week. The data in Paper II comprises physiological quantitative data from both residents (n=41) and staff (n=41) and in Paper III questionnaires on symptoms and quality of life completed only by residents (n=41). The data was analysed with Qualitative description (I), Phenomenological-hermeneutics (IV), and for papers II and III relevant statistical calculations were used. Health is described in paper I as “having a life as others have” and discloses the losses of important life domains (family, work, security) and the experiences of being deviant and stigmatized. Health is described as “absence of psychological and physical problems” and its hampering effects on quality of life and self-esteem. Health is understood as a phenomenon that could “be influenced by one self”, and there is an insight that health is manageable. Participating in a life style intervention (paper II) meant a significant improvement in risk factors for metabolic syndrome among the residents in comparison with controls. No differences were seen on weight, BMI and improved physical capacity. In paper III a significant positive increase in the Sense of Coherence compared to controls was seen. However no effect was seen on quality of life, psychosocial function or on reduction of symptoms in comparison with controls. Participating in a lifestyle intervention can be understood as the gaining of insights that health can be improved and that the daily life is partly given a changed content (paper II). The participation is also described as meaning an increased sense of closeness and equality in relation to the staff and sometimes a painful insight of their life situation. Participating is also described as entailing a hope that one’s life situation can be affected. In summary this thesis shows that there is some possibility of influencing the physical health (reduced risk of metabolic syndrome) among persons with psychiatric disability by participating in a 12 month intervention programme. The intervention does not show any effects on measures such as quality of life, psychosocial function and presence of symptoms. However, the participants describe that the participation had a meaning in a number of respects. This is a finding that is confirmed by the positive change in sense of coherence. The need to develop preventive care for persons with psychiatric disability and the importance of monitoring the treatment with neuroleptics and its side effects on physical health is an important clinical implication. Furthermore the importance of the responsibility of the care staff is emphasized as well as the importance of supporting a change in lifestyle.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2010.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 2005. / Typescript (photocopy).

SILVA, Daniele Costa da. Entre copos, conversas e canções: um estilo boêmio de viver a cidade. 2012. 221f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2012. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-22T12:18:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-TESE-DCSILVA.pdf: 3006005 bytes, checksum: ebe3485b0b4d24d3999df4eb02b206aa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-22T13:31:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-TESE-DCSILVA.pdf: 3006005 bytes, checksum: ebe3485b0b4d24d3999df4eb02b206aa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-22T13:31:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-TESE-DCSILVA.pdf: 3006005 bytes, checksum: ebe3485b0b4d24d3999df4eb02b206aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / The thesis aims at analyzing a life-style designated as bohemia, in the city of Fortaleza, between the years 1964 and 1979. My approach comprehends trying to understand how participants of cultural movements (music, visual arts, theater, cinema, poetry), professional activities (journalism, marketing, architecture) or political activities (militants, student council participants) integrate a unique life-style in the city. Actions, behaviors, world perspectives and socialization manners will be analyzed under the strong influence of the military coup d’état occurred in 1964. The refusal to obey the rigor of the dictatorship and the existing censorship in the country will contribute to gathering different people with common interests, establishing paths through town, in an intersection of the artistic, political and cultural scenarios, whose main meetings happened in bars. Yet the process of urban expansion of the city and the emergence of cultural and political movements associated with an atmosphere of strong behavioral changes, characteristics of the designated counterculture, will be discussed. Therefore the city and the public spaces that appear in this context appear as a place for attitudes and antagonistic behaviors, where new characters can emerge. We also attempt to observe how bohemians and their modus operandi were adapted and are still lived nowadays in some bars in the city. / A tese tem por objetivo analisar um estilo de vida designado como boemia, na cidade de Fortaleza, entre os anos de 1964 e 1979. Minha abordagem implica em tentar compreender como personagens participantes de movimentos culturais (música, artes plásticas, teatro, cinema, poesia), atividades profissionais (jornalismo, publicidade, arquitetura), ou atividades políticas (militantes partidários, integrantes do movimento estudantil), integram este estilo de vida na cidade. Serão analisados atitudes, comportamentos, visões de mundo e formas de sociabilidade, num contexto sob forte influência do Golpe Militar, estabelecido a partir de 1964. A rejeição aos rigores da ditadura e da censura instalada no país contribuirá para a agregação de pessoas diferentes, porém com interesses comuns, estabelecendo trajetórias pela cidade, numa interseção entre os campos artístico, cultural e político, cujos espaços prioritários de encontro foram os bares. Discute-se, ainda, o processo de expansão urbana da cidade e a emergência de movimentos culturais e políticos, associados a um contexto de fortes mudanças comportamentais, características da chamada contracultura. Assim, a cidade e os espaços públicos que surgem nesse contexto aparecem como lócus de atitudes e comportamentos contestadores, nos quais novas personagens entram em cena. Busca-se, também, observar as formas como os referentes e práticas designados de boemia são reapropriados e vividos em alguns bares da cidade hoje.

The thesis deals with leisure time in families with pre-school children in the region of the city Pelhřimov. It desribes conception of the leisure time in families with one or more children. The theoretic part talks about family, follows up its meanings and functions in human life. There is a short description of development of the family in modern time and some specifics of the families with younger preschool children too. Then there are desribed relationships in family (depending on the number of children in the family) and an intergenerational learning process. The next section is devoted to leisure time and its role in human life. We will find there a definition of a leisure time, a brief look at the historical evolution of this phenomenon in modern time and some of its specifics in contemporary family life. The work next deals with some socio-psychological characteristics of younger pre-school children with regard for leisure time. There are written some characteristics of the Pelhřimov?s region related to leisure time. The researching part of the work describes how the conception of the leisure time looks in the family of younger pre-school children in the Pelhřimov?s region. It highlights some of the differences in the conception among families with one or more children too. In a selected population sample survey was carried out using semi-structured interviews. They were then processed using a triple-coding grounded theory.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joana Carniel - Dissertacao.pdf: 1480883 bytes, checksum: 0e7aa3c6da93e8b4a83835b3d8e72d16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / During the teenage years, there are significant alterations in the expression of the Sleep-Wake Cycle with great consequences for health. The two main objectives of this study were to validate the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) for the Brazilian Portuguese and analyze the associations between the matters of health with the variables related to the Sleep-Wake Cycle of teenagers. In order to answer the first objective the sample was formed by 90 teenagers of both sexes, age ranging form 11 to 18 years old, enrolled in two private schools, one in Florianopolis-SC and the other in Curitiba-PR. To answer the second objective, a sample was formed considering a population of teenagers in a private school in Florianopolis-SC (N=198). To validate, the typical process of analysis like translation, back translation and the analysis of internal consistency were used. To evaluate the issues related to the Sleep-Wake Cycle, it was analyzed: time to go to sleep and wake up (day with no classes), the duration of the sleep, the excessive daily somnolence, the chronotype and the quality of the sleep. In the health variables, issues like the perception of health and stress, the consumption of nutrients during school snack, physical activities, time used in media for recreation, BMI and weight status were investigated. Analysis of association, differences between averages and internal consistency were made considering a significance level of 5%. It was checked that the PDSS presented suitable indicators of contents validity and clarity of language in Brazilian Portuguese. The analysis of the internal consistency identified Cronbach`s alpha of 0,784. The PDSS showed suitable reproducibility in test-retest (p=0,725). The scores of the PDSS presented negative and significant interconnection with the duration of the sleep (r= -0,214; p=0,011). In the second objective, it was observed that teenagers who sleep less, show more somnolence (p=0,028), spend more time in front of the screen of electronic devices exercising sedentary behavior (p=0,011) and spend more time commuting to school (p=0,023). Other than that, the results show that the tendency to eveningness is associated to a bigger consumption of carbohydrates in the school snack (p=0,032), with more leisure time in front of the screen of electronic devices (p=0,005) and a bigger BMI (p=0.017). It can be pointed out that health and sleep issues in teenagers have important relations and that the accompaniment of these matters in the school environment is necessary. / Na adolescência, ocorrem significativas alterações na expressão do ciclo vigília/sono com importantes consequências para a saúde. Os dois objetivos principais deste estudo foram, validar a Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) para o português brasileiro e analisar as associações entre as questões de saúde com as variáveis relacionadas ao ciclo vigília/sono de adolescentes. Para responder ao primeiro objetivo a amostra foi formada por 90 adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, com idades de 11 a 18 anos matriculadas em duas escolas particulares, sendo uma em Florianópolis SC e outra em Curitiba PR. Para responder ao segundo objetivo formou-se uma amostra considerando a população de adolescentes de uma escola particular de Florianópolis SC. Para validação utilizou-se o processo típico de análise como, tradução, retrotradução e análise da consistência interna. Para avaliar as questões relacionadas ao ciclo vigília/sono foram analisados: os horários de dormir e acordar (nos dias com e sem aulas), a duração do sono, a sonolência diurna excessiva, o cronotipo e a qualidade do sono. Nas variáveis de saúde foram investigadas questões como a percepção de saúde e estresse, consumo de nutrientes no lanche escolar, atividade física, tempo de utilização de mídias no lazer, IMC e status de peso. Realizaram-se análises de associação, diferenças entre médias e de consistência interna considerando um nível de significância de 5%. Verificou-se que a PDSS apresentou adequados indicadores de validade de conteúdo e clareza de linguagem em português do Brasil. A análise da consistência interna identificou alfa de Cronbach de 0,784. A PDSS apresentou adequada reprodutibilidade em teste-reteste (p=0,725). Os escores da PDSS apresentaram correlação negativa e significativa com a duração do sono (r= -0,214; p=0,023). No segundo objetivou observou-se que os adolescentes que dormem menos tempo apresentam maior sonolência (p=0,028), passam mais tempo em frente às telas de mídias eletrônicas exercendo comportamento sedentário (p=0,011) e possuem maior tempo de deslocamento para a escola (p=0,023). Além disso, os resultados mostram que a tendência a vespertinidade se associou com maior consumo de carboidrato no lanche escolar (p=0,032), com mais tempo do lazer em frente às telas de mídias eletrônicas (p=0,005) e com maior IMC (p=0,017). Destaca-se que as questões de saúde e sono dos adolescentes possuem importantes relações e que o acompanhamento destas questões no ambiente escolar faz-se necessário.

The diploma work is focused on importance of movement activities for seniors. The movement represents the basic manifestation of life, influences the physical health, helps psychologically and reduces psychical problems. Ageing is a process which runs individually and during which the human organism goes through certain changes. Everyone, who works with seniors, should be familiar with basic information about the ageing process. Physical activities are fundamental for this age group, they maintain the physical ability and the psychical immunity. They help handling everyday situations. In order that the exercises had the desired result, it is necessary to follow certain conventions and respect individual differences. The task of the people working with senior is to motivate them enough. Nowadays, we can find a large offer of appropriate physical activities which aim at a self-sufficient and happy senior life.