Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-114).

Denna rapport beskriver utvecklingen av en iOS applikation för att undersöka resursanvändningen vid rendering av 3D-objekt med och utan “Level of Detail” (LoD). Uppdragsgivaren är företaget ÅF i Karlstad. Vid körning av applikationen renderas ett högt antal 3D-objekt och utefter kamerans bana samlas mätdata in. Mätdatan, i form av resursanvändning av CPU och RAM samt FPS-prestanda, presenteras och analyseras i slutet av denna rapport. Våra resultat visar att med LoD krävs det mindre RAM, vilket innebär att mer komplexa 3D-objekt kan hanteras, men den visuella kvaliteten på dessa renderade 3D-objekt försämras något. / This report describes the development of an iOS application, to examine the usage of resources when rendering 3D-objects with and without ‘Level of Detail’ (LoD). The task was given to us by the company ÅF in Karlstad. Upon launch, the application renders a large number of 3D-objects, and measurement data is collected along the camera’s path. The data, which is about CPU and RAM usage and FPS performance, is presented and analyzed at the end of this report. Our results show a decrease of RAM usage when LoD is activated, which means that more complex 3D-objects can be handled, but the visual quality of these 3D-objects is slightly impaired.

BackgroundThere are different methods for rendering grass in real-time, for video games. This thesis looks at an algorithm that uses hardware tessellation to generate geometry during run time. These concepts are explained in more detail in the introduction chapter as well as the method chapter. The objectives problem that this thesis revolves around is this; When rendering grass using tessellation a lot of geometry is created. This means that the grass might be a bottleneck, meaning it eats too much performance. This applies especially when adding lighting to a scene dense with grass. Lighting requires a lot more computations, so adding this can create a difference, a "dip" in performance. To try and aid this dip, LOD in different forms will be added. Then tests will be carried out to see if the divide is lessened. This would allow for a lot of lighting to be used together with this expensive technique. LOD means a way to lessen the geometry being rendered through different algorithms so that the performance cost will not be as high. methods answer the relevant research questions, a literature review was carried out. This is to understand the relevant 3D techniques better. And also to learn more about rendering grass through tessellation. Then an implementation was conducted, with this experiment to test different LOD techniques with and without lighting. Each scenario was tested ten times and the average framerate was measured and put into charts.ResultsThe average framerate dropped when light sources were added in all of the tests. The binary tree consumed more RAM usage but aided the framerate more than the quadtree. The VRAM usage for the grass tessellation was around 100 MB.ConclusionsFor future work, it would be interesting to compare different ways of rendering grass for the sake of user value. Do people prefer tessellated grass when minimal lighting is applied? Or do people prefer quads to represent grass? The results did not showthat the LOD implemented solved the issue presented in this thesis.

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The goal of this thesis is to design and implement a front-end application allowing users to create and manage custom views for arbitrary linked data endpoints. Such views will be executable against a predefined SPARQL endpoint and the users will be able to retrieve and download their requested data in the CSV format. The users will also be able to share these views and store them utilizing Solid Pods. Experienced SPARQL users will be able to manually customize the query. To achieve these goals, the system uses freely available technologies - HTML, JavaScript (namely the React framework) and CSS.

BIM, Building Information Modelling, är inget nytt begrepp för byggbranschen och ämnet är välutforskat i teorin. Den praktiska tillämpningen har dock inte nått ut till hela den svenska branschen och lägst implementation finns idag hos förvaltningen. För att BIM ska nå ut till denna del av branschen, behöver beställarna förstå vilken funktion BIM kan bistå med och ställa BIM-krav i sina projekt. Då det inte finns någon övre gräns på hur mycket information en modell kan innehålla, behöver beställarna också definiera vilken information som är nödvändig för sökta funktioner. Denna studie ämnar att tydliggöra hur informationsinnehållet i en modell påverkas av olika detaljeringsnivåer. Genom en sammanställning av befintliga standarder och nivåsystem har en utbildningslokal på 150kvm modellerats med hjälp av Autodesk Revit Architecture. Med hjälp av denna modell och sammanställd teori dras följande slutsatser. Det är möjligt att säkerställa informationsbehoven hos beställarens organisation med hjälp av ett detaljeringsnivåsystem. Olika fastigheter har olika funktionsbehov och kräver olika detaljeringsnivåer. En generell nivå på vilken information som ska ingå i dessa modeller borde gå att fastställa. En förutsättning för lyckade BIM-projekt är att tydliga anvisningar och krav upprättas inför modellering och att dessa är förankrade i byggprojektets och förvaltningens informationsbehov. / BIM, Building Information Modelling, is not a new concept for the construction industry and the subject is well reviewed in theory. The practical application has not yet reached out to the whole Swedish construction industry and the lowest implementation of BIM can be found in facility management. For BIM to reach this part of the industry, clients’ needs to understand the functions that BIM can assist with and set BIM requirements for their projects. Since there is no upper limit on the level of information a model may contain, clients also needs to define which information is necessary for the sought functions. This study aims to clarify how the information content of a model is affected by different levels of detail. Through a compilation of existing standards and level system has an education facility of 150sqm been modeled using Autodesk Revit Architecture. With the help of this model and the compiled theory, following conclusions has been drawn. It is possible to ensure the information needs of the client's organization with the help of a system for level of development. Different buildings have different functional needs and require different levels of detail. A general level of detail to be included with these models should be possible to determine. A prerequisite for successful BIM project is that clear instructions and requirements are established for the modeling process and that these are anchored in the needs of the project and management.

Ett framtida varmare klimat förväntas öka vår nederbörd i Sverige. Kraven på hur man ska omhänderta dagvatten har förändrats och skärpts de senaste åren vilket har gjort att nya dagvattensystem har börjat tas i bruk. Rapporten går igenom hur man valt att lösa dagvattenfrågan i ett nyproducerat bostadsområde utfört av ett stort byggföretag. I området har man valt att omhänderta dagvattnet lokalt, det vill säga att dagvatten fördröjs och rengörs i det drabbade området. Genom att utnyttja markens förutsättningar kombinerat med tekniska lösningar har det skapats ett dagvattensystem som ska leva upp till samhällets ställda krav. Rapporten redogör för dimensioneringsmetoder av dagvattensystem som visar att små förändringar i ett stort system kan ge stora följder för systemets funktion. För att ett system ska fungera under en längre tidsperiod så krävs det att man underhåller systemet efter en framtagen underhållsplan som redovisas i rapporten. För att systemet ska kunna underhållas effektivt så har undersökningen tagit fram tre förslag på dagvattenbrunnar med tillhörande magasin som ska underlätta underhåll och reducera flödesstörningar. / In the future we expect a warmer climate and the warmer temperatures will increase the rainfall in Sweden. How we disposes our stormwater have in the recent years got stricter requirements which resulted in new stormwater systems has been put in use. The report describes a stormwater system in a residential area developed by a large building company. In the area the stormwater is been taken care of inside the intended area. With this means that stormwater is being delayed and purified within the affected area. By using the ground conditions in the area together with technical solutions a system has been created to live up to the society’s set requirements. The report describes the sizing methods of stormwater systems that show that small changes in a large system can have a major impact on the functioning of the system. For a system to function for a longer period of time, It’s necessary to maintain the system after a planned maintenances plan witch this report presents. In order for the system to be able to be maintenance effectively in future, the study has developed three proposals for the design of stormwaterwells with associated magazines to facilitate maintenance and reduce flowdisturbances.

<p>This thesis is focused on the improvement of an existing implementation of a waveform visualizer. The problem area handled in this work has its focus on how to reduce the number of points to be plotted. The given waveform visualizer was extended by the use of two additional algorithms. First, a Level Of Detail (LOD) algorithm that gives the subset of points that are necessary to plot the waveform in the current zoom level. Second, a straight line identification algorithm to find a series of points aligned in a straight line, only leaving the end points and then drawing a line between them. These two optimizations are the main focus of this work.Additionally, an exporting functionality was implemented to export the plot data into several different data formats. Also some improvements of zooming, panning, some GUI design, and a new drag and drop functionality was constructed.</p>

Durant la tesi doctoral s'ha comprovat que a partir de biosensors fabricats mitjançant una tecnología relativament senzilla i económica, com és la formació de matrius i la impressió serigràfica de tintes, es poden realitzar determinacions de diversos analits d'interès en l'àmbit alimentari no tan sols en solucions estàndard sinó també en mostres reals. Els resultats aconseguits suposen una important millora en l'abaratiment dels costos d'anàlisi i la reducció del temps necessari.El treball realitzar s'ha portat a terme en dues parts molt diferenciades; en una primera s'han desenvolupat biosensors screen-printing basats en resines epoxi per a l'anàlisi de pesticides i en una segona biosensors screen-printing basats en matrius de sílice (sol-gel) per a la determinació d'àcid màlic i làctic en vins.