Univ., Diss.--Heidelberg, 2003.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009. / Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 215-235). Issued in print and online. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 711-770). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 711-770). Also available on the Internet.

no abstract available / Development Studies / MA (DEVELOPMENT STUD)

Magister Artium - MA / Both Am-Xhosa and the European farmers, being pastoralists "the search for land and grass was (their) first principle", notes Walker (1928). When they met, they differed fundamentally on the "vital matter oflandholding" . So different were their perspectives, that Lekhehla (1955) suggested, as far as the treaties were concerned: "The Native Chiefs either did not understand the implications of the border treaties, or if they did, never intended to respect such treaties" (p.2 1). Hopper (1980) says the tension between the Europeans and the Africans on the land issue emanated from the fact that "Xhosa expansion" and "colonial expansion" processes were entirely different. While Am-Xhosa expanded in order to "preserve their political integrity" colonists were driven by an economic dynamic they expanded because land was necessary to accommodate growth (1980:261).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:56:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VERSAO FINAL renata abdalla.pdf: 1003993 bytes, checksum: 53f705da825f69f2791052150b4e5522 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-23 / Este estudo tem o propósito de contribuir para o entendimento dos fatores que determinam as parasitoses intestinais entre crianças aparentemente expostas às mesmas condições socioeconômicas e ambientais, em área rural do sul do Estado do Espírito Santo. Trata-se de um estudo de prevalência nas áreas de assentamento rural do Município de Alegre. O tamanho da amostra foi de 133 crianças de 6 meses a 12 anos. Foi coletado sangue e fezes e aplicado questionário no período de junho a agosto de 2006. Para análise dos dados, foi conduzido um modelo hierárquico e utilizado o Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 14.0. Os resultados são apresentados em três sessões: na primeira, a prevalência das parasitoses intestinais e das variáveis preditoras; na segunda, análise bivariada e regressão logística, em dois modelos de análise, e, na terceira, a distribuição espacial dos casos. Verificou-se uma prevalência de 21,80% de crianças parasitadas. A análise de regressão logística por bloco revelou que foram estatisticamente significantes para parasitoses as seguintes variáveis: escolaridade paterna, número de habitantes por domicílio, água para consumo, hábito de lavar as mãos após defecar, número de refeições, consulta médica em 2005, uso de vermífugo anterior à pesquisa e hábito de lavar as mãos antes das refeições. Na análise de regressão logística final, em ambos modelos, as variáveis que se mantiveram estatisticamente significantes foram: número de habitantes por domicílio e água para consumo. Os dados do presente estudo confirmam a necessidade de políticas públicas no sentido de melhorar a qualidade de vida desta população rural e a continuidade dos estudos nessa área faz-se necessária para que se alcance esta melhora. / The purpose of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the determinant factors of intestinal nematode among children that share the same socio economic condition in a rural area in the south of Espírito Santo State. This is a prevalence study in rural land settlement areas from the municipality of Alegre. The sample size was 133 children. It was collected blood and feces and performed a questionnaire from June to August, 2006. Then, it was conducted a hierarchial model and the data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 14.0. The results are seen in tree sections: first, the prevalence of intestinal nematodes and predictors variables, second, bivariate analysis and logistic regression model and third, the especial distribution of the cases. It was verified a prevalence of 21,80% of infected children. In the logistic regression by blocs we found a statistic significance between intestinal nematodes and father education, number of people at home, water supplies, habits of cleaning hands after using a bathroom, number of meals a day, seen a doctor in 2005, use of anti-nematode drugs and habits of cleaning hands before meals. In the final logistic regression, both models had the same variable statistic significance which was: number of people at home and water supplies. The data to present study confirms the need of public politics in order to improve the quality of life for this rural population and continuity of the studies on these areas is necessary to reach this marks.

Orientador: Pedro Ramos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T14:24:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moura_IracemaFerreirade_M.pdf: 656456 bytes, checksum: 813dfc0aec708c18cd91fcd421d6a92c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar e caracterizar as principais estratégias de viabilização econômica e social adotadas nos assentamentos rurais, com ênfase na agregação de valor e comercialização, destacando seus elementos explicativos, os fatores restritivos e potencializadores. Trata-se de trazer para o debate acadêmico formas identificadas nos assentamentos rurais de organização social voltadas à agregação de valor. Dessa forma, procura-se, através da análise de um estudo de caso do Assentamento Santa Maria, Paranacity - Pr, compreender essas questões analisadas. A questão central é como e em que medida as estratégias de viabilização, com ênfase na agregação de valor e comercialização adotados no Assentamento estudado, têm contribuído para a melhoria das condições de vida das famílias assentadas e com o desenvolvimento do assentamento? Para desenvolver esta analise, no primeiro capítulo expõe-se a problemática na qual está inserido o objeto de pesquisa, incluindo um apanhado da luta pela terra e as condições históricas da política agrária e agrícola em torno dela. No segundo capítulo, são abordadas, com base em pesquisa recente, as análises dos assentamentos rurais destacando as estratégias de viabilização com ênfase na agregação de valor e comercialização. Por fim, no terceiro capítulo expõe-se o estudo de caso do Assentamento Santa Maria, o qual se confunde com a Cooperativa de Produção Agropecuária (CPA), denominada COPAVI, fundada bem antes da oficialização do assentamento. Ali, são expostas e analisadas, desde a conquista da terra até a fase atual, com vistas a compreender, as estratégias adotadas em torno da agregação de valor e da comercialização adotadas. Para finalizar, são tecidas algumas considerações e apresentadas algumas questões suscitadas no desenvolvimento desse estudo / Mestrado / Economia Agricola e Agraria / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

The major factors which influenced the settlement system of the late prehistoric Nuxalk of the Bella Coola valley are examined in this study. Detailed data on settlement, subsistence, environment and the socio-political and socio-economic worlds of the Nuxalk are presented. Ethnographic, ethnohistoric, archaeological and environmental data have been compiled for this purpose. The theoretical approach applied in this thesis differs from other comparable studies on the Northwest Coast. Many studies are concerned only with the relationship between energy gains and settlement. In this study the potential determinants of settlement patterns are compiled from both the natural and cultural environment of the Nuxalk. Each determinant is examined within a cultural framework that would have been relevant to the Bella Coola valley Nuxalk. The nature of the analyses and methodology employed here also sets this study apart from other settlement studies. Salmon-settlement studies investigate the importance of a single species at several sites, while site catchment studies concentrate on the relative importance of several resources at a single site. Here, several different sites are compared according to eight different determinants (the presence of salmon, other aquatic resources, plant resource, animal resources, mineral resources, trade, shelter from the elements and protection from raiding); each determinant is measured in a different manner according to the nature of the data set. A rank order of each village location is produced according to its accessibility to each determinant analysed. From this, an overall ranking of settlements which combines all the determinants is generated. The Nuxalk results are then compared to the settlement systems of other Northwest Coast groups, as a means of identifying more general statements concerning the pre-contact settlement systems of Northwest Coast Native peoples. Results indicate that the presence of a range of food resources, especially plants and fish, was among the most important criteria for a preferred settlement location in the Bella Cool a valley. The presence of a variety of other resources and cultural attributes was the minimum requirement of a suitable Nuxalk village location. Among other coastal groups, preferred village sites were those which offered the greatest number of resources from a single location. In the instances where primary villages were situated in areas that did not offer a range of resources, other (cultural) factors seem to have influenced the decision to settle in a specific location. Additionally, it is hoped that this study contributes to the field of ecological anthropology by offering new methods for quantifying economically important plants. Previously uncollected information from Nuxalk elders adds to the body of knowledge concerning land use among the Nuxalk people specifically and the peoples of the Northwest Coast in general. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Johannesburg, August 2015. / This thesis explores the hypothesis that South Africa’s land reform programme is based on a set of assumptions about the country’s past which are inadequate and have contributed to the failure of policy. The impact of these assumptions is that they support particular models for restitution and rural economic development which became ‘accepted wisdom’ within international development agencies, government, and amongst land activists in South Africa, but which were and still are inappropriate in the South African context. To test this hypothesis I look at the history of land settlement and agriculture in Mopani district of Limpopo province. In particular, I look at how ordinary people accessed and lost rights to land over the nineteenth and twentieth century, and how land became tied up in struggles for political authority and access to resources. I show how the importance of ethnic identities and a sense that land belongs to ‘indigenous’ people of a particular ethnicity, deepened during the Bantustan era. I argue that policymakers could have learned from past government policies. This includes the 1936 Native Trust and Land Act which called for the state to purchase farms from private landowners for African settlement, and smallholder irrigation schemes and co-operatives, which were intended to improve agricultural production in the reserves and homelands. What this history reveals is that land settlement patterns and experiences of land loss were far more complex than the simplified narratives on which land restitution was based. The poor performance of agriculture in reserves and bantustans cannot be blamed on past government policies intended to destroy a peasantry, or on land loss alone, rather there were many challenges and constraints. Women maintained an interest in agriculture throughout the twentieth century, but were not taken seriously by those attempting to improve African agriculture. Africans interested in commercial farming were constrained in how much land they could access. The idea that Africans are naturally communal, and that restitution and development should target ‘communities’ is deeply problematic. Policy failed to take into account these realities. The consequences have been that land restitution has failed to bring redress, restituted farms have failed as commercial operations, those with a real interest in agriculture continue to face constraints, and smallholder irrigation schemes continue to perform poorly.