The purpose or this paper is to make the willows of Utah end especially Utah County familiar to persons of moderate taxonomic skill. The Willow Family has become somewhat neglected by classes in taxonomy and the botanist in general because of not having a key -- except in one or two cases, that takes into consideration characters other than the fruits or capsules. To identify a willow in late summer is almost impossible by the beginning botanist, because few, if any, flowers, fruits and capsules can be found. In this paper external cheracters will be considered in descriptions. It must be understood that ecological factors play a great role in such characters as shape of leaf, hairiness of leaf, size of stipules, when present length of petiole and bloom. To study willows by geometrical descriptions is not altogether satisfactory, although it has its values. This method will be used to some extent in descriptions of species.

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Art reaches to our souls through the doorways of our senses. Architecture. as a form of the arts. can offer the opportunity to explore the realm of expression through an idea or intuition about perception; perception that develops at many levels and through all means of sensing what exists in the world. To discover architecture is to understand an offering of "place" as perceived through feelings of closure and openness and spatial relation and movement and many other ideas related to both architectural expression and the human experience. The realization that the success or failure of architecture lies not in the construction itself. but in how the texture of a wall gives a feeling of solidity. or the way a shadow compresses and encloses a space. or how the sound of wind blowing through a passage expresses the motion embedded in the walkway itself. is critical to the making of architecture that touches the soul. In this way. architecture is sculpture. it is poetry. it is music. it is language. and all of these are architecture. Considering the tools of light. sound. path and place and how the mind interacts with these conditions establishes the beginnings for a foundation of architectural thought. / Master of Architecture

No / Two force fields, the GROMOS53A5/53A6 (united atom) and the AMBER95 (all atom) parameter sets, coupled with partial atomic charges derived from quantum mechanical calculations were evaluated for their ability to reproduce the known crystalline forms of the polyols mannitol and sorbitol. The force fields were evaluated using molecular dynamics simulations at 10 K (which is akin to potential energy minimization) with the simulation cell lengths and angles free to evolve. Both force fields performed relatively poorly, not being able to simultaneously reproduce all of the crystal structures within a 5% deviation level. The parameter sets were then systematically optimized using sensitivity analysis, and a revised AMBER95 set was found to reproduce the crystal structures with less than 5% deviation from experiment. The stability of the various crystalline forms for each of the parameter sets (original and revised) was then assessed in extended MD simulations at 298 K and 1 bar covering 1 ns simulation time. The AMBER95 parameter sets (original and revised) were found to be effective in reproducing the crystal structures in these more stringent tests. Remarkably, the performance of the original AMBER95 parameter set was found to be slightly better than that of the revised set in these simulations at 298 K. The results of this study suggest that, whenever feasible, one should include molecular simulations at elevated temperatures when optimizing parameters.