Este trabalho verificou o tema de segurança de processos no segmento de plataformas de produção de petróleo e gás no mar de forma a propor um modelo de indicadores globais a fim de facilitar a identificação de fragilidades no gerenciamento de riscos de processos da indústria de produção de petróleo e gás natural no mar. O resultado esperado é o fornecimento de dados para a otimização de recursos regulatórios na busca da melhoria da segurança operacional. Para tal, buscando conhecer a postura das empresas no cumprimento da necessidade regulamentar da implementação de um Sistema de Gestão de Segurança de Processos (SGSP), foram identificadas as principais práticas preventivas para a o gerenciamento de riscos. Por conseguinte, mensurou-se o esforço na implementação deste SGSP como correlação direta para a prevenção de acidentes (foco preventivo). Já a análise dos resultados deste gerenciamento de riscos (foco reativo) foi obtido através incidentes operacionais classificados de acordo com sua respectiva importância/impacto, dentro de linhas de corte pré-estabelecidas. Assim, o indicador Global preventivo (IGPRV) e o Indicador Global reativo (IGRTV) foram elaborados agregando diferentes indicadores específicos de cada segmento para simplificar a análise e incluir a articulação de conceitos de segurança de processos à atuação regulatória. Os indicadores globais propostos quantificam conceitos subjetivos e complexos para o estabelecimento de metas e permitem aferir o desempenho das ações e projetos da regulação da indústria. Também permitem a identificação e a disseminação das melhores práticas de gerenciamento de riscos, comparando-as em diferente níveis de gerenciamento. Na análise dos resultados, pôde-se perceber que a utilização dos indicadores globais propostos pode responder com sucesso às necessidades regulatórias identificadas

The occurrence of catastrophic incidents in the process industry leave a marked legacy of resulting in staggering economic and societal losses incurred by the company, the government and the society. The work described herein is a novel approach proposed to help predict and mitigate potential catastrophes from occurring and for understanding the stakes at risk for better risk informed decision making. The methodology includes societal impact as risk measures along with tangible asset damage monetization. Predicting incidents as leading metrics is pivotal to improving plant processes and, for individual and societal safety in the vicinity of the plant (portfolio). From this study it can be concluded that the comprehensive judgments of all the risks and losses should entail the analysis of the overall results of all possible incident scenarios. Value-at-Risk (VaR) is most suitable as an overall measure for many scenarios and for large number of portfolio assets. FN-curves and F$-curves can be correlated and this is very beneficial for understanding the trends of historical incidents in the U.S. chemical process industry. Analyzing historical databases can provide valuable information on the incident occurrences and their consequences as lagging metrics (or lagging indicators) for the mitigation of the portfolio risks. From this study it can be concluded that there is a strong statistical relationship between the different consequence tiers of the safety pyramid and Heinrich‘s safety pyramid is comparable to data mined from the HSEES database. Furthermore, any chemical plant operation is robust only when a strategic balance is struck between optimal plant operations and, maintaining health, safety and sustaining environment. The balance emerges from choosing the best option amidst several conflicting parameters. Strategies for normative decision making should be utilized for making choices under uncertainty. Hence, decision theory is utilized here for laying the framework for choice making of optimum portfolio option among several competing portfolios. For understanding the strategic interactions of the different contributing representative sets that play a key role in determining the most preferred action for optimum production and safety, the concepts of game theory are utilized and framework has been provided as novel application to chemical process industry.

Εξετάζεται η ζήτηση για αγροτικό τουρισμό με τη χρήση ενός οικονομικού-οικονομετρικού μοντέλου. Αναγνωρίζεται η ιδιαίτερη φύση του αγροτικού τουρισμού σαν ένα ετερογενές προϊόν-υπηρεσία, ενώ παράλληλα δίνεται έμφαση στο ρόλο της πληροφόρησης των καταναλωτών και στην πόιότητα της ταξιδιωτικής εμπειρίας. Επίσης, αναλύεται η σημασία των τοπικών προϊόντων διατροφής, ως μέρος της ταξιδιωτικής εμπειρίας σε μια περιοχή. Με βάση τα αποτελέσματα προτείνονται βασικοί άξονες για την ανάπτυξη του αγροτικού τουρισμού, ως βασικού μοχλού για την τοπική και περιφερειακή ανάπτυξη σε μειονεκτικές περιοχές. / The demand for rural tourism is analysed using a proper economic and econometric model. Rural tourism is conceptualised as a heterogeneous product-service, while at the same time analysis focus on the role of consumers.

Thesis "Foreign exchange exposure and currency risk" deals with managing foreign currency exposure and foreign exchange risks when doing business in The Czech Republic. It defines foreign exchange risk, different types of foreign exchange exposures and the possibility of its ensuring, as well as internal and external methods of reducing foreign exchange exposure and foreign exchange risk. The practical part is devoted to a particular solution, respectively to the management of foreign exchange exposure and foreign currency risk in ABC, s.r.o. company.

Este trabalho verificou o tema de segurança de processos no segmento de plataformas de produção de petróleo e gás no mar de forma a propor um modelo de indicadores globais a fim de facilitar a identificação de fragilidades no gerenciamento de riscos de processos da indústria de produção de petróleo e gás natural no mar. O resultado esperado é o fornecimento de dados para a otimização de recursos regulatórios na busca da melhoria da segurança operacional. Para tal, buscando conhecer a postura das empresas no cumprimento da necessidade regulamentar da implementação de um Sistema de Gestão de Segurança de Processos (SGSP), foram identificadas as principais práticas preventivas para a o gerenciamento de riscos. Por conseguinte, mensurou-se o esforço na implementação deste SGSP como correlação direta para a prevenção de acidentes (foco preventivo). Já a análise dos resultados deste gerenciamento de riscos (foco reativo) foi obtido através incidentes operacionais classificados de acordo com sua respectiva importância/impacto, dentro de linhas de corte pré-estabelecidas. Assim, o indicador Global preventivo (IGPRV) e o Indicador Global reativo (IGRTV) foram elaborados agregando diferentes indicadores específicos de cada segmento para simplificar a análise e incluir a articulação de conceitos de segurança de processos à atuação regulatória. Os indicadores globais propostos quantificam conceitos subjetivos e complexos para o estabelecimento de metas e permitem aferir o desempenho das ações e projetos da regulação da indústria. Também permitem a identificação e a disseminação das melhores práticas de gerenciamento de riscos, comparando-as em diferente níveis de gerenciamento. Na análise dos resultados, pôde-se perceber que a utilização dos indicadores globais propostos pode responder com sucesso às necessidades regulatórias identificadas

S'il est acquis depuis de nombreuses années que la gestion de la Santé-sécurité au travail (SST) s'effectue par le biais de Systèmes de Management (SMS), la question de la mesure de la performance et du pilotage de ces derniers reste d'actualité. Traditionnellement, la mesure de la performance de ces SMS est fondée sur l'utilisation d'indicateurs de résultats : fréquence et gravité des arrêts de travail et des maladies professionnelles. Ce type d'indicateurs « traditionnels » « a posteriori » présente plusieurs contraintes et limites. Ils sont construits à partir de résultats antérieurs et ne permettent pas, entre autre, de corriger les situations déviantes jamais survenues auparavant. Une transposition du concept de Tableau de Bord « prospectif » appliqué au domaine de la gestion de la SST permet de répondre en partie aux lacunes identifiées avec l'utilisation des seuls indicateurs SST « traditionnels » Un cas pratique de Tableau de Bord « prospectif » en SST appliqué à deux principaux processus de gestion de la Santé-Sécurité (maîtrise des conformités réglementaires et des risques professionnels) est décrit dans le cadre d'une expérimentation conduite avec entreprise du domaine de l'aéronautique. / While it has been established for many years that the management of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is carried out by means of Management Systems, the question of how to measure the performance and the control of these systems is still current. Traditionally, the performance indicators used to measure the performance of Management Systems are: the frequency and severity of absences due to sickness, and work-related diseases. These traditional, retrospective indicators have several constraints and limitations which include the fact that they are based on historical results and cannot be used proactively to handle anomalous situations. The use of the concept of the Balanced Scorecard applied to the field of OHS management responds in part to deficiencies identified in the sole use of traditional OHS indicators. A case study of the OHS Balanced Scorecard applied to two key health and safety management processes (regulatory compliance and risk management) is described as part of an experiment with a company in the aerospace sector.

MSc (Statistics) / Department of Statistics / See the attached abstract below

The nematode Auanema rhodensis has recently been established as a new model organism. A. rhodensis is characterized by the simultaneous existence of three phenotypical sexes (males, females and hermaphrodites; called trioecy), skewed sex ratios which do not follow Mendel's laws, and variant segregation patterns according to sex and type of gametogenesis. Recently, A. rhodensis has been used to study the possible mechanisms for sex determination in three-sexed species and the variability of basic processes during sexual reproduction including meiotic divisions. During male meiosis, a diploid primary spermatocyte undergoes two consecutive divisions to form four haploid spermatids. Surprisingly, male meiosis in A. rhodensis results in two functional and two nonfunctional spermatids depending on the presence of an X-chromatid. A. rhodensis males exhibit a set of paired autosomes and one single X-chromosome, like males of the wellestablished nematode model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. In contrast to C. elegans, however, the X-chromosome in A. rhodensis divides precociously into its sister chromatids during the first meiotic division followed by a lagging X-chromatid and its uneven distribution during meiosis II. Additionally, the second meiotic divi-sion within this species is characterized by an asymmetric organelle distribution and a spindle structure reminiscent of a monopolar spindle. In this study, serial section electron tomography was used to analyse the ultrastructure of the microtubule skeleton in spermatocytes of A. rhodensis. The analysis of spermiogenesis using electron tomography posed some key advantages compared to standard transmission electron microscopy. First, the microtubule (MT) network could be studied in detail including spindle formation, organization of spindle poles, rearrangement of MTs, and inter-action between MTs and chromosomes. Second, the number and shape of chromosomes could be visualized. And third, the morphology of organelles could be observed at high resolution, and different organelles as well as their distribution pattern could be distinguished and quantified. This study provides highresolution 3D information about male meiosis in A. rhodensis. The results of this thesis confirm the complexity of the male meiotic program and the promi-nent position of the X-chromatid in meiosis II in this organism. Like previous light microscopic studies, electron tomography supports the hypothesis of an X-chromatid-dependent distribution of cellular organelles such as fibrousbody membranousorganelles (FB-MOs) and mitochondria. Furthermore, the formation of an asymmetric spindle could be observed with progressing anaphase II and might be associated with the X-chromatid distribution. Additionally, the analysis of the number of chromosome-associating MTs and their association character gives new insights into possible chromosome segregation mechanisms. Finally, significant differences to the male meiotic program in C. elegans have been identified. For the first time, the MT network in A rhodensis spermatocytes of different division stages has been observed in detail, and several different analyses could be done, including an analysis of the length distribution of MTs in the spindles. Because this ultrastructural analysis is based on fixed samples, live-cell imaging should be performed in the future to gain further information on the chromosome dynamics in this species. / Der Fadenwurm Auanema rhodensis hat sich in den letzten Jahren mehr und mehr zu einem neuen Modellorganismus entwickelt. Typisch für A. rhodensis ist das zeitgleiche Vor-kommen dreier phänotypischer Geschlechter (Männchen, Weibchen und Hermaphroditen; die sogenannte Triözie) und deren zahlenmäßig ungleiches Verhältnis zueinander, welches sich nicht durch Mendelsche Regeln erklären lässt. Ebenfalls auffällig sind nach Geschlecht und Gametogenese (Oogenese oder Spermatogenese) abweichende chromosomale Segregationsmuster. Unlängst hat A. rhodensis zu Erkenntnissen über die Geschlechtsdeterminierung in dreigeschlechtlichen Arten und die Varianz grundlegender Prozesse in der Meiose beigetragen. Während der männlichen Meiose (Spermatogenese) teilt sich eine diploide primäre Vorläuferzelle (primäre Spermatozyte) in zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Teilungen in insgesamt vier haploide Spermatiden. Bei A. rhodensis führt die Spermatogenese ungewöhnlicher-weise zu zwei funktionalen und zwei nicht-funktionalen Spermatiden, wobei die Funktionsfähigkeit vom Auftreten eines X-Chromatids abhängt. Männchen von A. rhodensis besitzen, ähnlich wie im Modellorganismus Caenorhabditis elegans, eine Reihe gepaarter Autosomen sowie ein einzelnes X-Chromosom. Im Gegensatz zu C. elegans teilt sich das ungepaarte X-Chromosom in A. rhodensis vorzeitig schon während der ersten meiotischen Teilung in seine Chromatiden, wodurch es zu einer verzögerten und ungleichen Verteilung des X-Chromatids während der zweiten meiotischen Teilung kommt. Diese zweite meiotische Teilung bei A. rhodensis ist außerdem durch eine asymmetrische Verteilung der Organellen und Mikrotubuli gekennzeichnet, letztere ähneln einer monopolaren Spindel. In dieser Arbeit wurde die Methode der seriellen Elektronentomographie genutzt, um die Ultrastruktur der Mikrotubuli in meiotischen Spindeln in Spermatozyten von A. rhodensis zu untersuchen. Zum einen wurden mittels Elektronentomographie das Netzwerk der Mikrotubuli und die Spindelorganisation, die Struktur der Spindelpole sowie die Interaktion zwischen Mikrotubli und Chromosomen drei-dimensional (3D) analysiert. Zum anderen wurde die Form der Chromosomen und die Morphologie und Verteilung der verschiedenen Organellen quantitativ erfasst. Somit stellt diese Studie hochauflösende 3D-Information über den Ablauf der männlichen Meiose in A. rhodensis zur Verfügung und bestätigt damit die Komplexität der männlichen Meiose und die zentrale Rolle des X-Chromatids während der zweiten meiotischen Teilung in diesem Organismus. Basierend auf vorangegangenen lichtmikroskopischen Experimenten an fixierten Proben unterstützt die Elektronentomographie die Hypothese einer vom X-Chromatid abhängigen Verteilung zellulärer Organellen wie spermienspezifischer FB-MOs oder Mitochondrien während der zweiten meiotischen Teilung. Außerdem konnte die Ausbildung einer asymmetrischen Spindel beobachtet werden, welche ebenfalls mit der ungleichen Verteilung des X-Chromatids in Zusammenhang stehen könnte. Eine zusätzliche Analyse chromosomenassoziierter Mikrotubuli brachte erste Erkenntnisse über mögliche zugrundeliegende Mechanismen der Chromosomensegregation. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit konnten mit ähnlichen Untersuchungen in C. elegans verglichen und Unterschiede herausgearbeitet werden. Zum ersten Mal wurden hier meiotische Spindeln unterschiedlicher Teilungsstadien in 3D untersucht und unterschiedliche quantitative Analysen zur Längenverteilung der Mikrotubuli durchgeführt. Da alle hier gewonnenen Ultrastrukturdaten auf fixierten Proben basieren, sollte eine Betrachtung einer transgenen Wurmlinie mit Fluoreszenzmarkern mittels live-cell imaging auf diese Ultrastrukturanalyse folgen.

Graduation theses named "Exchange exposition and exchange risk of production company" is focused on problems of management of exchange position and exchange risk in production company, which is under legislative The Czech Republic. Firstly the theses define basic terms, types of exchange operations, kinds of exchange exposition, internal and external methods of assuring of exchange risk. The practical part is focused on concrete solution of exchange position and ensuring exchange risk in the company Alfa CZ spol. s r. o..

La mesure de la performance est l’une des nombreuses activités de la gestion de projet, elle contribue à assurer le succès du projet. Pour atteindre ce but, les entreprises ont besoin de déterminer un système de mesures de la performance. Ces mesures fournissent au chef de projet l’état de santé du projet et l’aide à évaluer s’il a atteint ou va atteindre ses objectifs. Néanmoins, avec la complexité croissante des projets et la nécessité économique absolue d’atteindre les objectifs, les chefs de projets ne peuvent plus se contenter de superviser les coûts et le planning pour évaluer la performance du projet. Ils ont besoin de considérer par exemple d’autres indicateurs comme la satisfaction des exigences du client, la maturité de la technologie, etc. De plus, ils ont besoin d’avoir une évaluation précise des valeurs de ces indicateurs tout au long du projet et pas uniquement à la fin, pour monitorer au mieux le projet afin qu’il atteigne ses objectifs. Pour satisfaire ces nouveaux besoins, les objectifs de cette thèse sont d’étendre le nombre d’indicateurs génériques et de diversifier le type des indicateurs, ainsi que de proposer une méthode pour concevoir des indicateurs spécifiques à un projet. Pour cela, nous procédons par l’intégration de bonnes pratiques pour la mesure de performance issues de plusieurs domaines de l’ingénierie, et illustrons nos propositions sur des cas pratiques. Ce rapport introduit la notion de performance et caractérise les systèmes de mesure de performance, en mettant notamment en évidence un emploi non cohérent de la terminologie selon les sources. Il identifie plusieurs limitations des systèmes de mesure de performance actuels et souligne notamment le besoin d’étendre le nombre et le type des indicateurs, et de construire des indicateurs de performance spécifiques et pertinents pour chaque projet. Une étude bibliographique sur la mesure de la performance dans les domaines de l’ingénierie, notamment en ingénierie système, montre que la mesure de performance est particulièrement bien développée dans cette dernière discipline, avec une offre de 18 indicateurs génériques avancés permettant une grande proactivité. La thèse propose de ce fait d’adapter ces indicateurs au management de projets, résultant en la définition d’un ensemble d’indicateurs étendu et diversifié pour la mesure de performance. Par ailleurs, l’étude des normes et guides en ingénierie système et logicielle (Practical Software and System Measurement, ISO/IEC 15939) nous amène à identifier d’autres besoins, comme la création dynamique d’indicateurs ad hoc qu’il est nécessaire de définir en cours de projet afin évaluer certains risques spécifiques, et soulève de nouvelles difficultés, comme la collecte et la manipulation des données pour la construction des indicateurs. Pour y répondre, ce rapport propose donc également une méthode guidant la construction dynamique d’indicateurs spécifiques. Celle-ci, illustrée dans le mémoire sur un cas concret de projet, a été validée par un panel d’experts. / Performance measurement is essential to ensure the success of a project. To this goal, companies need to determine a system of performance measures, classically including cost and schedule measures, which provide the project manager with the project health status and help her or him to evaluate the project successes and failures. However, with the increasing complexity of projects and the absolute necessity to reach the project objectives, project managers cannot only rely on such information about cost and schedule to evaluate the project performance; they need to consider, for instance, other indicators such as the satisfaction of customer requirements, the technology maturity, etc. Moreover, they need to have a precise evaluation of these indicators values while the project is in progress, in order to monitor it at best so that it reaches its goals, and not only after the project ends, to only conclude on the project success or failure without any mean to react. Considering these two issues, the objectives of the thesis thus are to extend the number, scope and type of current project performance indicators with a proposal of complementary indicators, and to propose a method for designing project-specific indicators, in order to improve project performance measurement. To define supplementary indicators and elaborate such a method, we proceed by integrating good measurement practices from different engineering disciplines and illustrate our proposal on use cases. The thesis first introduces the notion of performance and characterizes performance measurement systems (PMSs); such systems offer a wide panel of models for organizational performance measurement. Focusing on PMSs, we provide some insights for project performance measurement. More precisely, we identify several issues highlighted in literature, relative to the limitations of current project performance measurement such as the need to balance lagging indicators (to control) with leading indicators (to monitor), and the need to construct performance indicators that are relevant to project-specific information needs. We then focus on project performance measurement and reviews literature in this domain. It highlights the issue of the unbalanced use of leading and lagging indicators. To bring a solution to the issue, we review literature of performance measurement in engineering disciplines, with a focus on systems engineering practices, especially a panel of 18 generic leading indicators that are currently engineered in guidance. A method has been proposed to adapt the set of systems engineering leading indicators to project management, thus resulting in developing the set of indicators to measure project performance. Moreover, focusing on standards and guides on measurement in systems and software engineering led us to identify other issues in project performance measurement, such as the difficulties to define indicators dynamically for a project, and how to collect and combine data in order to construct these indicators. We finally consider the methodological difficulties about designing relevant performance indicators. More precisely, we identify 3 issues: different opinions among researchers about the sources from where the indicators will be derived; the problem in relation to the transformation from data to indicators; and the association of data collection, analysis and report with project management processes. To solve these issues, we analyze good practices from the Practical Software and Systems Measurement, the ISO/IEC 15939 norm and the Project Management Body of Knowledge that proved to be able to address the identified issues respectively. This work results in a method integrating these practices to address the 3 identified issues in project performance measurement. The method is illustrated on a real project context. Evaluation of the method has been conducted in workshop of project managers, which confirmed the interest for the proposal.