Research goal and objective. To investigate the possibilities of the use of mineral raw materials of local origin for the purification of biogas produced from sewage sludge, by-products and waste and to assess the environmental benefits of the use of biogas in the transport sector. The properties of by-products and waste generated in Lithuania as well as the possibilities of their use in the production of biogas from sewage sludge have been assessed. The potential and properties of local mineral raw materials suitable for the purification of biogas have been assessed. The process of the removal of hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide from biogas using natural sorbents has been investigated. It was found that large dolomite resources available in Lithuania allow using this natural raw material for biogas purification because sorbent solutions and suspensions of dolomite powder effectively remove hydrogen sulphide and absorb carbon dioxide from biogas sufficiently quickly. A principal biogas purification technology was developed on the basis of the performed assessment of the process kinetic calculations. Engine perfomance tests were carried out using a mixture of biogas and mineral diesel fuel and exhaust gas emissions were assessed. / Darbo tikslas – ištirti gamtinių sorbentų (vietinės kilmės mineralinių žaliavų) panaudojimo biodujų, pagamintų iš nuotekų dumblo, šalutinių produktų ir atliekų, valymui galimybes bei įvertinti biodujų panaudojimo transporto sektoriuje aplinkosauginę naudą. Įvertintos Lietuvoje susidarančių šalutinių produktų ir atliekų savybės bei panaudojimo biodujų gamyboje iš nuotekų dumblo galimybės. Įvertintos vietinės kilmės mineralinių žaliavų, tinkančių biodujų valymui, potencialas ir savybės. Ištirtas biodujų valymo nuo sieros vandenilio ir anglies dioksido procesas, naudojant gamtinius sorbentus. Nustatyta, kad Lietuvoje eantys dideli dolomito ištekliai leidžia panaudoti šią natūralią žaliavą biodujų valymui, nes absorbciniai tirpalai iš dolomito miltelių efektyviai pašalina sieros vandenilį ir pakankamai gerai sugeria anglies dioksidą. Remiantis atliktu proceso kinetinių skaičiavimų įvertinimu buvo parengta principinė biodujų valymo technologija. Atlikti stendiniai variklio bandymai naudojant biodujų ir mineralinio dyzelino mišinį bei įvertintos deginių emisijos.

Research goal and objective. To investigate the possibilities of the use of mineral raw materials of local origin for the purification of biogas produced from sewage sludge, by-products and waste and to assess the environmental benefits of the use of biogas in the transport sector. The properties of by-products and waste generated in Lithuania as well as the possibilities of their use in the production of biogas from sewage sludge have been assessed. The potential and properties of local mineral raw materials suitable for the purification of biogas have been assessed. The process of the removal of hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide from biogas using natural sorbents has been investigated. It was found that large dolomite resources available in Lithuania allow using this natural raw material for biogas purification because sorbent solutions and suspensions of dolomite powder effectively remove hydrogen sulphide and absorb carbon dioxide from biogas sufficiently quickly. A principal biogas purification technology was developed on the basis of the performed assessment of the process kinetic calculations. Engine perfomance tests were carried out using a mixture of biogas and mineral diesel fuel and exhaust gas emissions were assessed. / Darbo tikslas – ištirti gamtinių sorbentų (vietinės kilmės mineralinių žaliavų) panaudojimo biodujų, pagamintų iš nuotekų dumblo, šalutinių produktų ir atliekų, valymui galimybes bei įvertinti biodujų panaudojimo transporto sektoriuje aplinkosauginę naudą. Įvertintos Lietuvoje susidarančių šalutinių produktų ir atliekų savybės bei panaudojimo biodujų gamyboje iš nuotekų dumblo galimybės. Įvertintos vietinės kilmės mineralinių žaliavų, tinkančių biodujų valymui, potencialas ir savybės. Ištirtas biodujų valymo nuo sieros vandenilio ir anglies dioksido procesas, naudojant gamtinius sorbentus. Nustatyta, kad Lietuvoje eantys dideli dolomito ištekliai leidžia panaudoti šią natūralią žaliavą biodujų valymui, nes absorbciniai tirpalai iš dolomito miltelių efektyviai pašalina sieros vandenilį ir pakankamai gerai sugeria anglies dioksidą. Remiantis atliktu proceso kinetinių skaičiavimų įvertinimu buvo parengta principinė biodujų valymo technologija. Atlikti stendiniai variklio bandymai naudojant biodujų ir mineralinio dyzelino mišinį bei įvertintos deginių emisijos.

Utilizing quantitative and qualitative methods, this in-depth ethnographic study of the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area (BSFNRRA) examines social conflict and resistance stemming from competing values, definitions, and concerns over the management of cultural and natural resources within the region. The timing of this project is fortuitous for the National Park Service (NPS) has completed the creation of a ten year General Management Plan. Thus, we are provided with an opportunity to study and analyze the policy and methodology that park officials are required to follow in creating a management plan and eliciting public participation. The first goal of this study is to ascertain how the establishment of the BSFNRRA has altered local communities: (1) means of access to the area and (2) uses of resources within the area. Several questions will be asked and probed for answers. What happens to the meanings of the land and places on the land (such as a family cemetery) when the land is transformed from private to public ownership and is managed by a government agency for the benefit of preservation or recreation? How have residents been affected by and adapted to this transformation? The second goal is to probe the complex relationships and identify sources of conflict, resistance, and cooperation between community residents, NPS employees, and special interest groups. Essential questions arise and must be addressed. How are conflict, resistance, and cooperation demonstrated? The third goal is to delineate what measures can be taken to lessen conflict or resistance and promote cooperation? Since resistance often manifests itself in not participating in public meetings pertaining to the BSFNRRA, what measures can be taken to promote public participation? In conclusion, this study will draw clear and concise recommendations towards diminishing conflict between local residents and the NPS, along with recommendations on increasing public participation in the creation of policy pertaining to the management of public land. In addition to the applied aspect of this project, this study contributes to the body of theory by building on the mentalist paradigm of symbolic interactionism and the materialist paradigms of conflict and resistance theory.

Literatūros šaltiniuose pastaruoju metu teigiama, kad siekiant pasiekti optimaliausią derliaus kiekį žemės ūkyje yra naudojama labai dideli kiekiai ir įvairumas trąšų ir kad taip yra alinamas dirvožemio ariamasis sluoksnis. Todėl magistro darbe iškeltas tikslas yra įvertinti tręšimo įtaką dirvožemio taršai bei trąšų efektyvumą kultūrų prieaugiui agrocenozėse, išanalizuojant žemės ūkio normatyvus. / Literary sources have been stating recently that in order to achieve an optimum harvest quantity huge amounts of fertilisers and their variety are used in agriculture and thus the arable layer of the soil is impoverished. As a result, the objective set in the Master‘s Thesis is to evaluate the influence of fertilisation on contamination of the soil and fertiliser efficiency in respect of crop growth in agrocenoses by performing the analysis of the agricultural norms.

The policy shift towards sustainability has led to increased diversity of stakeholders in land management. This thesis explores how capacity building projects affect the way stakeholders are included in emerging platforms for change. It does so by combining action research and narrative analysis in a case study of a project that aimed to develop social capability in rural Victoria, Australia. The thesis concludes with ways to improve capacity building methodologies and the reflexive performance within platforms for change.

What is land management? How important it is as instrument for environmental monitoring? In this paper the author tries to answer to this and other issues related to the importance of this concept as a tool for sustainable development. Moreover, it presents an exegetic analysis of how this concept has been attended by governmental administrations linked to the environment. / ¿Qué es ordenamiento territorial? ¿Cuál es su importancia como instrumento de gestión ambiental? En el presente artículo el autor da respuesta a estos y otros temas en relación con la importancia que presenta este concepto como herramienta para el desarrollo sostenible. Asimismo, realiza un análisis exegético de cómo ha sido abordado este concepto en cada nivel de gobierno, siempre vinculado al medio ambiente.

The return to the customary or integration of customary and statutory tenure systems to continue gain currency in both contemporary policy and academic discourses on land tenure as an alternative pathway towards enhancing security of access and tenure in the sub-Saharan African context. Central to the debates are issues concerning the relevance of customary land tenure arrangements and appropriate pathways to successfully engineer the process of harmonization toward improved tenure security whilst preserving of the communitarian principles of local tenure systems. Using two case studies in rural Ghana, this study investigated the prevailing land tenure arrangements, practices and socio-political dynamics that underpin them, highlighting the challenges and opportunities that need to be addressed for the successful adaptation of customary tenure rules and institutions into the statutory system towards improved tenure security and sustainable land management. The research employed a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods including interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaires to collate and analyse data from sampled respondents in Kakum and Ankasa in southern Ghana. The results of the investigation revealed that contrary to the mainstream view that customary tenure arrangements are incapable of providing tenure security in the face on ongoing transformations, the perceived tenure security of respondents was generally high in the study areas. This notwithstanding, it was observed that the emerging patterns of access and control (occasioned by increasing land scarcity and commodification) have resulted in social differentiation and inequalities in land access and distribution amongst the poor and vulnerable members of the landholding groups including women and the youth. The research also showed that aside from tenure security, other important contextual factors including access to credit, modernised agricultural inputs and targeted extension service support significantly influence households' investment decisions regarding adoption of sustainable land management practices. These findings have far-reaching implications for current land tenure interventions aimed at harmonising customary and statutory tenure structures for improved tenure security and sustainable land management. Results of the investigation were used to develop a three-phase incremental framework on formalisation of customary land rights which could serve as bespoke framework to guide the design of land tenure intervention strategies and implementation towards addressing local tenure insecurity in the specific context of the study areas and sub-Saharan Africa generally. The major conclusion of the research is that balancing the market efficiency and social equity considerations is necessary and should be pursued under the ongoing land tenure reforms for inclusive and equitable outcomes at the local level. This derives from the fact that the existing tenurial challenges are complex and context-specific, equally requiring well-balanced and nuanced solutions to effectively address them.

The purpose of this thesis was to elaborate a survey analysis in the cadastral territory of Milenovice. For the production of the survey analysis was used the methodology processed by Dumbrovský. This methodology divides survey analysis into the research of the climatic, hydrological and aquiculturing rates, the research of the transport system and the current situation of the cadastral territory, the research of the agricultural land utilization and the protection of the agricultural land resources and the research of ecological stability of the territory. The result of this thesis was the discovering of the problems concerning the process of the complex land adjustments in the mentioned territory. The survey analysis refers mainly to the problems regarding the erosion, the flood-protection, the ecological stability and the drainage.

Through this study, the Regional Government of Cajamarca has identified its actual capacities andinstitutional conditions on the basis of the national, intersectorial, sectorial, and territorial policies; of its role and competences in order to determine the positive and negative aspects, as well as the needs to ameliorate, to adapt and to adequate its organizational and functional scheme to the land management process. This study covers the general characterization of the context and the organizational, functional and resources level within the government, to establish its real institutional capacities, determining strategies and programs to adequately assume the territorial management. It was elaborated on the basis of the corresponding matrix which follows the indications given by the Resolución Ministerial 135-2013-MINAM that approves the Guía Metodológica para la Elaboración de los Instrumentos Técnicos Sustentatorios para el Ordenamiento Territorial. Here we incorporate global and individual evaluation models proposed by the Minam to establish an Institutional Capacity of the Regional Government Index.It was determined that the institutional capacity gap reaches 15 points that represent 75%, that is, enough institutional capacity to elaborate the land management program. The main contribution of this study is to establish strategies and programs to bettering the institutional capacity of the regional government in order to optimize the function of land management. / El Gobierno Regional Cajamarca a través de este estudio, ha identificado la capacidad y condiciones institucionales que actualmente posee. Basándose en su situación actual, en las políticas nacionales, intersectoriales, sectoriales y territoriales, y de su rol y competencias, determinará los aspectos positivos y negativos, así como las necesidades de mejorar, adaptar o adecuar su esquema organizacional y funcional al proceso de ordenamiento territorial. Este estudio comprende la caracterización general del contexto y del nivel organizacional, fun- cional y de recursos del ámbito de gobierno, para a partir de ello establecer sus capacidades institucionales reales, determinando estrategias y programas que conduzcan a poder asumir adecuadamente la gestión del territorio. Fue elaborado sobre la base de la matriz propuesta en la Guía Metodológica para la Elaboración de los Instrumentos Técnicos Sustentatorios para el Ordenamiento Territorial (Minam, 2013).Aquí se incorporan modelos de evaluación global e individual propuestos por el Minam para establecer un Índice de Capacidad Institucional del Gobierno Regional. Se ha determinado como resultado que la brecha de capacidad institucional alcanza el puntaje de 15 representando un 75%, que significa suficiente capacidad institucional para el Ordenamiento Territorial.El principal aporte de este estudio es establecer estrategias y programas para la mejora de la capacidad institucional del Gobierno Regional Cajamarca a fin de optimizar la función de ordenamiento territorial.

This paper underlines the returning interest to the importance of regional studies after a period of stagnation during the last decades of the XXth century. Moreover, there are the questions related to the new geopolitical condition brought about by the globalization process and the creation of spatial webs and a-geographic links.At present, we have again the regionalization issue as part of our agenda in the land management processes, and thus, it is very alive among politicians, especially in the Less Developed countries. There is trust that the territorial changes should lead to the bettering of the political, economic, and social system of each country. However, this regional interest is not always backed by a deep knowledge of the basic theory of the «conceptual framework» to practice it. / Este artículo se propone resaltar el resurgimiento de la importancia de los estudios regionales después de un período de estancamiento en las últimas décadas del siglo XX. Asimismo están las preguntas que se relacionan con la nueva situación geopolítica y económica producida por el proceso de globalización y de la creación de un espacio de redes y vínculos ageográficos. Hoy, nuevamente la regionalización es un tema de agenda en los procesos de gestión territorial y por eso está muy de moda entre los políticos, especialmente de los países en desarrollo. Se confía en que los cambios territoriales deben conducir hacia el mejoramiento del sistema político, económico y social de cada país. Sin embargo, este interés regional no siempre va de la mano con un profundo conocimiento de las bases teóricas y de los conceptos que forman la «urdimbre conceptual» para la práctica.