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A eficácia do acesso à justiça e a reconstrução institucional em regiões pós-conflito: contribuição ao marco teórico da reconstrução de sistemas de justiça / Lefficacité du droit daccès à la justice et la reconstruction institutionnelle: contribution à le cadre théorique de reconstruction des systhème de justiceBeltrame, Priscila Akemi 02 June 2011 (has links)
O trabalho apresenta o problema da dificuldade do acesso à justiça no contexto de reconstrução institucional pós-conflito. A preocupação inicial está voltada para a análise das práticas internacionais de reconstrução de sistemas de justiça, tradicionalmente habituadas à prática de exportação de modelos, o que na maioria das vezes contribui para o fracasso de iniciativa da comunidade internacional, principalmente da ONU. Procura-se, por meio de estudo interdisciplinar, abordar a teoria do acesso à justiça e identificar os traços essenciais da formação dos novos sistemas de justiça. Em seguida, pretende-se desenvolver uma reflexão crítica sobre as falhas dos modelos de justiça. Partindo do enunciado de algumas hipóteses de caráter axiológico-normativo relativas à organização dos sistemas de justiça, procura-se avaliar a robustez de tais premissas, inclusive pela análise do contexto pós-conflito de dois países, Timor Leste e Afeganistão, com matrizes jurídicas distintas, mas que fazem bastante uso do sistema tradicional de resolução de conflito. Nesse contexto, avalia-se fragilidade de trabalhar-se exclusivamente com os modelos estatais de justiça quando formas alternativas de solução de conflito podem melhor representar os interesses e valores. A última parte do trabalho, de caráter integrativo, pretende fazer a união de perspectivas modernas sobre o acesso à justiça, tratados no capítulo 1º, nos contextos estudados no capítulo 2º, tendo, por isso, três orientações principais: enfocar o tema dos direitos humanos e dos direitos fundamentais no contexto pós-conflito, abordar as contribuições havidas com os mecanismos de justiça de transição, refletir sobre a ortodoxia da prática para um estado de direito com base na perspectiva do empoderamento jurídico. Pretende-se, por fim, sugerir a adoção de mecanismos alternativos de resolução de conflitos no escopo da redefinição dos sistemas jurídicos pós-conflito como elemento de garantia de eficácia do acesso à justiça / Le travail expose le problème de la difficulté de laccès à la justice dans le contexte de la reconstruction institutionnelle post-conflit. Lorientation initiale est lanalyse des pratiques internationales de reconstruction des systèmes de justice qui repose traditionnellement sur la pratique dexportation de modèles laquelle contribue la plupart du temps à léchec des initiatives de la communauté internationale, principalement de lONU. Par le biais dune étude interdisciplinaire, nous cherchons à aborder la théorie daccès à la justice et à identifier les traits essentiels de la formation de nouveaux systèmes de justice. Ensuite, nous développons une réflexion critique sur les failles des modèles de justice. A partir de lénoncé de certaines hypothèses à caractère axiologico-normatif concernant lorganisation des systèmes de justice, nous cherchons à valider la robustesse de telles hypothèses y compris par lanalyse du contexte post-conflit de deux pays, le Timor Oriental et lAfghanistan, aux systèmes juridiques différents, mais qui utilisent intensément le système traditionnel de résolution de conflit. Dans ce contexte, nous évaluons la fragilité de travailler exclusivement sur des modèles étatiques de justice quand des formes alternatives de solution de conflit peuvent représenter plus efficacement les intérêts et les valeurs. La dernière partie du travail, à caractère intégratif, prétend allier les perspectives modernes daccès de la justice, traitées au premier chapitre, au contexte étudié au chapitre 2, avec de ce fait trois orientations principales: se concentrer sur le thème des droits humains et des droits fondamentaux du contexte post-conflit, aborder les contributions existantes aux mécanismes de justice de transition, réfléchir sur lorthodoxie de cette pratique pour un état de droit ayant pour base la perspective dautonomisation juridique. Enfin, nous suggérons ladoption des mécanismes alternatifs pour la résolution de conflit afin de redéfinir les systèmes juridiques post-conflit comme un élément de garantie de lefficacité à laccès de la justice.
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Minding the gap. Filling the public security gap in post-war societies.McKay, Terrence Penn January 2010 (has links)
No electronic version of the thesis exists at present. For the print version please use the link above to the University of Bradford Library Catalogue.
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Minding the gap : filling the public security gap in post-war societiesMcKay, Terrence Penn January 2010 (has links)
No description available.
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'Changing times' : war and social transformation in Mid-Western NepalZharkevich, Ina January 2014 (has links)
This thesis is an ethnographic account of social change, triggered by the civil war in Nepal (1996-2006). Based on an ethnographic fieldwork in the village of Thabang, the war-time capital of the Maoist base area, this thesis explores the transformative impact of the conflict on people’s everyday lives and on the constitution of key hierarchies structuring Nepali society. Rather than focusing on violence and fear – the commonly researched themes in warzones – the thesis examines people’s everyday social and embodied practices during the war and its aftermath, arguing that these remain central to our understanding of war-time social processes and the ways in which they shape the contours of post-conflict society. By focusing on mundane practices – such as meat-eating and alcohol-drinking, raising livestock and worshipping gods – the thesis demonstrates how change at the micro-level is illustrative of a profound transformation in the social structures constituting Nepali society. Theoretically, the thesis seeks to understand how the situation of war re-orders society: in this case, how people in the Maoist base area interiorized formerly transgressive norms and practices, and how these practices were normalized in the post-conflict environment. The research revealed that much of the change triggered by the conflict came as a result of the ‘exceptional’ times of war and the necessity to follow ‘rules that apply in times of crisis’. Thus, in adopting transgressive practices during the conflict, people were responding to the expediency of war-time rather than following Maoist war-time policies or ‘propaganda’. Furthermore, while adopting hitherto unimaginable practices and making them into habitual action, people transformed the rigid social structures, without necessarily intending to do so. The thesis puts particular stress on the centrality of unintended consequences in social change, the power of embodied practice in making change real, and the ways in which agency and structure are mutually constitutive.
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