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Thesis (MA (English))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / The eras of colonial expansion and the era designated the modern have been both chronologically and philosophically linked from the commencement of the Renaissance period and Enlightenment thought in the 15th century. The discovery of the New World in 1492 gave impetus to a new type of literature, the colonial novel. Throughout the development of this genre, in both its narrative strategies and the depiction of the colonist’s relationship with the foreign land he now inhabits, it has been both informed and formed by the prevailing philosophical atmosphere of the time. In the context of this discussion it is particularly interesting to note what might be termed the level of regression of the modern ideal, and how it is reflected in the colonial novels written at the time. Commencing with the essentially optimistic Robinson Crusoe and The Coral Island, and progressing through the far darker imaginings of Heart of Darkness, Lord of the Flies, and eventually Apocalypse Now and Blood Meridian, it is possible to trace the effects of the declining power of Enlightenment thought. Whereas earlier texts deal quite unambiguously with the issue of the Western subject’s subjugation of both the foreign environment and the foreign subjects he encounters there, and the relation between subject and object remains quite uncomplicated, in later, more self-reflexive texts the modern subject’s relationship with both the alien land and alien people becomes far more problematic. Later texts such as Heart of Darkness and Lord of the Flies depict a world where the self-assurance of early texts is strikingly absent. Increasingly, as the initial self-confidence of modernism is eroded, secular moral values, too, come to be questioned. It is here that the works of Nietzsche come to play a prominent role in the analysis of how such a decline in modern confidence is reflected in later colonial works. Even later works such as Apocalypse Now and Blood Meridian provide a view of the colonial enterprise that is in striking contrast to the optimism of early texts. The chronological progression of texts dealt with here, spanning an era of almost three hundred years prove to be reflective, to a large degree, of the decline of modernity and the effects of this on the colonial enterprise as depicted in the colonial genre.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-01-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:55:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_ds_me_assis.pdf: 605411 bytes, checksum: fb21af2dfba3823cc51651cc8c0d1b3e (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A presente dissertação centra-se no estudo de A América Latina e Ariel, dois ensaios importantes no contexto latino-americano da passagem do século XIX para o século XX. Seus autores, o brasileiro Manoel Bomfim (1868-1932) e o uruguaio José Enrique Rodó (1871- 1917), revelam pontos de convergência e pontos de divergência ao longo de suas análises. Enquanto o primeiro se detém com maior atenção nas características e consequências da colonização ibérica em solo americano, o segundo se volta contra um possível processo de recolonização via Estados Unidos da América. Contudo, apesar dessa focalização distinta, ambos os autores tecem, em seus ensaios, relações de base antitética. Assim, Ariel/Caliban, para José Enrique Rodó, e os parasitas/parasitados, para Manoel Bomfim, são representações antagônicas que simbolizam alternativas desejáveis e indesejáveis para os povos latinoamericanos. O intuito inicial do trabalho é traçar uma breve apreciação biográfica dos autores, seguida de um exame da recepção crítica das obras, de uma análise das questões mais centrais de cada ensaio e, por fim, de uma investigação dos personagens simbólicos criados ao longo das narrativas. Com base nesse cotejo entre as obras, pretendemos compreender melhor o quanto elas contribuem para a construção identitária do imaginário latino-americano / The presented dissertation revolves around the study of A América Latina and Ariel, two important essays in the Latin American context of the passing of the nineteenth to the twentieth century. The writers of these essays, the Brazilian Manoel Bomfim (1868-1932) and the Uruguayan José Enrique Rodó (1871-1917), reveal convergence and divergence points all over their analysis. While the former dwells on the characteristics and consequences of the Iberian colonization in American ground, the latter turns against a possible process of resettlement via the United States of America. However in despite of this distinct focalization both writers draw, in their essays, antithetical-based relationship. Hence, Ariel/Caliban of Rodó and parasite/parasitized of Bomfim are antagonistic representations that symbolize desirable and undesirable alternatives for the peoples of the Latin America. The first purpose of the text is to draw a brief biographical appreciation of the authors, followed by an examination of the critical reception of their works, an analysis of the most central questions of each essay and, at last, an investigation about the symbolic characters created along the narratives. Based in the confrontation of the two texts, we shall understand better how much they contribute for the identity construction of the Latin American imaginary

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T16:51:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-05-29. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-05-17T16:54:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000863936.pdf: 1190724 bytes, checksum: 65bada9ba0c7ffbec9009f03e0feec03 (MD5) / Este estudo aborda a intersecção entre mito, literatura e direito em Édipo rei, de Sófocles, e tem como objetivo identificar os fatores de conexão entre essas áreas do saber na tragédia grega, propondo reflexões em torno dessas disciplinas. Objetiva, ainda, demonstrar como a interpretação literária pode ser útil para identificar a temática jurídica em narrativas literárias, bem como realçar a função sociológica e psicológica do mito, aproximando-o das finalidades do direito, notadamente como modelo de conduta humana e forma de controle social. Adota como ponto de partida as contribuições fornecidas pela teoria dos sistemas autopoiéticos de Niklas Luhmann, da qual se originam os fundamentos basilares para justificar a comunicação entre diferentes nichos do saber e dos teóricos do Law and Literature Movement. A literatura comparada sob a vertente do dialogismo bakhtiniano também reforça a noção de comunicação entre discursos de naturezas diversas (antropológico, literário e jurídico). Os estudos de Frye, Mielietinski e Durand explicam a dupla relação que se estabelece entre o mito e a literatura e pensadores modernos como Nietszche e Lévi-Strauss contribuem para demonstrar que os mitos continuam a ser valorizados e sobrevivem nos dias atuais. O denominado ―prolegômeno de Campbell‖, sobretudo sob a perspectiva da função sociológica e psicológica da narrativa mítica, e a tese de Eliade que encerra a ideia do caráter ritualístico do mito e a sua correspondência a um conjunto de códigos exemplares de conduta estreitam ainda mais as relações do mito com o direito. Na sequência, partindo das considerações teóricas, a pesquisa centra-se na questão da analogia entre o saber de Édipo, consubstanciado na solução do enigma da esfinge e na cura de Tebas, com os problemas da hermenêutica jurídica. Dessa forma, o trabalho se propõe a obter a ampliação e fusão dos horizontes de cada uma das... / This study focuses on the intersection between myth, literature and law in Oedipus the King, by Sophocles, and aims to identify the connections between these areas of knowledge in Greek tragedy. It also aims to demonstrate how literary interpretation can be useful to identify the legal issues in literary narratives, as well as enhance the psychological and sociological functions of the myth, approaching it from the law purposes, notably as model of human behavior and form of social control. It adopts as a starting point for the input provided by the autopoietic systems theory by Niklas Luhmann, from which originate the basic foundations to justify the communication between different niches of knowledge and theorists of the Law and Literature Movement. Comparative literature under Bakhtin's dialogism also reinforces the notion of communication between speeches of various kinds (anthropological, literary and legal). Studies of Frye, Mielietinski and Durand explain the dual relationship established between myth and literature, and modern thinkers such as Nietzsche and Lévi-Strauss show that the myths will continue to be valued and survive. The so-called Campbell prolegomenon, especially from the perspective of sociological and psychological function of mythic narrative and Eliade's arguments that conveys the idea of ritualistic character of myth and its correspondence to a set of exemplary codes of conduct, even more the relation myth and Law. In sequence, starting from theoretical considerations, the research focuses on the issue of analogy between the wisdom of Oedipus, embodied in the solution of the riddle of the Sphinx and in the healing of Thebes, with legal interpretation issues. Thus, the thesis aims to achieve the expansion and fusion of horizons of each of one of the areas of knowledge involved, especially from the point of view of identification and understanding of the law and its resonance in Greek tragedy, and the ...

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Orientador: Cláudia Maria Ceneviva Nigro / Banca: Norma Wimmer / Banca: Giséle Manganelli Fernandes / Banca: Raquel Terezinha Rodrigues / Banca: Júlio César Barreto Rocha / Resumo: Numa sociedade que associa a beleza feminina aos atributos físicos (e culturais) brancos e personifica a fealdade num corpo negro, afirmar-se mulher negra, valorizando as próprias características corporais, constitui vigoroso processo de ressignificação dos conceitos e juízos negativos. Isso porque, o sentir-se bem com contornos naturais pressupõe a existência de uma beleza capaz de tornar falsa a necessidade da adequação às regras do padrão hegemônico, presumindo, para esse tipo de enfrentamento, um discurso hábil o suficiente para subverter as formas representativas da literatura assentadas nas cenas racistas de inferioridade e objetificação, desestabilizando a exigência do "embelezamento" como condição para a felicidade nas experiências quotidianas. O corpo desenhado a partir dessa perspectiva esquiva-se do binarismo do eurocentrismo e reforma, ao modo negro de ser, a ideia do feminino, assumido como principal forma de atuação, sem a imprescindibilidade de se comparar aos modelos idealizados nos parâmetros do branqueamento. Para algumas mulheres negras, a literatura é o campo privilegiado para forjar as interpretações corporais destituídas dos aspectos da "submissão natural" e combater os "lugares" (in)apropriados aos corpos que se apresentam "contrariando às normas". Como escritoras, colocam-se em local privilegiado da sua própria escrita e, na condição de locutoras, tecem uma poética decolonial do corpo. É deste fazer literário que se ocupa este trabalho, tendo por objetivo refletir sobre a poetização da corporeidade na poesia das escritoras afro-brasileiras Alzira Rufino, Conceição Evaristo, Geni Guimarães e Miriam Alves, em convergência/divergência com o padrão eurocêntrico de beleza no paradigma da colonialidade do poder. De forma especifica, realiza-se a leitura do corpo como elemento de emancipação política da mulher negra, circunscrevendo a rejeição da subserviência... / Abstract: In a society that associates feminine beauty to physical (and cultural) white attributes and embodies ugliness in a black body it is easy to affirm that black women, who values their own body features, constitutes a vigorous process of negative concept and judgment resignification. This may happen due to a positive feeling towards their natural contours, which may presuppose a beauty able to make the need for compliance with the rules of hegemonic power fake, assuming, in that kind of confrontation, a skillful speech, enough to subvert representative forms of literature based on racist scenes of inferiority and objectification. This may destabilize the requirement of "beautification" as a condition for happiness in everyday experience. The body drawn from that perspective is beating Eurocentric binarism and reform. It is a black mode of being. The feminine idea assumed as a main form of activity, without essentialism, compares models devised in whitening parameters. For some black women, literature is the privileged field to forge the body deprived by interpretations of "natural submission" and combat "places" aspects (in) appropriated to those bodies that are "contrary to the rules". As writers, placed in a privileged place of their own writing and, as announcers of the black condition, weave a 'de-colonial' poetics of the body. It is about the literary performance that we deal in this work. We intended to reflect on the corporality poetic of some Afro-Brazilian writers Alzira Rufino, Conceição Evaristo, Geni Guimarães and Miriam Alves, in convergence/divergence with the Eurocentric standard of beauty in the colonial paradigm of power. Specifically, it is the body - read as an element of black woman political emancipation, focusing solely on the rejection of subservience to the dictates of whiteness - the creation of their own standard of beauty and autonomy ideal conducted by disobedient choices and unsubmissive figurative types / Doutor

This thesis constructs a history of reading for South Asia (1857-1914) through an examination of the eccentric relationships that marginal colonial agents and subjects - soldiers, peasants, office clerks and women - developed with everyday forms of writing. Drawing on the methodologies of the history of the book, and literary and cultural histories, it creates a counterpoint to the dominant view of imperial self-fashioning as built on reading intensively and at length. Instead, it contends that the formation of identities in colonial South Asia, whether compliant or dissenting, was predicated on superficial forms of textual engagement, leaving the documents of empire most likely misread, unread, or simply read in part. I illustrate this argument through four chapters, each of which brings together extensive archival material and nonliterary texts, as well as both canonical and little-known literary works. The first two discuss the circulation of unread texts in colonial institutions: the army and the government office. I study Garnet Wolseley's pioneering war manual, The Soldier's Pocket-book for Field Service, a book that soldiers refused to read. This is juxtaposed, in the second study, with an examination of the reception of the bureaucratic document in illiterate peasant communities, explored through the colonial archive and ethnographic novels. In the third and fourth chapters, I focus on texts consumed in part. I turn to the Bengali Hindu almanac, a form that made the transition from manuscript to print in this period, and examine how it trained its new-found readership of English-educated office clerks to oscillate smoothly between British-bureaucratic and local forms of time, as well as to read quickly and selectively. I end with a study of The Indian Ladies' Magazine, and suggest that the cosmopolitan form of the periodical and editorial practices of extracting and summarising gave women unprecedented access to a network of global print.

This study sought to uncover gender bias in selected Shona novels and examine the manner in which authors present the subject. The major objectives were to identify the effects of hostile gender relations and assess Shona novel authors’ commitments to promote healthy gender relations which are pre-requisites for national development. The study adopted the dual approach by fusing feminism with Afrocentricity as the literary tool of analysis. These theories served as lenses for exploring gender biases in selected Shona novels. The liberal feminism was the most relevant feminist theory to this study because it advocates more about inclusion and unrestricted participation of women in all spheres of social life. The research was anchored on the qualitative design. The methodology used to gather data for analysis involved interviewing three out of four authors of this research’s selected Shona novels, eight Shona literature lecturers from teachers’ colleges and universities in Zimbabwe as well as five accomplished scholars who have also written their own Shona novels. Questionnaires were administered to thirty two students, twenty from teachers’ colleges and twelve from universities in Zimbabwe. The total number of all participants in this study was forty-eight and purposive sampling was used to come up with the sample. Data was analysed in descriptive form. This study has established that most Shona novelists are not gender neutral. While some authors are championing the emancipation of women others are perpetuating their marginalisation. Basing on the findings of this study, the researcher recommends that Shona authors should be sensitised through workshops, seminars or conferences on the need to pen gender balanced novels if national development is to be realised. This would help the societies who are the consumers of such novels to be gender neutral through emulating the positive portrayal attributed to characters. The Zimbabwe Schools Examinations Council (ZIMSEC), teachers’ colleges and universities should approve gender neutral Shona novels so that students can have appropriate role models to emulate. It is envisaged that this research will be of great benefit to all those who will have the privilege to access it. Gained knowledge will help to extricate women from marginalisation and also promote healthy gender relations. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

A lot of research on the Shona novel has focussed on the influence of orature and the Bible. It has also focused on the influence that the Southern Rhodesia Literature Bureau had on its development. This research has endeavoured to highlight the reliability and validity of the Shona novel as a historical document. The dependability of the novel as an alternative site from which history can be deciphered is corroborated by historical documents. The history that comes out in the Shona novels that have been studied covers the pre-colonial period right up to the post-independence period. Among the issues that come up in the research that relate to history are the Rozvi state under Chirisamhuru, the economic activities in pre-colonial Shona society that include raids for cattle and women as well as hunting and external trade. The Shona novel has also proved historically reliable in as far as it relates to the navigability of the Save River. It has highlighted the living conditions and the wages that Blacks got in colonial Rhodesia and exposed the land imbalances that came into existence because of the Land Apportionment Act of 1930, which left Blacks living on the periphery and in overcrowded, hot and dry reserves that were hardly fertile. The Rhodesian authorities, as the novels have exposed, denied most Blacks access to education. When schools were provided, they were poorly staffed and those on farms functioned more as labour pools than schools. The novel has also proved its dependability when it highlights the early days of the nationalist movement and the unilateral declaration of independence of 1965. It has also brought to the fore the birth of the armed struggle and the Rhodesian responses to it. The Rhodesians responded politically and militarily. Politically, it was through the Internal Settlement Agreement of March 1978. Militarily they moved people into 'protected villages' in an effort to deny guerrillas access to food and clothing. The novel also highlights the post-independence period especially political intolerance. / African Languages / D.Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

xi, 284 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / My dissertation delves into the recent articulation of popular nationalism in Mainland China, with particular emphasis on the changes that globalization and transnationalism have brought about to the representation of the Chinese nation in sentimental terms. Complementing the rich existing literature of Chinese nationalism that focuses mainly on the pre-1949 period, my study explores the less-treaded contemporary era characterized by the new historical condition of postsocialism, which features a residual of the socialist past as well as its reinvention under new overwhelming trends of globalization. Postsocialism and its consequences-the deepening of a neoliberalist economic refonn, the state-intellectual promotion of cultural economy, the emergence of a dominant consumer culture, etc.-have produced new issues existing scholarship on Chinese nationalism has yet to address. One such issue is how the paradoxical entity of the "nation" in time and space has been fragmented by the accretion of diversified voices from a wide spectrum of Chinese society. In postsocialist China, the agents imagining the nation include not only regulars like the state and intellectuals, but also new players like mass-media elites and netizens (wangmin). I argue that these voices of different social forces that break up the hegemony of the state in representing the nation-the result of which being not that the state is excluded from this enterprise but that it now tells only part of the story-become expressed as modes of national sentiments (minzu qinggan) when the nation is imagined under the historical condition of postsocialism. My study then explores in detail the fashioning and refashioning of contemporary Chinese subjectivity, as it relates through the joining of national sentiments to the literal and figurative body of the nation and the social power structure, by analyzing these specific voices in a broad range of popular texts from TV, film, and the Internet. The detailed examination includes four chapters dealing with specific modes of national sentiments articulated by the intellectuals, the state, the mass-media elites, and the netizens, respectively. / Committee in charge: Tze-lan Sang, Co-Chairperson, East Asian Languages & Literature; David Leiwei Li, Co-Chairperson, English; Maram Epstein, Member, East Asian Languages & Literature; Bryna Goodman, Outside Member, History