Heavy timber construction is emerging as a viable alternative to conventional building materials, such as steel and concrete, for mid- and high rise structures. With the increasing presence of timber structures at or near potential targets comes an increased risk for damage to the structure and more importantly human casualties. The current provisions related to wood in the blast code (CSA, 2012) are limited and based on general understanding of the material behaviour rather than thorough research studies. Also, the standard does not clearly distinguish between the various types of engineered wood products. A study was undertaken to assess the behaviour of cross-laminated timber panels subjected to simulated blast loading using a shock tube apparatus. More specifically, the aim of this study was to investigate the behaviour of CLT panels subjected to static and dynamic loads to determine a dynamic increase factor in order to quantify high strain rate effects on this material. Testing was completed on a total of 18 CLT panels, with panel thicknesses of 105 and 175 mm corresponding to a 3-ply and 5-ply panel, respectively. An average dynamic increase factor of 1.28 on the resistance and no apparent increase in stiffness from static to dynamic loading were observed. Two resistance material predictive models that account for high strain-rate effects and the experimentally observed post-peak residual behavior were developed. A single degree-of-freedom model was validated using full-scale simulated blast load tests, and the predictions were found to match well with the experimental displacement-time histories.

I projektet dimensionerades ett tre våningar högt flerbostadshus i KL-trämoduler med utgångspunkt från dagens byggande av moduler som främst görs i träregelstommar. Vägg- och bjälklagsdimensioner beräknades och ritades upp. Metoder för infästningar och lyft av moduler med träregelstommar undersöktes genom intervjuer och applicerades i den mån som är möjlig för KL-trämoduler. Syftet var att ta fram en konstruktionsutformning för moduler av KL-trä avsedda för bostadsbyggande. Utformningen skall principiellt även kunna användas för andra liknande byggnader. Dimensioneringen visade att KL-träskivorna klarar av lasterna med god marginal. Avgörande för vägg- och bjälklagstjockleken var branddimensioneringen. Infästningar mellan olika byggnadsdelar kan göras på liknande sätt med KL-trä som med träregelstomme. Metoden att använda sig av stålförband i form av vinkelbeslag eller spikplåtar kan användas till de båda stomalternativen. Modullyft kan i viss mån utföras på samma sätt i de båda stommarna. / A three storey tall building was used as a reference object in this project and dimensioned with a starting point from timber frame modular constructions. Wall and floor dimensions are calculated and drawn. Methods for attachment and lifting of modules are examined through interviews and are, when possible, applied for the CLT modules. The purpose of this project was to design CLT modules intended for residential use. The goal of the design was that it can be used in similar buildings. The calculations showed that the fire requirements were the decisive factor when deciding the thickness of the walls and floors. Attachments between different building parts can be designed similarly in both timber frame modules and CLT modules. The method of using angle irons and nail plates is possible for both timber frame and CLT. The lifting of the modules can to some extent be executed similarly for the two frameworks.

De moduler som tillverkas i dagsläget baseras vanligtvis på traditionellträregelstomme. Det finns dock en möjlighet att istället tillverka moduler i KL-trä.Arbetets mål är att dimensionera infästningar för vertikal och horisontell lastverkanoch utforma infästningarna så att ett rationellt montage av KL-trämoduler möjliggörs.Infästningar som avses dimensioneras är från modul till grund samt från modul tillmodul. Litteraturstudie, platsbesök och intervju ligger till grund för val avinfästningsmetod. Förslaget resulterar i förband med stålplåt och dymlingar,skråskruvning samt förband med laskteknik. I framtida projekt med moduler i KL-träkan detta arbete ligga till grund för infästningsmetoder. / The modules currently manufactured are usually based on traditional wood frameconstruction. On the other hand, it is possible to manufacture modules in CLTinstead. The goal of the work is to design connections subjected to vertical andhorizontal load and design the connections so that a rational assembly of CLTmodulesis possible. Connections intended to be designed are from module tofoundation and from module to module. Literature survey, site visits and interviewsform the basis of the choice of attachment method. The proposal results in joints withsteel sheet and dowels, bevel screw, and single surface spline. In future projects withmodules in CLT, this work can be used as a basis for connection methods.

Apesar da versatilidade da madeira, seu emprego fica, às vezes, dificultado por não serem totalmente conhecidas as suas propriedades e seu desempenho em diferentes condições de serviço. Neste trabalho, procura-se contribuir para um melhor aproveitamento das espécies tropicais alternativas, em especial no emprego para produção de elementos estruturais de madeira laminada colada, uma vez que o Brasil possui grande potencial dessas espécies, mas ainda sub-utilizadas. Neste contexto, realiza-se a determinação das propriedades físicas, de resistência e de rigidez de algumas espécies e determinam-se também as rigidezes de elementos estruturais obtidos da espécie cujos corpos-de-prova apresentam os melhores resultados. Ensaiam-se vigas montadas com dois tipos de adesivos, duas intensidades de pressão e duas distribuições de lâminas. Adota-se a metodologia experimental recomendada no ANEXO B da NBR 7190:1997 - Projeto de Estruturas de Madeira, da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT). Analisam-se os resultados obtidos a partir de conceitos estatísticos. A espécie Cedrinho (Erisma sp) apresentou as melhores respostas, das quais pode-se concluir que os adesivos Cascophen e à base de mamona não influenciaram as propriedades de rigidez das vigas, o mesmo acontecendo para as duas intensidades de pressão, 0,8 MPa e 1,2 MPa. As propriedades de rigidez das vigas de MLC podem ser influenciadas pela distribuição das lâminas ao longo da altura da seção transversal / Despite the wood versatility, its application is, sometimes, difficult because of its properties and performances under differents work conditions are not completely known. The present work seeks to contribute for a better utilization of the alternative tropical wood species, especially in the employment to the production of structural elements of glued laminated timber, once that Brazil has a great potential of these species which are under applicated. In this context, the determination of the physical properties, the strength and the stiffness of some alternative tropical species are realized, and the stiffness of structural elements made of the specie which presented the best results in specimens tests are determinated. Beams are tested with two adhesives classes, two pressure intensities and two ways of lamination. Experimental methods suggested in ANEXO B, NBR 7190:1997 – Timber Structures Design (Brazilian Technical Codes Association) were used. The specie Cedrinho (Erisma sp) presents the best results, and conclusions are made: Cascophen and castor oil adhesives did not influence the beams stiffness properties; the same thing happens for the two pressure intensities, 0,8 MPa and 1,2 MPa. The glulam beams stiffness properties can be influenced by the ways of lamination

This master thesis deals with the design of load-bearing capacity of the observation tower in Besky-dy. The material used in main column is steel S355. The main column is a circular hollow construc-tion with diameter of 2,2 m. Inside the column is located a double spiral staircase. The upper part of observation tower simulates shape of treetop by rip column. It is made of glue laminated timber GL24h. The tower has four platforms of hexagon shape. The largest platform is 12,2m wide. The height of struction is 37,5 m. Internal forces have been calculated in software RFEM and based that the structural assessment has been made. The thesis is drawn up pursuant to the standards of ČSN EN.

Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) has in recent years become a more important building material. This means that the demand for accurate calculation methods in building standards such as Eurocode 5 has increased. There is limited knowledge about the connections in CLT buildings which is an important part of a CLT structure. This thesis was therefore focused on investigating a wall-floor-wall type connection commonly found in platform type buildings.  An experimental and numerical study on typical wall-floor-wall connections was carried out in this thesis. In the experimental part 60 tests with 8 different configurations were conducted to investigate the influence of different parameters on the connection, moment capacity and rotational stiffness. During the tests the deformation of the specimens under four load levels were investigated. Compression tests were also performed on the specimens to determine the compressive strength and stiffness of the elements. In the numerical part two different models for the connection were created. One simplified model with rotational springs and one more complex model with compression springs. With these models the influence from the number of stories, span and thickness of the wall on the global behavior of a structure was investigated.  The result from this thesis shows that there is both moment capacity and rotational stiffness in the wall-floor-wall type connection that can be utilized in the design phase of a structure. This was proven by both the experimental and the numerical study. The parameters that influence the behavior of the connection most were the load level applied on the wall and the wall thickness. The model created in the numerical study showed great potential regarding the replication of the connection behavior observed in the experimental study.

The diploma thesis deals with an urban study and the design of a new residential structure in Kopřivnice. The city has not solved housing construction for the last 30 years, therefore it lacks housing development subject to current trends. The aim and motivation of the design was to create a new location that will be attractive not only for its residents but also for the surrounding area. A location that will offer housing, leisure activities and people.

ABSTRACT The task was to design and assess the supporting structure of the lookout tower. Material steel and wood. The lookout tower is 27.22 m high and decreases in height from the base of the srka. Construction system with continuous columns and horizontal reinforcement.

This research was conducted to discover how the U.S. building construction and forest products sectors could benefit from the development of tall, cross-laminated (CLT) and mass timber buildings. Barriers that may restrict such development were also investigated. The primary benefits were discovered to be eco-performance and job creation. Code restrictions and material performance misconceptions were found to be the largest obstacles. Case studies of Treet, Tamedia, and the WIDC were conducted to demonstrate the benefits of tall wood buildings and the various paths around potential barriers. Opportunities for tall wood buildings in the U.S. are also discussed. This research discovered that a tall wood movement is gathering momentum in the U.S. To fully realize this potential, accurate information regarding the use of wood and the performance capacities of mass timber systems needs to be disseminated. Co-operation between academia and industry will also be necessary.

To provide fundamental information for the second generation of cross laminated timber manufacturing, wood sections that glued by different orientations were constructed and tested. To reveal adhesive differences, phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) and polyurethane (PU) adhesive were used and the gluelines were evaluated in accordance with different conditions for shear strength, wood failure, dimensional stability and delamination. A non-destructive testing method was applied to measure the dynamic modulus of elasticity (dMOE) change. The results showed that the radical wood section of lumber produced with the starsawn process had much less deformation and was more suitable for glueline. PRF had better performance than PU in terms of shear strength, dimensional stability, and delamination. Confocal microscopic pictures revealed that the tangential to tangential (TT) glueline showed the tendency of collapse, indicating a poor bond strength and therefore a poor glueline durability of TT glueline, especially when it was subject to wet conditions.