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Les décennies comprises entre le crépuscule du XVIIe siècle et l’aube du siècle des Lumières forment un moment charnière dans l’écriture romanesque parce que le pathétique fait l’objet d’une laïcisation, d’une réhabilitation morale et d’une promotion esthétique qui en font une catégorie majeure de la littérature du Grand Siècle finissant. Cependant, le pathétique, tel qu’il s’exprime dans le roman féminin du XVIIe siècle n’a pas encore fait l’objet d’une étude circonstanciée, et les ouvrages consacrés au genre romanesque de l’époque ne proposent aucune entrée pathétique ou pathos dans l’index des notions traitées.Afin de démontrer le côté dangereux des passions, les écrivaines retenues vont exercer une censure sur le langage verbal qui bride l’exaltation du discours passionnel, actualise la crise du sujet amoureux et signe l’échec de la communication. En réduisant l’espace dialogique où s’exprime le pathos, les nouvellistes parient sur l’éloquence du corps et du langage non verbal. Les signes extralinguistiques envahissent le texte, soutenant à la fois la disposition et l’élocution du roman en en faisant le lieu où s’expérimente une dramaturgie amoureuse qui élit les silences, les regards et les larmes comme les modalités d’une nouvelle stratégie de communication impliquant un travail herméneutique permanent.À travers une analyse attentive des nouvelles de Mme de Lafayette et de Mlle Catherine Bernard, nous essaierons de démontrer que l’évolution de l’écriture romanesque féminine vers plus de sobriété et de concision, constat du reste confirmé par les spécialistes du genre est une évolution qui doit beaucoup à la représentation du pathétique. / The period between 17th century and the early stages of the Enlightenment is a pivotal one in fiction writing. This is not only because the concept of pathos acquired a profane dimension, but also a moral rehabilitation and an aesthetic development that contributed to make of it a major literary trend by the end of 17th century. However, the concept of pathos and the way it was developed in the women narratives of 17th century has hardly been the subject of any thorough readings. Moreover, the studies focusing on the fiction of that period, did not suggest any input to the concepts of pathos or the pathetic in their index table. To avoid the dangerous side of passion, the writers under focus, are proven to incline themselves to verbal linguistic censorship that pins down the exalting dimension of the passionate discourse. This censorship over-emphasizes both the crisis of the love subject and the failure of communication. As an alternative ! to the narrow dialogic space where pathos could have been expressed; women writers relied on the expressiveness of the body and the non-verbal language. Meta-linguistic signs pervade the texts, emphasizing both the dispositio and the elocutio of fiction; creating, thus, a space where love intrigues could be voiced. A space that makes of silences, gazes and tears important modalities of a new communication strategy implying a constant hermeneutical work. A thorough examination of the novels of Mme de Lafayette and Catherine Bernard, allow us to demonstrate that the tendency of women fiction writing towards somberness and pithiness, is a kind of evolution that owes much to the representation of the concept of the pathetic.

Trois traductions italiennes de La Princesse de Clèves réalisées en Italie au XXe siècle par des femmes ayant marqué, à des titres divers, la vie littéraire italienne de leur temps constituent le point de départ de notre analyse : en 1933 celle de Sibilla Aleramo, en 1988 celle de Renata Debenedetti et en 1999 celle de Rosetta Loy. L’évolution du contexte historique et socio-culturel ainsi que le statut différent de ces trois femmes permet d’étudier la variation des contraintes de production et des conditions de réception de ces traductions. Le choix de certains passages de l’ouvrage de Mme de Lafayette consent de mettre en relief les caractéristiques principales de ce texte et de comprendre les problèmes traductifs que cela pose. Ce premier roman moderne de la littérature européenne écrit par une femme et publié anonymement ne cesse en effet d’interroger et d’intriguer les femmes écrivains de nombreux siècles plus tard. Le rapport entre traduction et écriture féminine est alors interrogé. La relation entre les choix traductifs et leur personnalité d’écrivain et d’intellectuelle débouche sur l’étude de leurs ouvrages dont les caractéristiques stylistiques et thématiques récurrentes évoquent la notion de féminin dans l’écriture. / Three Italian translations of The Princess of Cleves, made in Italy in the twentieth century by women who marked in various ways the Italian literary life of their time, are the starting point of our analysis: Sibilla Aleramo’s in 1933, Renata Debenedetti’s in 1988 and then Rosetta Loy’s in 1999. The evolution of the historical and sociocultural context as well as the different status of these three women allow us to study the variation of production constraints and reception conditions of these translations. The choice of some extracts from Madame de Lafayette’s novel consents to highlight the main features of the text and understand the translation problems that this arises. This novel, the first in modern European literature written by a woman and published anonymously, continues to question and fascinate women writers many centuries later. The relationship between women's writing and translation is then questioned. Subsequently, the relationship between translation’s choices and their personality of writers and intellectuals leads to the study of their works whose recurring stylistic and thematic characteristics evoke the notion of “feminine writing”.

Municipalities throughout the country are increasingly seeking out innovative partnerships with the private sector to acquire, operate, and/or maintain public parks. An example of this is found in Lafayette, Louisiana, where Lafayette Consolidated Government recently purchased a 100-acre farm from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, and collaborated with community leaders to form a public-private partnership with a new non-profit, Lafayette Central Park, Inc. This entity is currently undertaking the necessary steps to lease, plan, design, fund, build, operate, and maintain a new community park on the property. This report explores the history of public-private partnerships found within park administration, as well as the myriad legal, organizational, and financial structures in place within those partnerships. The research also highlights potential benefits and drawbacks to these partnerships, found within four case studies in the Southeast, as well as through precedents found in previous research. The four case studies are Audubon Park and City Park in New Orleans, Louisiana, and Memorial Park and Discovery Green in Houston, Texas. The insights, challenges, and best practices found through the examination in this report are used to create a series of recommendations for the fledgling non-profit organization, Lafayette Central Park, for both short-term and long-term success. / text

City parks can improve the quality of life as well as the physical and mental health of its citizens, and they can lead to increases in property values and hence higher property tax revenues. However, parks can also be costly to cities, especially medium-sized cities that lack the necessary access to financing to acquire and maintain city parks. In the case of Lafayette, Louisiana, the city is struggling to acquire the University of Louisiana Horse Farm and incorporate it into its park system. This professional report reviews financing strategies for cities that are seeking to acquire land or open space, and also provides specific recommendations for the Horse Farm. Through this literature review and analysis of the Lafayette case, this professional report contributes to the literature on public financing of land for green space development, a subject of particular importance considering the important role parks play in urban life. / text

Honors Project--Smith College, Northampton, Mass., 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-103)

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The Nashville Civil Rights Movement was one of the most dynamic local movements of the early 1960s, producing the most capable student leaders of the period 1960 to 1965. Despite such a feat, the historical record has largely overlooked this phenomenon. What circumstances allowed Nashville to produce such a dynamic movement whose youth leadership of John Lewis, Diane Nash, Bernard LaFayette, and James Bevel had no parallel? How was this small cadre able to influence movement developments on local and a national level? In order to address these critical research questions, standard historical methods of inquiry will be employed. These include the use of secondary sources, primarily Civil Rights Movement histories and memoirs, scholarly articles, and dissertations and theses. The primary sources used include public lectures, articles from various periodicals, extant interviews, numerous manuscript collections, and a variety of audio and video recordings. No original interviews were conducted because of the availability of extensive high quality interviews. This dissertation will demonstrate that the Nashville Movement evolved out of the formation of independent Black churches and college that over time became the primary sites of resistance to racial discrimination, starting in the Nineteenth Century. By the late 1950s, Nashville’s Black college attracted the students who became the driving force of a local movement that quickly established itself at the forefront of the Civil Rights Movement. Nashville’s forefront status was due to an intentional leadership training program based upon nonviolence. As a result of the training, leaders had a profound impact upon nearly every major movement development up to 1965, including the sit-ins, the Freedom Rides, the March on Washington, the birth of SNCC, the emergence of Black Power, the direction of the SCLC after 1962, the thinking of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., the Birmingham campaign, and the Selma voting rights campaign. In addition, the Nashville activists helped eliminate fear as an obstacle to Black freedom. These activists also revealed new relationship dynamics between students and adults and merged nonviolent direct action with voter registration, a combination considered incompatible.