This study using a quantitative, descriptive design with a questionnaire investigated cultural, religious and social factors that might impact on ARV treatment in HIV/AIDS-infected women in Botswana. The study found that the majority never missed any doses, a few missed doses once or twice, and a small minority missed more than three times. The respondents’ perception of cultural influence on treatment of HIV/AIDS in women revealed that the majority (70%) believe culture has an influence on the treatment. Social factors also impacted on ARV adherence. A few of the respondents indicated that side effects and the number of pills prevented ARV medication adherence. The main reason for non-adherence, however, was forgetfulness. There had been an improvement in the majority of the respondents’ health status and quality of life. Maximizing adherence is essential. Providers and patients both have responsibilities in this regard. / Health Studies / M.A.(Health Studies)

The purpose of this thesis is to examine how the turbulent changes within the Irish society affected the face of modern Irish drama. Ireland, originally a rural country bound by religious dogmas and its own colonial past, underwent a considerable amount of development in the latter half of the 20th century; it was predominantly manifested through an increased Celtic Tiger economic prosperity and decreasing influence of the Catholic Church. The central interest of Irish culture has always been the effort to define a unifying national metanarrative and identity. In the beginning of the 20th century this desire was motivated by a struggle to establish a vital opposition between Ireland and Great Britain and definitely renounce its depreciating status of a former colony. However, in the second half of the 20th century the discrepancy between the nationalist ideology driven idea of Irish identity (whose value has always been questionable to say the least) and its modern reality became unbridgeable. The introduction of this thesis is dedicated to summarizing the changes within the Irish society in the course of the 20th century. A brief characterization of this turbulent development should justify the urge of more recent artists to re-formulate the Irish national metanarrative to suit the 20th century...

AIM: This study aimed to explore the factors influencing antiretroviral therapy patients` data quality at Princess Marina Hospital Pharmacy in Botswana. METHODS: A phenomenological approach was adopted in this study. Specifically, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis qualitative design was used to explore the factors influencing antiretroviral therapy patients` data quality at Princess Marina Hospital Pharmacy in Botswana. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview format on 18 conveniently selected pharmacy staff. Data were analysed using Smith’s (2005) Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis framework. RESULT: Five thematic categories emerged from data analysis: data capturing: an extra task, knowledge and experience of IPMS, training and education, mentoring and supervision, and data quality: impact on patients’ care. The findings of this study have implications for practice, training and research. CONCLUSION: Pharmacy staff had limited knowledge of IPMS and its utilisation in data capturing. Such limitations have implications in the context of the quality of data captured / Health Studies / M. A. (Health Studies)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:34:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jaquelini Aparecida Silva Correa.pdf: 2212237 bytes, checksum: 098436a3150b74dbd46840919d86149e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-07 / This thesis is situated in the research area of text and discourse in oral and written modalities of the postgraduate studies program in Portuguese Language of the PUC-SP. It is based on the Critical Discourse Analysis with socio-cognitive aspects and in the Textual- Discursive Linguistic. The thesis has as theme the different forms of representation of feminine in Marina Colasanti's chronicles having as a starting point the relationship between the categories: society, cognition and discourse. The general purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the linguistic-discourse studies of feminine gender in Brazil. It has specific objectives as: 1) to identify the social roles of feminine in Marina Colasanti's chronicles; 2) to verify the opinion of the chronicler regarding the values attributed to the female; according to the social cognition; 3) to situate the feminine gender representations in the argumentative structure of the opinion of the chronicler. 4) to identify in the narrative textual sequences the way the feminine is represented. The methodological procedure used is theoretical and analytical with qualitative analysis of documentary material. This is a multidisciplinary research ranked by the cognition sciences. For a good understanding of the process of this thesis, should be mentioned the fact that it is based on the theoretical foundations of Discursive-Textual Linguistics and Critical Discourse Analysis with socio-cognitive aspects. The analytical categories are: society, discourse and cognition. The corpus consisted of the Marina Colasanti s chronicles that were analyzed from the themes, and their semantic progression for the representation of feminine s social roles in Brazilian society. The results indicate that female representations in Marina Colasanti s chronicles are paradoxical because confront the social cognitions (macho ideology), with the view of the chronicler (feminist ideology). To sum up, these results indicate a change in Brazilian society, in the seventies and eighties, due to the emergence of the contraceptive pill and the professionalization of women in Brazil / Esta dissertação está situada na linha de pesquisa texto e discurso nas modalidades oral e escrita do programa de estudos pós-graduados em Língua Portuguesa da PUC-SP. Está fundamentada na Análise Critica do Discurso, com vertente sociocognitiva e na Linguística Textual-Discursiva. Tem por tema as formas de representação do feminino em crônicas escritas por Marina Colasanti a partir da interrelação entre as categorias sociedade, cognição e discurso. O objetivo geral é: contribuir com os estudos linguístico-discursivos do gênero feminino no Brasil. São objetivos específicos: 1) Identificar os papéis sociais do gênero feminino em crônicas de Marina Colasanti; 2) Verificar a opinião da cronista frente os valores atribuídos ao feminino, conforme as cognições sociais; 3) Situar a representação do feminino na estrutura argumentativa da opinião da cronista; 4)Tratar das sequências narrativas e a representação do feminino. O procedimento metodológico é teórico-analítico, com análise qualitativa de material documental. Trata-se de uma pesquisa multidisciplinar hierarquizada pelas ciências da cognição. Para bem situar o processo de constituição da dissertação, parte-se das fundamentações teóricas da linguística textual discursiva e da Análise Crítica do Discurso com vertente sociocognitiva. As categorias analíticas são: sociedade, discurso e cognição. O corpus foi constituído por crônicas de Marina Colasanti analisada a partir de temas e sua progressão semântica para a representação dos papéis sociais do feminino na sociedade brasileira. Os resultados obtidos indicam que as representações do feminino em crônicas de Marina Colasanti são paradoxais, pois confrontam as cognições sociais (ideologia machista), com a opinião da cronista (ideologia feminina). Em síntese, esses resultados indicam uma mudança na sociedade brasileira, nas décadas de setenta e oitenta, decorrente do aparecimento da pílula anticoncepcional e da profissionalização da mulher, no Brasil

Coastlines are particularly susceptible to the necessary trade-offs which occur between different ecosystem services. Should the areas be managed for biodiversity or for people? Where sandy beaches are found there is usually a management decision to be made between managing for recreation or for biodiversity. Many popular tourist beaches (particularly those with a Beach Award) are often groomed with mechanical equipment to remove any stranded seaweed and associated litter which can get entangled in the wrack. This is likely to be having a negative impact on coastal biodiversity, with wide ranging implications for the entire habitat, including the intertidal zone, sand dunes and shorebirds. Beached wrack should be allowed to naturally decompose providing a habitat for numerous species of macro-invertebrates. These macro-invertebrate communities not only include many endemic species found exclusively along the strandline but they also provide a very rich source of food for shorebirds. The re-mineralised nutrients resulting from the decomposed macrophytes should then become available to provide a rich source of nutrients to dune, strandline and marine ecosystems populations of the strandline. In previous studies grooming has been shown to have a negative impact on the invertebrates of the strandline and this study reveals that tidal range has an effect on the impacts of grooming with a higher tidal range having a more negative impact on the invertebrates. A study to observe the impacts of grooming on both adult plant and seed bank communities of the sand dunes found that grooming is having a negative impact on these populations. Grooming is predominantly driven by beach managers who aspire to gain Beach Awards in order to attract tourists to their beaches. Using non-market valuation in the form of a stated preference choice experiment and a travel cost model, it was observed that Beach Awards are not valued by beach goers but are instead influenced to visit a particular beach by good bathing water quality, high levels of biodiversity and low levels of litter. It was also shown that stranded seaweed on the beach does not deter visitors. Future management suggestions include attempting to reduce the confusion arising from the presence of multiple beach awards by either removing them altogether or by making their criteria more clear and direct with consistency in their design and designation. Bathing water quality should be completely removed from the Beach Award system and real-time information in the form of electronic signage and a publicly available App should replace it.

O livro Contos de amor rasgados, de Marina Colasanti, foi publicado em 1986, década de consolidação das conquistas do movimento feminista (Pinto, 2003). O feminismo almejava uma mudança de mentalidade, mudança nas práticas sociais e nos discursos sobre a mulher (ibid.). Entretanto, a mulher nos contos é representada de forma peculiar, frustrando as expectativas de uma imagem positiva esperada de uma literatura produzida por uma autora feminista. Este estudo propõe a análise dos contos de Marina Colasanti, destacando algumas questões acerca da representação dos atores sociais em textos-contos que pretendem veicular um discurso de liberação da mulher. Para tanto, dez contos representativos do todo foram selecionados para compor o corpus e utilizou-se o sistema sociossemântico para a representação dos atores sociais proposto por van Leeuwen (1997) e a Linguística Sistêmico Funcional de Halliday (2004) como ferramentas de análise. Nosso enfoque é o da Análise Crítica do Discurso de Fairclough (1995), que tem dedicado seus estudos às mudanças sociais através dos discursos. Consideramos que o movimento feminista se inscreve em algumas mudanças. Nessa perspectiva, Bourdieu (2005) afirma que, apesar do movimento feminista, muito pouco mudou, prevalecendo, ainda, a dominação masculina e a violência simbólica. As categorias de van Leeuwen (op. cit.) da exclusão e inclusão dos atores sociais no discurso servem de instrumental para uma análise mais detalhada das relações homem-mulher, permitindo desvelar algumas questões feministas tematizadas nos contos, questões descritas por Pinto (op. cit.) e apontadas por Bourdieu (op. cit.). Os resultados da análise dos contos demonstram que a mulher ora está totalmente excluída, ora é representada como um pano de fundo (encobrimento), ora é enfraquecida (apassivada) em favor de seu marido/amante. Assim, os conflitos gerados a partir das ações do homem sobre a mulher nos contos confirmam certas preocupações do discurso feminista / The book Contos de amor rasgados, by Marina Colasanti, was published in 1986, a decade of consolidation of all the achievements conquered by the Brazilian feminist movement (Pinto, 2003), which fought for a change in mentality, in social practices e in discourses about the womens conditions (ibid.). In the short stories, however, the woman portrayed is represented in a peculiar way, breaking all expectations of a positive image that a feminist author should bring about. This study is an analysis which focuses on some details about the representation of social actors in short stories that intend to carry the discourse of womens liberation. To do so, we selected ten representative stories from the book and analyzed them in accordance with van Leeuwens sociosemantic system for the representation of social actors (1997) and Hallidays Functional-Systemic Linguistics. Our approach in this study is also based on Faircloughs Critical Discourse Analysis (1995), as he has been dedicating his studies to discourse and social change, of which feminism is an expression of. In this sense, however, Bourdieu (2005) asserts that very little has really changed despite the feminist movement, since mans domination and symbolic violence still prevail. Van Leeuwens categories, such as exclusion and inclusion of social actors in discursive representations, is our tool for a detailed analysis of the relationship between men and women, revealing the feminist questions described by Pinto (op. cit.) and highlighted by Boudieu (op. cit.), which are included in the stories. The results demonstrate that the woman in the stories was sometimes completely excluded, sometimes backgrounded, and some other times made weak by passivation in relation to her partner/husband/boyfriend/lover. The conflicts generated by the actions of men towards women confirm the concerns of the feminist discourse

<p>Denna uppsats undersöker om det kan finnas behov att ändra något i grundutbildningen för att de värnpliktiga i svenska flottan skall vara bättre förberedda för att rekryteras till de marina insatsstyrkorna. Det undersöks också huruvida det finns behov att förändra sättet att rekrytera personal till de marina insatsstyrkorna. För att belysa hur väl systemet fungerar som det ser ut idag har en fallstudie på den svenska marina missionen ML i Libanon år 2006-2007 gjorts. Där presenteras erfarenheter från missionen som sedan analyseras med hjälp av delar av det undervisningsmaterial som används under grundutbildningen, GU.</p><p>Av undersökningen har det framkommit att förändringar kan göras i grundutbildningen för att förbereda de värnpliktiga bättre. Ett exempel på förslag som kommit fram är att i större utsträckning implementera internationella reglementen och tillvägagångssätt under grundutbildningen. Förslag på förändringar som kan göras i sättet att rekrytera har också framkommit. Ett exempel på ett sådant förslag är att vid rekrytering testa individens fysiologiska lämplighet likt det sätt som flygvapnet testar sina blivande flygförare.</p> / <p>Basic training to be recruited to the naval rapid reaction forces.</p><p>This paper examines if there might be a need of change in the basic training so that the conscripts in the Swedish navy will be better prepared to be recruited to the naval rapid reaction forces. It also examines if the way to recruit personnel to the naval rapid reaction forces needs to be changed. To show how well the system, as it is today, works, a case study have been made on the Swedish naval mission, ML, in Lebanon during 2006-2007. It presents experiences from the mission that later has been analyzed with the help of parts of the educational material that is used in the basic training.</p><p>By this research it has emerged that changes could be made in the basic training to better prepare the conscripts. One example of the suggestions that has evolved is that to a greater extent involve international regulations and procedures in the basic training. Suggestions to change the way of recruiting personnel has also evolved and one example of such a suggestion is that the recruiting process could include a test where the person’s physiological suitability is being tested. A test similar to the one the Air force let’s you do before becoming a pilot.</p>

This dissertation contends that The Tempest by William Shakespeare plays a seminal role in the development of postcolonial literature and criticism because it was created in a moment when the colonial system that was now falling apart was just beginning to come into being. Creative writers and critics from the Third World, particularly Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America, and the First found that the moment reflected in The Tempest had something very specific to say to a generation coming of age in the postcolonial world of the 1960s, 1970s, and early 1980s. I establish that a significant discourse that begins in the Nineteenth Century and intensifies in the Twentieth depends on The Tempest to explore the nature of colonialism and to develop an understanding of the postcolonial world. I then examine the role theories of adaptation play in understanding why The Tempest assumes such a crucial role and determine that the most useful model of adaptation resembles the method developed by biblical typologists which “sets two successive historical events [or periods] into a reciprocal relation of anticipation and fulfillment” (Brumm 27). I ague that postcolonial writers and critics found in The Tempest evidence of a history of colonial oppression and resistance often obscured by established historical narratives and a venue to explore their relationship to their past, present, and future. Because my argument rests on the contention that The Tempest was created in a world where colonialism was coming into being, I explore the historical context surrounding the moment of the play’s creation and determine, in spite of the contention of many historians and some literary critics to the contrary, the forces bringing colonialism into being were already at play and were having a profound effect. After briefly illustrating the historical roots of several popular themes in The Tempest that postcolonial writers have embraced, I turn to the work of writers and critics from the Third World and the First to show how The Tempest plays a significant role in postcolonial studies.

This dissertation contends that The Tempest by William Shakespeare plays a seminal role in the development of postcolonial literature and criticism because it was created in a moment when the colonial system that was now falling apart was just beginning to come into being. Creative writers and critics from the Third World, particularly Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America, and the First found that the moment reflected in The Tempest had something very specific to say to a generation coming of age in the postcolonial world of the 1960s, 1970s, and early 1980s. I establish that a significant discourse that begins in the Nineteenth Century and intensifies in the Twentieth depends on The Tempest to explore the nature of colonialism and to develop an understanding of the postcolonial world. I then examine the role theories of adaptation play in understanding why The Tempest assumes such a crucial role and determine that the most useful model of adaptation resembles the method developed by biblical typologists which “sets two successive historical events [or periods] into a reciprocal relation of anticipation and fulfillment” (Brumm 27). I ague that postcolonial writers and critics found in The Tempest evidence of a history of colonial oppression and resistance often obscured by established historical narratives and a venue to explore their relationship to their past, present, and future. Because my argument rests on the contention that The Tempest was created in a world where colonialism was coming into being, I explore the historical context surrounding the moment of the play’s creation and determine, in spite of the contention of many historians and some literary critics to the contrary, the forces bringing colonialism into being were already at play and were having a profound effect. After briefly illustrating the historical roots of several popular themes in The Tempest that postcolonial writers have embraced, I turn to the work of writers and critics from the Third World and the First to show how The Tempest plays a significant role in postcolonial studies.

This thesis presents diverse theoretical and practical applications of the ERS 1/2 and RADARSAT satellite images of the Synthetic Aperture Radar SAR sensor (near 330 images in the Northwest Mediterranean NWM and 980 in European coastal waters) Other types of satellite images were used to study the marine pollution and dynamics studies of the NWM and other European areas. Principal source of information constitutes a collection of the SAR images obtained on periodic form during the 1996-1998 years generally by the Clean Seas European project, also by the Oil Watch and the ERS-1/2 SAR Exploitation Study in Catalonia projects. The geographical area of interest includes the NWM maritime zone: Balearic Islands - Ebro Delta - Cap of Creus - Gulf of Leon - Marseilles - Balearic Islands. During the presents studies there we elaborated a thematic collection of the SAR (full and detailed fragments) images of the almost 300 oil spills and of the 42 coastal plumes detected in the NWM in the period 1996-1998 also thematic maps and the statistical analysis of their topologic characteristics and of their temporary/spatial occurrences were elaborated. The area of the all accidental spills and plumes that took place in the period 1996-1998 in the NWM was also estimated (the diameter is 146 km and it oil mass is 4.477 Tm), we made a comparative analysis of the results of the Clean Seas project from different zones of studies (NWM, North Sea, Baltic Sea) and the statistical analysis of the occurrence of disasters involving oil spills in European waters in base of the results of the present work and of the historical information of the past 34 years, relating them to Zipf's law. The general conclusion is that the small habitual oil spills play a significant role in the overall marine pollution due to its very frequent occurrence.In the area of study of the dynamics of the NWM we present the results of the topologic and spatial analysis of the vortices detected by the satellite sensors, the thematic maps, the comparison with the laboratory experiments, the quantitative analysis of the particularities of tide in different points of the NWM, the examples of the application of the multifractal analysis and also a practical method proposed in order to distinguish the sea surface structures of different origins.The obtained results have allowed to obtain a general and statistically justified vision of the level of the marine pollution of the NWM, as well as in other European maritime zones. It was also possible to obtain quantitative information on the complex superficial dynamics of the NWM, which can be useful to quantify the capacity of surface diffusion of the ocean. / PER NAVEGAR ENTRE ELS FITXERS D'AQUESTA TESI PARTIU DEL FITXER: inicio.pdfPARA NAVEGAR ENTRE LOS FICHEROS DE ÉSTA TESIS PARTIR DEL FICHERO: inicio.pdfTHE FIRST FILE IS inicio.pdf