In this essay I discuss if groups can be morally responsible agents over and above the responsibility of their individual members. I consider an important collectivist theory given by List and Pettit arguing that groups can be responsible over its members. I offer some desiderata that a collectivist theory should fulfil and argue that the List and Pettit theory fail to fulfil some of these. Primarily I argue that their theory could come into conflict with a basic ethical and legal principle and that it fails to give a unified account of agency. I draw two conclusions. First, the List and Pettit theory fails to provide a satisfactory collectivist account. And second, a satisfactory collectivist theory ought to give a unified account of agency explaining how the agency side and normative side of responsible group agents fit together.

Current policy and course of Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage The dissertation "Current policy and course of Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage" will focus on current policy of UNESCO in Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (the Convention), reflection of its recent past, current situation and future visions. Dissertation will mainly follow implementation of Global Strategy for Representative, Balanced and Credible World Heritage List, which significantly influenced the policy of the Convention and other strategic plans accepted by State Parties. Global Strategy significantly changed demands on the nomination documentation, nomination process and listing of new properties in the World Heritage List in past few years. These changes are also closely related to the participation of Advisory Bodies of the Convention (ICOMOS, IUCN, ICCROM) on national and international level. Recent changes were reflected not only in demands to State Parties but also in implementation of the Convention, for example by changing the voting system to the World Heritage Committee and efforts for more effective financing system of expenses necessary for implementation of the Convention. This...

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Title: Chemical experiments in chemistry teaching and learning at secondary schools - motivation and curriculum acquisition Summary: This diploma thesis focuses on chemical experiments and their usage in learning phases - namely in motivation phase, acquisition phase, retention phase and control phase. On the set of tried experiments, their possible usage in chemistry teaching and learning in motivation and acquisition phases is demonstrated. Instructions, explanation, comments and photographies are attached to each experiment. For usage in acquisition phase worsheets have been made for each experiment to improve curriculum acquisition.

Nowadays there is a considerable tendency towards encouraging students to seek for information and deepen their knowledge themselves rather than classical frontal educational methods. Thanks to this trend teachers tend to use i.e. museum collections for educational purposes in order to present life in the past as well as at present to students in a more enjoyable way. Everything that students learn by their own experience is sure to be remembered more vividly. The aim of my Master Thesis is to propose excursions to four selected museums. Worksheets are to be provided for each excursion and shall be tested in practice as well. The conclusion of the Master Thesis is that museums strive to attract schools with various educational programs, lectures and excursions. Nevertheless, they concentrate mainly on social sciences. Educational programs, intended solely for natural sciences or biology, are very rare. However, biology teachers may - to a considerable extent - use wide variety of expositions and collections of museums. Key words: excursion, educational program, worksheet, museum, children's museums

Heading: Utilization of ZOO Dvůr Králové in Education This thesis deals with the educational function of zoos and capacity utilization of the ZOO Dvůr Králové nad Labem in ethological fieldwork. The thesis results into a summary of theoretical knowledge concerning zoological gardens and their educational function supplemented by the results of questionnaire survey detecting the concept of perception of education in the Czech and foreign zoos. Further result of this thesis is a set-out of full-scale materials for ethological fieldwork including introductory lecture, worksheets and methodological manuals for teachers. Key words: fieldwork, zoological garden, educational program, worksheet

It is widely considered that in-store shopping is a repetitive yet vital activity in human life. People are accustomed to making shopping lists on a piece of paper or on their mobile phones, or more commonly, memorizing the list in their minds. However, people tend to forget the items they want to buy if they cannot write them down immediately when they have the shopping demand, let alone keeping the list in their minds. Some work has started to help people resolve this problem, yet most of them are based on smartphones and are focused on riching add-on functions of the shopping list applications instead of allowing real-time recording. Namely, these existing shopping-list systems cannot let people record items and satisfy their information needs while minimizing the intervention to their ongoing activities. In this study, a new Augmented Reality (AR) solution named AR Shopping List was proposed. It is a smart-glasses application that allows users to add items at any time and place and with arbitrary input formats (photos, videos, and voice to text). We conducted semi-structured interviews with twelve participants aged from 20 to 30 by letting them experience the AR Shopping List app themselves on Microsoft HoloLens (1st gen). Our interviews reveal that the AR Shopping List realizes real-time recording, and therefore releases people’s hands from touching a physical device when making a list. It also shows the app’s potential in helping people reduce the opportunity of forgetting something to buy, as well as shopping more targeted. Furthermore, this research sheds light on future designs on smart-glasses applications for assisting people in recording and remembering items, building a new memorizing habit, and further functioning as people’s working memory expansion. / Trots att det är repetitivt att handla i butik så anses det allmänt vara en vital del av vardagen. Det är vanligt förekommande att inköpslistor skrivs ner på ett paper eller på en mobiltelefon, men även att memorera inköpslistor är vanligt förekommande. Att memorera en inköpslista är dock svårt, och det är ofta viktigt att skriva ner varor som behöver införskaffas, så fort behovet att köpa varorna uppstår. Några metoder har tagits fram för att lösa detta problem, men de flesta av dessa metoder är till för att användas på mobiltelefoner och fokuserar främst på att lägga till funktioner för att skapa avancerade inköpslistor, istället för att tillåta skapandet av listor i realtid. Framförallt så kan de existerande systemen för att skapa inköpslistor inte registrera varor och tillfredsställa användarens andra behov, utan att användarens pågående aktiviteter påverkas. I denna studie presenteras en ny lösning kallad AR Shopping List baserad på Augmented Reality (AR). Det är en applikation för smarta glasögon som tillåter användare att lägga till varor när som helst och var som helst, med godtyckligt format (bilder, videor och text genererad med rösten). Vi genomförde semistrukturerade intervjuer där tolv deltagare i åldrarna 20 till 30 år, fick prova på att använda AR Shopping List applikationen på en Microsoft HoloLens (första generationen). Våra intervjuer visar att AR Shopping List kan skapa inköpslistor i realtid, utan att användarna behöver använda en fysisk enhet. De visar även potentialen som applikationen har för att minska antalet tillfällen där varor som behöver köpas in glöms bort, samt potentialen för mer riktade inköp. Dessutom belyser denna rapport designen för framtida applikationer till smarta glasögon för att underlätta skapandet av inköpslistor, bygga upp nya minnesvanor, och för att utöka det aktiva minnet.

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) are emerging as a promising approach to improving traffic safety and providing a wide range of wireless applications for drivers and passengers. To perform reliable and trusted vehicular communications, one prerequisite is to ensure a peer vehicle’s credibility by means of digital certificates validation from messages that are sent out by other vehicles. However, in vehicular communication systems, certificates validation is more time consuming than in traditional networks, due to the fact that each vehicle receives a large number of messages in a short period of time. Another issue that needs to be addressed is the unsuccessful delivery of information between vehicles and other entities on the road as a result of their high mobility rate. For these reasons, we need new solutions to accelerate the process of certificates validation. In this thesis, we propose a certificate revocation status validation scheme using the concept of clustering; based on data mining practices, which can meet the aforementioned requirements. We employ the technique of k -means clustering to boost the efficiency of certificates validation, thereby enhancing the security of a vehicular ad hoc network. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis of the security of the proposed scheme is presented. The analytical results demonstrate that this scheme can effectively improve the validation of certificates and thus secure the vehicular communication in vehicular networks.

In this dissertation, I investigate the value of information to consumers, the pricing of chicken, and the value of shopping lists to consumers. My first essay finds that across 14 different product categories and seven types of information, information about price and origin are the most important and information about social and environmental impacts are the least important. Our estimates also suggest consumers are willing to wait a large amount of time to obtain the most vs. least desirable types of information prior to making a non-hypothetical product choice. My second essay relates to price indices used to value chicken in the United States. There were two main price indices commonly used by the industry in recent history: the USDA 12-City Price Index and the Georgia Dock Price. We find that there was a long standing equilibrium relationship between these two price indices that shifted across time. Additionally, our analysis shows that there was a structural break between these two price indices around 2000. After this structural break, the analysis suggests Georgia Dock prices were about $0.047/lb higher than they would have been without the break. Last, my third essay aims to determine the impact of shopping lists on consumer spending and healthy shopping behaviors. We find that after controlling for conscientiousness, consumers willingness-to-accept to give up their shopping list is $5.05, while the equivalent gain to write a shopping list is $3.87. We did not find a significant difference in the healthiness of the purchases made by consumers using a shopping list versus those who shopped without a list.

The Abstract In her work the author deals with Christian marriage whose source and ideal is Christ in his relation to the Church, as it is presented in the paraenetical text of Eph 5:21-33. After the circumstances of the origin of the Letter has been presented, the author analyzes the paraenesis on the marriage itself applying the Historical and Literary Criticism, further she emphasizes its message and in this way points to the permanent relevance of the studied biblical text. This basic source is thereafter used as the point of departure for reflections on different fields as the theological anthropology, the sacramental theology and moral theology, and finds in them the affirmation of dignity and uniqueness of the marital bond and the inspiration for the fruitful life in marriage. Finally the consequences of the text for the spiritual theology are studied, for in the life of Christian spouses the spiritual life plays important role. The author emphasizes also the contribution of the biblical exegesis for development of theological research and points to the importance of interconnection of singular theological disciplines for the integrated vision of the studied reality.