Las alteraciones en los espacios público y privado alrededor de un estadio metropolitano son producto de las dinámicas del estadio, las desventajas producidas por la gran cantidad de gente que llega al estadio, y la inseguridad generada por las “barras bravas”. El análisis de las alteraciones en el uso del espacio público alrededor del estadio Alejandro Villanueva se realizó en tres momentos: un día normal sin evento deportivo, un día con evento deportivo y un día con evento deportivo de alto riesgo. Para ello, se delimitó una zona que comprende un tramo del Jr. Abtao y la Av. Isabel La Católica, vías principales de acceso a los ingresos del estadio. Estas alteraciones fueron analizadas también en tres aspectos: en cuanto al espacio público, la actividad comercial y la propiedad privada. Se constató que las dinámicas del estadio Alejandro Villanueva, sumadas a la inseguridad generada por las barras bravas, alteran negativamente su entorno urbano, en mayor grado en eventos deportivos de alto riesgo. Esta situación afecta el uso del espacio público, por el volumen de hinchas que ocupan las calles, la inseguridad y el cierre de las mismas; la actividad comercial, por el cierre de los locales a causa de la inseguridad; y la propiedad privada, por la presencia de actos vandálicos. Se ven afectados los propios habitantes del lugar, asi como quienes asisten a ver a algún evento deportivo.

The developemnt of fisheries in Lake Victoria is faced with a myriad challenges including overfishing, environmental destruction, disappearance of certain indigenous species and pollution. All these problems can be located within the social, economic and political systems that exists today and in the past. This thesis, ‘Fishers and Fish Traders of Lake Victoria : Colonial Policy and the Development of Fish Production in Kenya, 1880-1978’, argues that the Luo fishers had their own indigenous techniques of fishing, modes of preservation and systems of management that ensured sustainable utilisation of fisheries. The thesis examines the role of the Luo fishers in the sustainable usage of the Lake Victoria fisheries. The British colonial settlers came up with new policies of plantation and commercial farming, taxation and forced labour, all of which encouraged the Luo fishers to partially break with their pre-colonial systems and create new ways of responding to the demands of the colonial state. The study argues that the coming of colonialism and its attendant capitalism introduced new fishing gear as well as new species, such as mbuta, that were inimical to the sustainable utilisation of the Lake Victoria fisheries. The colonial regime also introduced new practices of fisheries management such as scouts, licensing, closed seasons and the numbering of boats, practices geared towards ensuring the commercial production and development of the fisheries. This commercialisation led to cut-throat competition between Asian, European and African fish traders. The coming of independence in 1963 brought some changes, such as the provision of credit facilities, new technology, and attempts by the new African government to more effectively control and manage the fisheries. However, not much changed in terms of policy objectives, and most of the colonial policies remained unchanged. New industries were established around the fisheries, but most remained in the hands of Asians and a few African middlemen. The small-scale fishers continued to struggle against the commercialisation of fishery production, remaining voiceless and marginalised. The study recommends an all inclusive participatory approach to solve the problems currently affecting the Lake Victoria fisheries. / History / DLITT (History)

The world is home to predominantly urbanized populations that continue to grow. In an increasingly urbanized world, cities suffer from various challenges, including urban poverty and food insecurity, which result in unsustainability, health concerns, and crime increase. Many reasons affect urban poverty, including controversial government policies, an imbalance between existing resources and demands, and inefficient urban management and planning. Integrating urban agriculture (UA) into development policies can alleviate urban poverty and food insecurity in cities. Therefore, a line of research seems necessary to gain a better understanding of various ways to boost food production and improve sustainability in cities. To this end, the present study attempts to investigate the role of urban planning and governance in community gardens in Victoria to examine how urban planning and governance can support food production. A qualitative research method with semi-structured interviews and community mapping workshops were used within three groups of governmental, non-governmental, and residential actors in Victoria, Canada. Eighteen participants were interviewed, and eight participants took part in workshops held in the James Bay and Fernwood neighbourhoods. The three proposed research questions in this study were analyzed by thematic analysis using NVivo 10 software. The findings revealed that nine themes should be considered to improve food production in Victoria. The themes include improving UA economic efficiency, increasing awareness, gaining community satisfaction, effective landuse policies, productive partnership, improving the long bureaucratic procedure, offering grants, providing resources and facilities for gardeners, and changes in existing zoning bylaws. In addition, the findings of the workshops show that the City of Victoria plays the most crucial role in UA projects. Study results reveal that the compost education center, residents, and community centres should create an active partnership with the City towards improving community gardens. / Graduate

This study examines the impact of Queen Victoria's political and diplomatic power on the marriages of her five daughters. Queen Victoria's influence on her daughters' marriages highlights her enduring behind the scenes power despite some claims to the contrary. Unlike the sons’ marriages, where considerable outside political influences brought to bear, the daughters’ marriages were almost solely influenced by Victoria. Examining the Queen's five daughters offers an alternate view of her motherhood while simultaneously exploring the diverse gender dynamics between her and her daughters.

La présence de plusieurs populations génétiquement différenciées et présentant des caractéristiques phénotypiques différentes, nommée biocomplexité, peut avoir un impact positif sur les activités de prélèvements telles les pêcheries. Récemment, il a été établi avec des données télémétriques et génomiques que l'omble chevalier anadrome (Salvelinus alpinus) dans le sud de l'île Victoria au Nunavut serait généralement fidèle à sa rivière natale. L'objectif principal du présent projet est d'établir le potentiel d'une biocomplexité à plus fine échelle, c'est-à-dire, entre des lacs composant le bassin versant de la rivière Ekalluk près de Cambridge Bay (Nunavut, Canada). L'omble chevalier anadrome est d'une grande importance pour les communautés inuites via la pêche de subsistance ainsi que pour leur économie grâce aux pêches sportives et commerciales. Cette dernière supporte, dans la rivière Ekalluk, le plus important quota de pêche de l'espèce au Canada. Le projet est ainsi divisé en trois sous-objectifs: (1) vérifier la présence de différenciation génétique entre les individus de différentes frayères; (2) rechercher des marqueurs possiblement sous sélection dont la présence signifierait une potentielle présence d'adaptation locale et (3) valider la présence de philopatrie par télémétrie. Les données génomiques (génotypage par séquençage, 14 617 marqueurs du polymorphisme nucléotidique simple (SNP)) obtenues pour des ombles de cinq lacs différents ont révélé une structure de population faible, mais significative (F[indice ST] par paire moyen = 0,013). Les tests d'assignation populationnelle ont révélé qu'il était possible de développer un outil permettant d'identifier la provenance des individus capturés dans les pêcheries commerciales lorsque la plupart des populations présentes dans le bassin versant seraient connues (moyenne globale de 91,55% de taux de réussite). De plus, nous avons identifié certaines régions génomiques susceptibles d'être sous sélection, indiquant ainsi la présence possible d'adaptation locale à l'intérieur d'un bassin versant. Enfin, les données de télémétrie acoustique obtenues à partir de 82 poissons marqués provenant de quatre lacs différents indiquaient une grande variabilité dans les déplacements individuels entre les habitats utilisés pour l'alimentation, la fraie et l'hivernage. La structure de la population au sein d'un bassin versant est courante chez les salmonidés, mais elle n'avait jamais été observée chez l'omble chevalier anadrome. Cette étude aura ainsi permis de jumeler à nouveau les outils de télémétrie acoustique et de génomique pour l'étude de l'omble chevalier anadrome dans l'optique de guider la gestion des pêches de ce salmonidé. / The presence of several genetically differentiated populations with different phenotypic characteristics, termed biocomplexity, can have a positive impact on the profitability and sustainability of fisheries. Recently, acoustic telemetry and genomic data provided evidence that anadromous Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus) on southern Victoria Island, Nunavut, generally home to natal rivers for spawning yet the prevalence of intra-system philopatry remains unclear. The main objective of this study was to assess the potential for finer-scale homing that is, to specific spawning locations within the Ekalluk River watershed which supports the largest active commercial quota for Arctic Char in Canada. More specifically, using genomic approaches, the project aimed to: (1) test for the presence of significant genomic differentiation among spawning stocks within the watershed; (2)look for highly differentiated markers which may suggest the potential for local adaptation; and (3) validate the presence of philopatry to spawning locations using acoustic telemetry. Genomic data (genotyping by sequencing, 14,617 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) markers) for Arctic Char from five different lakes revealed weak but significant population structure (mean pairwise F[indice ST] = 0.013). Population assignment success was generally high assigning individuals to their capture location (overall mean of 91.55% success rate) indicating that the development of a mixed-stock fishery genomic-derived tool is possible (assuming all possible locations of origin are sampled). We also identified highly differentiated genomic regions that could potentially be under selection, thus indicating the possibility of within-watershed local adaptation - a hypothesis that would require more data to test appropriately. Finally, the acoustic telemetry data obtained from 82 tagged fish from four different locations indicated great variability in individual movements among the habitats used for foraging, spawning and overwintering, indicating that, while homing is likely, inter-individual and inter-annual variability in migratory behaviour are high. Within-watershed population structure is common in salmonids, but had never been observed in Arctic Char. Our results suggest the presence of biocomplexity within the Ekalluk River watershed, something that future work documenting possible ecological differences among stocks could establish with more confidence.

No description available.

No description available.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo o estudo comparativo entre três textos de memórias de infância: dois argentinos, El archipiélago, de Victoria Ocampo (1979) e Cuadernos de infancia, de Norah Lange (1937), e outro brasileiro: Infância de Graciliano Ramos (1945). A análise sobre a configuração das narrativas nestes livros indaga como a recuperação do espaço delineia a reconstrução do passado com enfoque nas temáticas comuns às memórias de infância escola, família, nascimento e morte e os questionamentos das crianças e adultos sobre estes assuntos. / This work aims to a comparative study among three texts of childhood memories: two Argentinians, El Archipiélago (1979), from Victoria Ocampo and Cuadernos de infancia (1937), from Norah Lange and another Brazilian: Infância (1945), from Graciliano Ramos. The analysis of the narrative configuration in these books ask the space recovery outlines the reconstruction of the past with a focus on the common themes of the childhood memories - school, family, birth and death - and the questioning of children and adults about these issues.

El propósito de esta tesis es estudiar las condiciones de trabajo en Gamarra ─el emporio comercial y productivo de ropa más importante de Lima y del Perú y el caso más emblemático de informalidad en el empleo─ distinguiendo tipos de trabajadores a partir de la noción de informalidad precaria. Se trata de un estudio de micropolítica a partir de la informalidad precaria, que se hace visible en las historias de vida y el uso del tiempo y el espacio, que a su vez genera desarraigo y dispersión, situación que impide o imposibilita su conformación como sujetos políticos. La tesis expondrá el proceso de captura de la informalidad, la cual se da a través de tres grandes periodos. Primero, la informalidad funciona como el “desborde popular” de Matos Mar, que se escapaba de las manos del Estado. Durante la década de 1990 ─ya en un segundo periodo─ tuvo lugar lo que sociólogos como Danilo Martuccelli han denominado “proyecto regulatorio”. Es decir, el Estado comenzó a tomar las riendas e inició un proceso de captura de la informalidad. Y la captura de la informalidad ─el tercer periodo─ es ya el proceso de consolidación de ese “proyecto regulatorio”. En esta tesis se sostiene que hoy la informalidad y sus expresiones laborales —resultado de esta captura— ya no representan más una transgresión al proyecto del Estado neoliberal, sino que guarda cierta funcionalidad. ¿Cómo le es funcional? La informalidad precaria crea un tipo de experiencia del tiempo y el espacio que produce despolitización en los trabajadores, lo cual es funcional porque ─entre otra razones─ contiene políticamente a la pobreza urbana. Se sostiene que ahí donde se suele ver incapacidad administrativa del Estado respecto del empleo informal, aquí se expresa como eficiencia política y de dominación por parte del Estado y del modelo económico que defiende / The purpose of this thesis is to study the working conditions in Gamarra ─the most important commercial and productive clothing emporium in Lima and Peru and the most emblematic case of informality in employment─ distinguishing types of workers from the notion of informality precarious It is a micropolitics study based on precarious informality, which becomes visible in the life stories and the use of time and space, which in turn generates uprooting and dispersion, a situation that prevents or prevents their conformation as subjects politicians. The thesis will expose the process of capture of informality, which occurs through three major periods. First, informality functions as 8 the "popular overflow" of Matos Mar, who escaped from the hands of the State. During the 1990s, in a second period, what sociologists such as Danilo Martuccelli called "the regulatory project" took place. That is to say, the State began to take the reins and began a process of capturing informality. And the capture of informality - the third period - is already the consolidation process of that "regulatory project". In this thesis, it is argued that today informality and its labor expressions -result of this capture- no longer represent a transgression of the neoliberal State project, but that it retains a certain functionality. How is it functional? Precarious informality creates a type of experience of time and space that produces depoliticization in workers, which is functional because, among other reasons, it politically contains urban poverty. It is argued that where the State's administrative incapacity is usually seen with respect to informal employment, it is expressed here as political efficiency and domination by the State and the economic model it defends / Tesis

El Índice de Progreso Social (IPS) mide el nivel de desarrollo social de una determinada población con el propósito de mejorar el nivel y calidad de vida de sus habitantes. El objetivo principal de la presente investigación consiste en elaborar un índice que compare las tres dimensiones del progreso social para el distrito de La Victoria en el 2017 y que permita medir y determinar el nivel de desarrollo del distrito. La metodología de la investigación siguió las pautas de la investigación exploratoria. Por lo tanto, se distingue como cuantitativa, no experimental y transaccional con alcance descriptivo. Asimismo, la elaboración del IPS se construyó bajo la metodología del Social Progress Imperative. Para ello, se utilizó un instrumento (cuestionario) con el objetivo de recolectar los datos obtenidos de las encuestas realizadas a los jefes de hogar de cada familia del distrito de una muestra determinada para proceder con el levantamiento de información y análisis estadístico. Los resultados se presentaron de acuerdo con las dimensiones, los componentes y cada una de las ocho zonas del distrito que se determinaron para la presente investigación. Se ha demostrado que las principales fortalezas del distrito se encuentran en la dimensión de Necesidades Humanas Básicas, principalmente en los componentes de agua potable y saneamiento, y vivienda y servicios públicos; en tanto que en la dimensión de Oportunidades, en tolerancia e inclusión. Por otro lado, sus debilidades también se encuentran en la dimensión de Necesidades Humanas Básicas, específicamente en el componente de seguridad personal; en la dimensión de Oportunidades, en acceso a educación superior; y en la dimensión de Fundamentos del Bienestar, en sostenibilidad ambiental. De manera general, presenta un nivel de progreso social calificado medio bajo, dentro de las cuales la zona C2 tiene una calificación de bajo. / The Social Progress Index measures the level of social development of a given population with the purpose of improving the level and quality of life of the people who live in it. The main objective of this research is to develop the Index that compares the three pillars of social progress for the District of La Victoria 2017 and that allows to measure and determine the level and / or state of the development progress of the district. The methodology of the research developed was according to the guidelines of the exploratory research, and, therefore, is quantitative, not experimental transactional with descriptive scope. Likewise, the preparation of the Social Progress Index (IPS) was developed using the Social Progress Imperative of Social Progress Index methodology. An instrument was used for this purpose, which was a questionnaire with the objective of collecting data obtained from the surveys carried out on the household heads of each family in the La Victoria district of a given sample in order to proceed with the gathering of information and making a statistical analysis. The results were shown by dimensions, by components and by each of the eight zones of the district that were determined for the present investigation, identifying that the main strengths of the district are in the dimensions of Basic Human Needs mainly in the components of drinking water and sanitation, housing and public services, as well as tolerance and inclusion in the Opportunities dimension. On the other hand, its weaknesses are in the Human Basic Needs dimension, specifically on the personal security compounds. Furthermore, in the Opportunities dimension, in superior education access, as well as in Fundamentals of Wellbeing, principally in environmental sustainability. To sum up, its presents an medium low level of qualified social progress, within those one zones (C2) have a low rating. / Tesis