In order to achieve better lightning protection and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements, the needs for a proper grounding system and the knowledge of its transient behaviour become crucial. The present work is focused towards developing engineering models for transient analysis of grounding system with sufficient accuracy and simplicity for lightning studies. Firstly, the conventional uniform transmission line approach for a single grounding conductor is modified and extended to grounding grids. Secondly, in order to overcome the drawbacks of all the existing transmission line approaches, for the first time, a non-uniform transmission line approach is developed for modelling the transient behaviour of different types of grounding systems. The important feature of such an approach is in its capability to include the electromagnetic couplings between different parts of the grounding system using space and time dependent per-unit length parameters. High voltages and currents induced in the grounding systems due to lightning always produce ionization in the soil. This phenomenon should be included during the transient analysis of grounding systems. In the present work, an improved soil ionization model including residual resistivity in ionization region is developed. The fact that there exists residual resistivity in ionization region (7 % of the original soil resistivity) can be proved by the experiments reported in the literature and the experiments carried out at the high voltage lab of Uppsala University. The advantage of including residual resistivity is that the beneficial influence of soil ionization in reducing the potential rise of grounding system will not be overestimated, especially in high resistivity soil. Finally, the transmission line approaches are adopted for studying the response of grounding systems due to lightning for different applications. These are, influence of soil parameters on the transient behaviour of grounding systems, transient analysis of grounding structures in stratified soils, investigation of the validity of existing definitions for effective length/area of different grounding structures, current distribution in the shields of under ground cables associated with communication tower, and influence of insulator flashover and soil ionization around the pole footing on surge propagation in Swedish railway system.

Οι πύργοι ελέγχου αεροδρομίων αποτελούν βασικό συστατικό για την ομαλή και συνεχή εξυπηρέτηση των πτήσεων πολιτικών και στρατιωτικών αεροσκαφών. Βρίσκονται εγκατεστημένοι σε κάθε αεροδρόμιο και αποτελούν το υψηλότερο κτίριο στο περιβάλλοντα χώρο, πράγμα που δικαιολογεί και τον μεγάλο αριθμό κεραυνικών πληγμάτων που μπορούν να δεχτούν. Σκοπός αυτής της διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η μελέτη ενός συστήματος αντικεραυνικής προστασίας που βρίσκεται εγκατεστημένο σε έναν πύργο ελέγχου αεροδρομίου. Η απόδοση του συστήματος αντικεραυνικής προστασίας διαδραματίζει σημαντικό ρόλο στην αποτελεσματική λειτουργία του πύργου ελέγχου και στη γενικότερη αποτελεσματική λειτουργία του αερολιμένα. Με τη χρήση του προγράμματος εξομοίωσης αναλογικών και ψηφιακών κυκλωμάτων Orcad-Pspice, προσομοιώνεται το σύστημα αντικεραυνικής προστασίας, με βάση τον πύργο ελέγχου που του διεθνούς αερολιμένα Ελ. Βενιζέλος, μετράται το δυναμικό στη βάση του πύργου ελέγχου και τα ρεύματα στους αγωγούς καθόδου, όταν κεραυνός πλήττει το σύστημα συλλεκτήριων αγωγών. / The airport traffic control towers are a key component for the smooth and continuous service flights for both political and military aircraft. They are located at each airport and are the highest building in the surroundings, which justifies the number of lightning strikes that accepts. The purpose of this thesis is the study of a lightning protection system which is installed in an airport control tower. The efficiency of the lightning protection system constitute an important role in the effective operation of the control tower and the overall efficient operation of the airport. Using the analog and digital circuits simulation program Orcad-Pspice, the lightning protection system simulated , based on the control tower to the International airport Eleftherios Venizelos , the measured potential at the base of the control tower and the currents in the downconductors , when lightning strikes the collectors system

No description available.

This thesis examines the methods through which Gail Anderson-Dargatz and Ann-Marie MacDonald construct region in their novels The Cure for Death by Lightning and Fall on Your Knees. These texts, like all successful regional novels, describe more than geography. Their regions are also functions of time. I introduce the term "temporal region" to describe the spaces created by this interdependence of time and place. I then focus upon the specifics of descriptive and narrative approach that lead to the convincing portrayal of the Shuswap and Cape Breton Island in the texts. Anderson-Dargatz and MacDonald direct attention to the foddways of their regions, expressing the connection between consumption choices and a society's historical and physical location. The authors also articulate their regions by highlighting cultural diversity in the areas they describe. In this way they deny the social homogeneity more sentimental regional texts often rely upon. Finally, the novelists use an appropriately Canadian method of regional opposition to define their temporal regions according to that which they are not ~ they are not American, glamorous, or urban. They therefore must be Canadian, quotidian, and rural.

Thèse (M.Eng.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, programme extensionné à l'Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2004. / Bibliogr.: f. 147-150. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Σκοπός της εργασίας είναι η μελέτη της συμπεριφοράς απαγωγέων υπέρτασης στις γραμμές μεταφοράς υψηλής τάσης όταν αυτές καταπονούνται από κεραυνικά πλήγματα. Γίνεται μοντελοποίηση πραγματικών πυλώνων και γραμμών του Ελληνικού συστήματος μεταφοράς, καθώς και αλεξικέραυνων, προσομοίωσή τους στο πρόγραμμα ATP/EMTP και στη συνέχεια μελέτη των υπερτάσεων που εμφανίζονται κατά τη διάρκεια κεραυνικών πληγμάτων πάνω στους αγωγούς προστασίας. / The purpose of this thesis is the study of the behavior of surge arresters on high voltage transmission lines when they are strained by lightning strikes. Steel towers and transmission lines used in the Greek Transmission System and also surge arresters are simulated with ATP/EMTP and the overvoltages that occur during lightning strikes on the shielding wires are studied.

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2014-11-10T12:28:16Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T12:28:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Orientador: Jose Pissolato Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T10:45:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarinMesa_HenryRamon_M.pdf: 775188 bytes, checksum: d44b6096c03070dff5fb491bb2b0d7dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta uma análise computacional usando a técnica numérica TLM (Transmission Line Method) do comportamento das tensões transitórias em sistemas de aterramento, quando submetidas a fenômenos impulsivos do tipo descargas atmosféricas. É apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema e os diferentes métodos numéricos usados para modelar sistemas de aterramento. A técnica numérica TLM é apresentada, assim como, as equações para a determinação dos parâmetros usados nas simulações e o fluxograma do programa computacional desenvolvido. O programa foi escrito em Fortran e validado comparando os resultados obtidos com simulações e testes experimentais publicados por outros autores. Com o objetivo de obter o comportamento das tensões transitórias sobre diferentes situações, foi estudada a influência de alguns parâmetros no comportamento transitório das malhas de aterramento / Abstract: This work, by using the TLM (Transmission Line Method) numeric technique, presents a computational analysis of the transitory tensions behavior in grounding systems, when submitted to impulsive phenomena of the atmospheric discharge type. A bibliographical revision on the theme and the different numeric methods used for modelling grounding systems, including the TLM numeric technique, are explained, as well as the equations for the determination of the parameters used in the simulations and the flowchart of the software developed. The program written in Fortran was validated comparing simulations and experimental tests published by other authors. For the purpose of obtaining the transitory tensions behavior in different situations, we studied the influence of some parameters in the transitory behavior of grounding meshes / Mestrado / Energia Eletrica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2014-11-10T12:28:16Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T12:28:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O dissilicato de ítrio (Y2Si2O7) por apresentar propriedades luminescentes consideráveis, é um potencial substituto dos óxidos de terras raras na tecnologia de queimadores de gás para iluminação. Em processos de conformação a partir de suspensões, o controle da estabilidade das partículas em meio líquido consiste em uma importante etapa para a produção de componentes com microestrutura homogênea e estabilidade estrutural. Neste sentido, este trabalho apresenta estudos sobre o comportamento de superfície, de estabilidade e reológico de suspensões aquosas de Y2Si2O7 e β-Y1,95Dy0,05Si2O7 com o objetivo de preparar suspensões compatíveis para o processo de conformação por réplica, usando-se fibras vegetais como matriz para a confecção de componentes reticulados para queimadores de gás. Neste estudo foram avaliados parâmetros determinantes na estabilidade e comportamento de fluxo das suspensões, como também a luminescência estimulada pela temperatura desses materiais na forma de pó e a eficiência radiante do protótipo de queimador de gás. Os resultados obtidos para o β-Y1,95Dy0,05Si2O7 comparados com a ítria (Y2O3) e concentrado de terras raras contento ítria (YTR) mostram-se promissores. Desenvolveu-se por processamento coloidal do β-Y1,95Dy0,05Si2O7 e utilizando-se o processo de conformação por réplica a partir da esponja vegetal Lufa Cylindrica, um protótipo de lâmpada de queimador de gás com boa resistência mecânica ao manejo, emissividade espectral no visível (λ=580nm) e eficiência radiante de 13%, com grande potencial para iluminação de ambientes internos de acordo com as recomendações da Comissão Internacional de Iluminação (CIE). / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Orientador: Jose Pissolato Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T22:10:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zago_Fernando_D.pdf: 3563533 bytes, checksum: 6e24082f3d66f620688c4145ed029895 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Alguns dos principais danos causados por descargas atmosféricas são de origem indireta, ou seja, originam-se dos campos eletromagnéticos provenientes deste tipo de fenômeno natural resultando em problemas de compatibilidade eletromagnética ou em desafios para os projetistas de sistemas de proteção de surtos e de blindagens contra este tipo de interferência. Este trabalho trata de um destes efeitos indiretos, tensões induzidas em linhas aéreas por descargas atmosféricas próximas, utilizando-se das mais recentes pesquisas na área de campos eletromagnéticos provenientes deste tipo de fenômeno natural. Através de uma rigorosa formulação matemática do canal da descarga atmosférica, assim como, dos campos eletromagnéticos provenientes dele, no caso de conexão direta com o solo ou com um objeto elevado (torre ou prédio aterrados), e da consideração de diferentes expressões para o cálculo do raio de atração dos objetos elevados, foi possível realizar um estudo comparativo dos efeitos da urbanização nas proximidades de uma linha aérea com relação ao aumento ou diminuição dos níveis de tensões e correntes induzidas quando da ocorrência de descargas atmosféricas próximas. Estes efeitos foram analisados através de simulações computacionais considerando variações em diversos parâmetros associados à urbanização, tais como: quantidade de objetos elevados, altura média dos objetos elevados, modelo de raio de atração e densidade de ocupação ou de urbanização. A partir da pesquisa realizada durante este trabalho e do programa computacional desenvolvido, são propostas metodologias para se avaliar as modificações nos padrões de ocorrência dos níveis de tensões induzidas de origem atmosférica em linhas aéreas localizadas em diferentes cenários de ocupação urbana ou nas proximidades de objetos elevados como, por exemplo, torres de telecomunicações. / Abstract: Some of the worst damage caused by lightning is indirect, that is, it is caused by electromagnetic fields radiated from this kind of natural phenomenon resulting in electromagnetic compatibility problems or in challenges for designers of surge protection systems and shields against these interferences. This work considers one of these indirect effects, induced voltages on overhead lines by nearby atmospheric lightning discharges, using some of the most recent research in the area of electromagnetic fields generated by these natural phenomena. Starting from a rigorous mathematical formulation for a lightning channel, as well as for the electromagnetic fields generated by them, for the case of lightning striking the soil directly or an elevated grounded object, it was possible to carry out a comparative study of the urbanization effects close to an overhead line with respect to the increase or decrease of the induced voltages and currents when nearby lightning discharges occur. These effects were analyzed using computational simulations considering variations in some parameters associated with urbanization, such as: number of elevated objects, elevated objects average height, different models for the calculation of attractive radius and occupation or urbanization density. Taking into account the research and the computational program developed in this work, methodologies to evaluate the modifications on the occurrence patterns of lightning induced voltages on overhead lines localized at different urban occupation landscapes or at the vicinity of elevated objects like telecommunication towers, were proposed. / Doutorado / Energia Eletrica / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica