Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1972. / Title from title screen (viewed Nov. 15, 2007). Includes bibliographical references. Online version of the print original.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1972. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio State University, 1980. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-49). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1974. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

The vast corpus of works on corruption in Africa focuses almost exclusively on 'grand corruption' and political elites (so-called 'Big Men'), and hardly on 'everyday corruption' and ordinary actors. When everyday corruption appears in the literature, it is frequently explained away as petty and/or normal - something expected and accepted. In this study, I take issue with this predominant narrative, couched in an equally dominant but narrow Weberian notion of corruption. Grounding corruption in the micro-politics of urban public transport in Lagos, Nigeria's commercial capital and Africa's largest city, I argue that ordinary actors detest the corruption that they encounter daily. At the same time, their power(lessness) in the face of its banality compels them to constantly devise tactics to find a way around it or to make it productive for their ends. Structured into six chapters, the study begins by probing the popular imagination, discourse, and spatiality of corruption. It then shows how corruption is embedded in routine socio-economic relations, how it conditions ordinary lives and social livelihoods, and how everyday actors encounter it, exploit it, resist it, or become its victims each day. The study required eight months of ethnographic fieldwork grounded on the routine experiences and lifeworlds of road transport workers in Lagos, Nigeria. My direct experience of the 'surrounds' of these urban actors, the 'junctions' that constitute the spatial hinge of violent extortion and complicity, and routine participation in the omnipresent 'danfos' (commercial minibus-taxis) enabled access to a sense of how this complex system works.

Lagos, Nigeria is a city of rapidly shifting conditions and perpetual crises with issues of over population, pollution, limited circulation, waste management, density, poverty, and social disparity. These conditions have resulted in the proliferation of slum settlements along the coastal edges of the megacity. However, the radical conditions of Lagos promote new solutions for the city. Waste provides the mass for coastal expansion, and defense from sea-rise. Expansion of the coastline provides new territories for the growth of slums. Geometry can maximize efficiency and minimize contamination. P.L.A.T.F.O.R.M., makes use of the processes associated with Lagos waste management and the expansion of the slums, while mitigating the harmful effects of contamination and providing a defensive barrier against sea-level rise.

Increasing urbanisation has increased waste generation. This has led to an increase in waste being left uncollected in certain areas of low-income countries. With the inability of municipal authorities to provide the required collection services, there has been the emergence of private sector initiatives in waste management. Nonetheless, this does not offer a complete solution as waste still adorns many of these streets. This however, provides sources of livelihood for the urban poor, both men and women. They can be found in virtually all cities in low-income countries occupied in collecting, recovering, sorting, and recycling waste materials. Their activity not only creates a means of livelihood for them but also ensures sustainability in solid waste management. In most low-income countries, women still enjoy fewer rights and access to assets and resources than men. Accordingly in Nigeria, women are highly represented in low paid employment. The emphasis in development on issues of equity and inclusion, and women s autonomy and empowerment shows that women still count among the most vulnerable and excluded social groups. This doctoral study examines the issue of women in solid waste livelihoods in Lagos, Nigeria. The focus of the study is to identify gender and other socially-related constraints to participation by men and women in solid waste livelihoods in five Lagos dumpsites. It also analyses how these constraints affect their income levels. The research draws on a feminist approach using mixed methods of participant observation, questionnaire survey and interviews. The fieldwork commenced with identification of waste workers activities on the five dumpsites through participant observation. This was followed by the questionnaire survey which was piloted, refined and administered face to face to 305 dumpsite workers. Findings from the questionnaire survey revealed gender differences amongst waste scavengers, waste buyers and waste merchants according to the following criteria: age, marital status, other income-earning household members, hours worked daily, years spent working, education level, and number of dependent children. These factors also further reinforce gender differences in income generation. Further enquiry through qualitative interviews highlighted gender differences in tool usage and the types of waste resources handled. Inequality was also evident in terms of social equality, political power and decision making. The results also highlight childcare as one of the most important challenges that women alone face. Other findings include the impact of current modernisation policies on women s financial security, autonomy, and well-being. The waste livelihood activities observed offer positive economic benefits, and incomes higher than the minimum wage. However, it is important for those engaged in modernisation policy to understand the potential impact of these measures on the livelihood of waste workers, and to ensure their commitment to change will not reinforce inequality.

Malfunctioning landfills are a globally sprawled problem. The Olusosun landfill in Lagos, Nigeria is not an exception. It is located in the middle of the city, nearby groundwater resources used to supply drinking water for the inhabitants in Lagos. When solid waste is thrown in a landfill with an inappropriate management, the groundwater may be contaminated by precipitation and surface runoff percolating the solid waste.  This report identifies if the groundwater fulfills both the Nigerian Standards for Clean Drinking Water and the World Health Organization’s International Water Quality Standards. This report also analyzes if precipitation and temperature affects groundwater quality, which later on becomes the inhabitants drinking water. The study focuses on the following water quality parameters: pH, hardness, total dissolved solids, conductivity, sodium, chlorine, sulphate, phosphate, nitrate, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, lead, nickel and chromium.  Groundwater quality was assessed in 17 different sampling sites, including wells and boreholes, with samples collected once a month during the year of 2020. Further on, a spatial analysis and temporal analysis were made. The temporal analysis for precipitation and temperature in Lagos is analyzed together with the parameters to ascertain if some parameters depend on these two factors. The tables and diagrams in the results were analyzed by visually studying the data to find correlations between the parameters and temperature respectively precipitation. Lastly, a literature study was made to support the found correlations.  The overall groundwater in the vicinity to the Olusosun landfill does not achieve the standards for either the World Health Organization or Nigeria’s Standards for Drinking Water Quality. The results indicate that the Drinking Water Quality Standards for both Nigeria and the World Health Organization lack limits for some parameters. Not all the water quality parameters investigated have an established quality standard for drinking water use. However, none of the sites exceed the guideline values for the parameters for sulphate, conductivity, nitrate, sodium and copper.  The result presents that the locations with the lowest number of fulfilled parameters, and evidently with the least qualified drinking water, were locations 2, 3, 6, 8, 12, 14, 15, 16 and 17. The majority of these locations are situated close to the landfill. The results also presented that the locations with the best water quality standards were locations 9 and 11, which are also the locations situated the furthest from the landfill. The result for the temporal analysis reveals that the temperature has a correlation to all the parameters except for calcium and that all the parameters have a correlation to all the parameters analysed.  The Olusosun landfill affects the groundwater quality negatively. The locations close to the landfill have the poorest water quality and vice versa. It is necessary to improve the water quality to secure the health of the people consuming it in Lagos, Nigeria. To do so, the landfill management must amend the current management directions. The focus should be on a remediation of the Olusosun landfill. Methods that can be used are solid washing, phytoremediation top-soil placement and establishing world leading practices in the area. / Dåligt fungerade deponier är ett globalt problem och deponin Olusosun i Lagos Nigeria är inget undantag. Deponin ligger i staden och nära grundvattenkällor som nyttjas som dricksvatten. När fast avfall placeras på en deponi med otillräcklig ledning kan grundvattnet bli förorenat av nederbörd och ytavrinning. Denna rapport identifierar om grundvattnet vid deponin Olusosun uppfyller Nigeria och WHOs dricksvattenstandarder. Rapporten studerar även om nederbörd och temperatur påverkar kvaliteten på vattnet i området.  Grundvattenkvaliteten undersöktes på 17 olika platser som bestod av brunnar och borrhål. Proverna togs en gång i månaden under år 2020. Sedan gjordes en rumslig och tidslig analys av proverna. Den rumsliga analysen undersökte huruvida vattenkvaliteten påverkas av avståndet till deponin och den tidsliga analysen undersökte om nederbörd och temperatur påverkar förändringarna av parametrarna över tid. För att bekräfta hittade samband i resultatet gjordes en litteraturstudie där bland annat litteratur från tidigare studier användes.  Ingen av platserna som proverna togs från uppfyller alla standarder från varken Nigeria eller WHO. Platserna som överskred flest vattenkvalitetstandarder var plats 3, 12, 14, 16 and 17. De platser som överskred minst antal parametrar av vattenkvalitetstandarder var plats 9 och 11. En koppling mellan avståndet till deponin och vattenkvaliteten kunde göras. Resultatet från den tidsliga analysen visar att alla parametrar utom kalcium påverkas av temperaturen och alla parametrar påverkas av mängden nederbörd.  Deponin Olusosun påverkar kvaliteten på grundvatten negativt och det är nödvändigt att förbättra vattenkvaliteten för att försäkra hälsan för invånarna i Lagos som konsumerar vattnet. För att göra det måste förvaltningen förbättras. Fokus borde ligga på att sanera deponin. Metoder som kan användas för detta är solid wasing och phytoremediation.

The purpose of this study is to determine the applicability of western urban theories to African cities, especially to Lagos, Nigeria. The study surveys urban land use patterns, migration and migrants' adjustment in cities, social relationships in cities, and urban stratification. The investigation's thesis is that western urban theories in these four areas of urban ecology may not be entirely applicable to the study of African cities. Theories of land use patterns are discussed from the classical and the cultural, or voluntaristic, viewpoints; and the other three areas are examined from the perspective of broad western urban theories.