The focus of this thesis is on Xhosa oral and written poetry. The discussion in the thesis is based on the information from existing literature, the responses from the questionnaires and the interviews with some Xhosa iimbongi (person who sings praises) who have reflected on their personal experiences. In addition to this, S.E.K. Mqhayi is at the centre of discussion because as a prominent Xhosa imbongi he features in both the oral and the written world.

No abstract available. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1989.

Despite the recent increase in scholarship on the subject of the female experience in exile, there is still much to be done. Exile scholars now have at their disposal an abundance of broad, general overviews of the circumstances and fates of displaced women writers, but a dearth of scholarship that considers specific literary works in an individualised fashion still exists. This is especially true of those female writers who have only recently been 'rediscovered', such as the three under discussion in this thesis. This thesis explores in detail the exile writings of Veza Canetti, Anna Gmeyner, and Lili Korber, about which little scholarship exists, and uses them as case studies to illuminate the situation of exiled women writers in general The exile works of these three authors repay study both for their own literary merits and for what they can tell us about the individual experience of exile. In their broad similarities, these writers also provide us with case studies of the larger experience of authorial exile - particularly, but by no means exclusively, the gendered experience - that allow us to derive more general lessons about the influence of forced flight on literary art. By giving due consideration to work produced in exile, this thesis calls into question some of the generalisations commonly found in recent scholarship and demonstrates that, despite hardsrnps and setbacks and contrary to common scholarly contention, all three women continued to write well into their exile years and that in those years they took their writing in new, skilful, and creative directions.

M.A. / This study approaches a special area of comparative literature in English which has not been researched in any great detail to date. Olive Schreiner's The Story of an African Farm, first published in 1883, had an Australian counterpart in Miles Franklin's My Brilliant Career, first published in 1901. Both novels stemmed from a deep-rooted discontent with Colonial society and, specifically, with the status of women in that society. Both these novelists were early Colonial writers whose works proved to be watersheds in the development of the literary output of their respective countries. Both novelists have a similar status in their respective literature, and their novels show many comparable attributes ...

Orientador: Sônia Helena de O. Raymundo Piteri / Banca: Lilian Jacoto / Banca: Márcio Scheel / Resumo: Esta dissertação busca realizar uma leitura dos textos Avalovara (1973), de Osman Lins, e O jogo da liberdade da alma (2003), de Maria Gabriela Llansol, tomando como ponto de partida procedimentos metaficcionais que aí se manifestam, com ênfase em apontamentos autoconscientes e autorreflexivos que possibilitam observar de que maneira cada um dos autores direciona o seu texto. Nesse sentido, focalizar-se-á a forma de composição das duas obras, realçando um espaço de escrita no qual personagens, no romance de Lins, e figuras, no texto de Llansol, se encontram, gerando um movimento que se expande em termos de linguagem, linguagem dinâmica que se desdobra em múltiplos caminhos, enveredando por frestas que levam o leitor a redimensionar sua perspectiva de visão sobre a própria literatura / Abstract: This dissertation aims to read Avalovara (1973), by Osman Lins, and O jogo da liberdade da alma (2003), by Maria Gabriela Llansol, considering as a starting point the metafictional procedures which manifest in the two texts, with an emphasis on self-conscious and self-reflective notes that allow us to observe how each author guides his text. Therefore, the literary construction of both works will be focused since it highlights a writing space in which characters in Lins's novel and figures in Llansol's text find themselves in this space, creating a movement that expands in terms of language, a dynamic language that opens out to multiple paths and directs its steps to gaps that lead the reader to rethink his perspective on literature itself / Mestre

Orientador: Cláudia Maria Ceneviva Nigro / Banca: Anselmo Peres Alós / Banca: Cleide Antonia Rapucci / Banca: Flávia Andrea Rodrigues Benfatti / Banca: Giséle Manganelli Fernandes / Resumo: A contemporaneidade tem colaborado com as mudanças na forma como as questões de gênero e sexualidade são vistas na sociedade. Padrões tradicionais vêm sendo quebrados e algumas formas de preconceito não se encaixam mais na comunidade. Hoje, muitos homens e mulheres não têm mais uma identidade única e fixa, e não configuram um par dual, e essa fragmentação das identidades de gênero possibilita a criação de ouras nomenclaturas. Com base nesse contexto de mudanças, as personagens de nosso corpus formam-se mulheres, homens, gays, lésbicas, e a construção do gênero é vista, então, como estratégia narrativa, na qual as escritoras procuram mostrar que há possibilidades para formação de gênero distinta dos padrões impostos pela matriz heteronormativa. Assim, realizamos uma análise de como essas configurações de gênero, masculinos ou femininos, são representadas na literatura, partindo da premissa de que as identidades de gênero sofrem rupturas com os modelos tradicionais e estão deslocadas, devido às diversas orientações sexuais presentes na contemporaneidade. Como corpus deste trabalho, escolhemos cinco obras, de escritoras norte-americanas, brasileiras e inglesas, a partir da década de 1970, a saber: Rubyfruit Jungle (1973), de Rita Mae Brown; The Front Runner (1974), de Patricia Nell Warren; Hotel Dulac (1984), de Anita Brookner; Duas iguais (1996), de Cíntia Moscovich e Sapato de salto (2006), de Lygia Bojunga. A configuração da identidade de gênero das personagens é analisada... / Abstract: Contemporaneity has contributed to changes in the way gender and sexuality issues are seen in society. Traditional patterns have been broken and some forms of prejudice do not fit into current society anymore. Today, some men and women have no longer a single, fixed identity, and no longer form a dual pair, and this fragmentation of gender identities makes it possible to create nomenclatures. Based on this context of change, the characters of our corpus are women, men, gays, lesbians, and the construction of gender is seen, therefore, as a narrative strategy, in which women writers try to show that there are possibilities for gender formation which differs from the patterns imposed by the heteronormative matrix. Thus, we perform an analysis of how these configurations of gender, male or female, are represented in literature, starting from a premise that gender identities suffer ruptures from traditional models and are displaced, due to diverse sexual orientations present in contemporary times. As a corpus of this work, we chose five works by American, Brazilian and English writers, beginning in the 1970s: Rubyfruit Jungle (1973) by Rita Mae Brown; The Front Runner (1974), by Patricia Nell Warren; Hotel Dulac (1984), by Anita Brookner; Duas iguais (1996), by Cíntia Moscovich and Sapato de salto (2006), by Lygia Bojunga. The configuration of the characters gender identity is analyzed in the light of Judith Butler's theory of performativity (1993, 2003, 2004, 2015), according ... / Doutor

Orientador: Luiz Roberto Velloso Cairo / Banca: Marcos Antonio de Moraes / Banca: Sílvia Maria Azevedo / Resumo: A presente dissertação centra-se no estudo de A América Latina e Ariel, dois ensaios importantes no contexto latino-americano da passagem do século XIX para o século XX. Seus autores, o brasileiro Manoel Bomfim (1868-1932) e o uruguaio José Enrique Rodó (1871- 1917), revelam pontos de convergência e pontos de divergência ao longo de suas análises. Enquanto o primeiro se detém com maior atenção nas características e consequências da colonização ibérica em solo americano, o segundo se volta contra um possível processo de recolonização via Estados Unidos da América. Contudo, apesar dessa focalização distinta, ambos os autores tecem, em seus ensaios, relações de base antitética. Assim, Ariel/Caliban, para José Enrique Rodó, e os parasitas/parasitados, para Manoel Bomfim, são representações antagônicas que simbolizam alternativas desejáveis e indesejáveis para os povos latinoamericanos. O intuito inicial do trabalho é traçar uma breve apreciação biográfica dos autores, seguida de um exame da recepção crítica das obras, de uma análise das questões mais centrais de cada ensaio e, por fim, de uma investigação dos personagens simbólicos criados ao longo das narrativas. Com base nesse cotejo entre as obras, pretendemos compreender melhor o quanto elas contribuem para a construção identitária do imaginário latino-americano / Abstract: The presented dissertation revolves around the study of A América Latina and Ariel, two important essays in the Latin American context of the passing of the nineteenth to the twentieth century. The writers of these essays, the Brazilian Manoel Bomfim (1868-1932) and the Uruguayan José Enrique Rodó (1871-1917), reveal convergence and divergence points all over their analysis. While the former dwells on the characteristics and consequences of the Iberian colonization in American ground, the latter turns against a possible process of resettlement via the United States of America. However in despite of this distinct focalization both writers draw, in their essays, antithetical-based relationship. Hence, Ariel/Caliban of Rodó and parasite/parasitized of Bomfim are antagonistic representations that symbolize desirable and undesirable alternatives for the peoples of the Latin America. The first purpose of the text is to draw a brief biographical appreciation of the authors, followed by an examination of the critical reception of their works, an analysis of the most central questions of each essay and, at last, an investigation about the symbolic characters created along the narratives. Based in the confrontation of the two texts, we shall understand better how much they contribute for the identity construction of the Latin American imaginary / Mestre

中國歷史上屢有異邦人士親身踏訪禹域，其中不乏有心之人將見聞感受付諸紙筆，撰文紀行。考慮到此類材料的政治意涵與文類屬性，本文採用「中國行紀」的概念指稱明治時代日本人結合親身踏訪禹域體驗撰寫的紀行文字。本文討論之日本明治（1868-1912）在時段上與中國晚清大致相當。不到五十年裏，兩國都經歷了翻天覆地但又截然相反的變動。也就是說，在日本不斷進步、日趨興盛的同時，中國卻世風日下，走向衰頹。一百多年前日本漢學者的中國行紀從異域鄰人的角度爲今人理解與進入晚清提供了嶄新的研究視角。 / 有關明治漢文中國行紀的先行研究側重於中日政治關係的歷史描繪，對兩國知識人士之間文化交流與知識轉型方面的價值則有待繼續討論。本文將集中討論被視為明治三大漢文中國行紀的竹添進一郎《棧雲峽雨日記》、岡千仞《觀光紀游》與山本憲《燕山楚水紀遊》。它們分別代表了明治前期、中期與後期日本人對中國的旅行書寫，顯示出日本漢文中國行紀逐漸走向盡頭的趨勢。上述三書不僅影響到許多同代及其後大正、昭和時期的中國行紀，而且行紀文體的親歷性與權威性也使其對於近代日本人中國認識的轉變與形塑起到潛移默化的作用。三位作者都是受到過傳統舊式教育的漢學者，通過寫作傳達出親歷中國後想像與現實的落差，又以文學家的筆調記錄了晚清社會政治與士民生活的方方面面，在近代中日文化交流與知識轉型上扮演了重要角色。筆者將以漢文筆談為切入點，討論近代中日知識人士圍繞文化交流、知識轉型、文士往來與書籍酬贈等重要議題展開的交際與互動。本文期望通過勾稽相關文獻史料，回歸晚清歷史語境，藉助異域之眼反躬自省。 / In Chinese history, there were always overseas people travelling to China, including Japanese sinologists, many of whom had recorded their impressions of China by composing travelogues. Considering the political implication and the genre application of this kind of materials, this research adopts the term "travelogues about China" to generalize all these records. The time period to be discussed in this research project is the whole Meiji era, namely, from 1868 to 1912, less than half a century, corresponding roughly to the late Qing period. These two countries had undergone tremendous but reversed revolutions during this period. That is to say, when Japan made progress everyday, China, on the other hand, was in an apparent state of decline. Travelogues about China 150 years ago provide people nowadays with a new research angle to comprehend and enter the late Qing history from Japanese sinologists’ perspectives. / Previous research about on Japanese travelogues about China in Chinese during the Meiji Period focused on historical descriptions of Sino-Japanese political relationships, however, the value of cultural exchange and transformation of knowledge between literary elites from both of these two countries remain to be discussed. This research plans to focus on Takezoe Shin’ichirō’s San’un Kyōu Nikki (A Diary of Clouds Hanging between the Mountains and Rain in the Ravines), Oka Senjin’s Kanko Kiyū (Travel Reports for Sightseeing) and Yamamoto Ken’s Enzan Sosui Kiyū (Travel Reports for the Mountains of North China and the Rivers of South China), which were regarded as the three most representative Japanese travelogues about China in Chinese. Respectively, they represented Japanese travel writing about China in the early, the middle and the late Meiji period and indicated that the ending of the traditional Japanese travelogues about China in Chinese was approaching. In addition, they also had a profound impact on the following Japanese travel literature about China. The genre of travelogue also exercised an invisible and formative influence on Japanese views of China in the modern era. All of these three sinologists were educated in the old style and had deep backgrounds of traditional Chinese learning. Through writing, they expressed the distance between imagination and reality after experiencing China for themselves, and various recorded aspects of the late Qing’s social politics and civil life. They played an important role in modern Sino-Japanese cultural exchange and transformation of knowledge. It will also discuss modern Sino-Japanese literati cultural and book exchange, transformation of knowledge and other issues centered on the practice of conversations by writing Chinese. This research hopes to return to the late Qing and reflect on China through its neighbors’ perspectives. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Parallel title from added title page. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 291-339). / Abstracts also in English.

手稿影印本. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學硏究院敎育學部. / Shou gao ying yin ben. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 360-396). / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue yan jiu yuan jiao yu xue bu. / Chapter 第一章 --- 引言 / Chapter 一 --- 教育目標的分類 --- p.1 / Chapter 二 --- 過份重視智育引起的偏差 --- p.2 / Chapter 第二章 --- 研究緣起與目的 / Chapter 一 --- 文學作品的教育作用 --- p.7 / Chapter 1 --- 道德教育作用 --- p.8 / Chapter 2 --- 情感教育作用 --- p.19 / Chapter 3 --- 文學作品對情感的滋養作用 --- p.21 / Chapter 二 --- 中學中國文學科課程課文的規劃 --- p.27 / Chapter 三 --- 中學中國文學科教學目標的貫徹 --- p.30 / Chapter 第三章 --- 論題說明 / Chapter 一 --- 文學的定義與文學的特質 / Chapter 1 --- 文學的定義 --- p.32 / Chapter 2 --- 文學的特質 --- p.35 / Chapter 二 --- 中學中國文學科課文 --- p.36 / Chapter 三 --- 道德的定義與道德發展 / Chapter 1 --- 道德的定義 --- p.38 / Chapter 2 --- 道德的發展 --- p.38 / Chapter 四 --- 情感的定義與情感分類 / Chapter 1 --- 情感的定義 --- p.68 / Chapter 2 --- 情緒、情感和情操的分別 --- p.68 / Chapter 3 --- 情感的特質 --- p.72 / Chapter 4 --- 情感的分類 --- p.73 / Chapter 第四章 --- 理論說明 / Chapter 一 --- 文學作品中的道德成素 --- p.85 / Chapter 1 --- 文學作品中的道德成素的內涵 --- p.91 / Chapter 2 --- 文學作品中道德信息的特徵 --- p.103 / Chapter 3 --- 道德判斷與事實判斷的分別 --- p.105 / Chapter 4 --- 中國文學作品中的道德成素 / Chapter 二 --- 文學作品中的情感成素 / Chapter 1 --- 文學的內涵 --- p.115 / Chapter 2 --- 文學作品中情感信息的特徵 --- p.117 / Chapter 3 --- 中國文學作品中的情感成素 --- p.149 / Chapter 三 --- 文學作品內容分析的方法 / Chapter 1 --- 內容分析理論 --- p.266 / Chapter 2 --- 中國文學作品內容分析的方法 --- p.268 / Chapter 第五章 --- 研究設計 / Chapter 一 --- 研究對象 --- p.288 / Chapter 二 --- 研究假設 --- p.288 / Chapter 三 --- 研究工具 --- p.289 / Chapter 1 --- 課文元次的分類 --- p.289 / Chapter 2 --- 道德元次的分類 --- p.289 / Chapter 3 --- 情感元次的分類 --- p.290 / Chapter 四 --- 研究方法和步驟 --- p.298 / Chapter 五 --- 資料分析 --- p.301 / Chapter 六 --- 研究局限 --- p.301 / Chapter 第六章 --- 研究結果及討論 / Chapter 一 --- 研究結果 / Chapter 1 --- 類目的整理和分析 --- p.303 / Chapter 2 --- 道德成素在課文中的分佈 --- p.306 / Chapter 3 --- 情感成素在課文中的分佈 --- p.307 / Chapter 二 --- 討論 / Chapter 1 --- 道德成素含量及其意義 --- p.315 / Chapter 2 --- 道德教育的模式與文學科教材的規劃 --- p.322 / Chapter 3 --- 情感成素含量及其意義 --- p.319 / Chapter 4 --- 情感教育的模式與文學科教材的規劃 --- p.328 / Chapter 第七章 --- 摘要、結論及建議 --- p.332 / Chapter 一 --- 摘要 --- p.332 / Chapter 二 --- 結論 --- p.333 / Chapter 三 --- 建議 --- p.334 / 附錄 / Chapter 附錄一 --- 中學中國文學科課程內容 --- p.337 / Chapter 附錄二 --- 中學中國文學科課文內容分析藍圖 --- p.339 / Chapter 附錄三 --- 課文的道德及情感成素次數分配及差異分析表 --- p.341 / Chapter 附錄四 --- 中學中國語文科培養品德的資料 --- p.358 / Chapter 附錄五 --- 參考文獻 / 中文部份 --- p.360 / 英文部份 --- p.394

梁建輝. / 稿本(據電腦打印本複印) / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學硏究院中國語文學部. / Gao ben (Ju dian nao da yin ben fu yin) / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 305-323). / Liang Jianhui. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue yan jiu yuan Zhongguo yu wen xue bu. / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1-26 / Chapter 第一節 --- 硏究本題的目的 --- p.1-11 / Chapter 第二節 --- 硏究本題的困難 --- p.11-15 / Chapter 第三節 --- 硏究本題的方法 --- p.15-18 / 注釋 --- p.19-26 / Chapter 第二章 --- 王充、劉勰論文的基本前提 --- p.27-78 / Chapter 第一節 --- 「文」的意義 --- p.27-54 / 注釋 --- p.55-60 / Chapter 第二節 --- 「文」的功能 --- p.61-76 / 注釋 --- p.77-78 / Chapter 第三章 --- 王充、劉勰的文體論 --- p.79-155 / Chapter 第一節 --- 論「武頌」 --- p.79-105 / 注釋 --- p.106-110 / Chapter 第二節 --- 論「史傳」 --- p.111-123 / 注釋 --- p.124-126 / Chapter 第三節 --- 論「諸子」 --- p.127-135 / 注釋 --- p.136-139 / Chapter 第四節 --- 論「論¨®Ơ」 --- p.140-153 / 注釋 --- p.154-155 / Chapter 第四章 --- 王充、劉勰的創作論 --- p.156-245 / Chapter 第一節 --- 論「模擬」 --- p.156-178 / 注釋 --- p.179-183 / Chapter 第二節 --- 論「言意」 --- p.184-193 / 注釋 --- p.194 / Chapter 第三節 --- 論「夸飾」 --- p.195-220 / 注釋 --- p.221-227 / Chapter 第四節 --- 論「繁簡」 --- p.228-242 / 注釋 --- p.243-245 / Chapter 第五章 --- 王充、劉勰的批評論 --- p.246-297 / Chapter 第一節 --- 論「奇」 --- p.246-267 / 注釋 --- p.268-272 / Chapter 第二節 --- 論「古」、「今」 --- p.273-292 / 注釋 --- p.293-297 / Chapter 第六章 --- 結語 --- p.298-304 / Chapter 第一節 --- 綜論王充、劉勰論文觀點的異同 --- p.298-301 / Chapter 第二節 --- 對漢魏六朝文論發展的一些假設 --- p.301-303 / 注釋 --- p.304 / 參考書目 --- p.305-323