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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

O latifúndio do Projeto Jari e a propriedade da terra na Amazônia brasileira / The Jari Projects landed estate and land ownership in the Brazilian Amazon.

Camargo, Maria Luiza Gutierrez de 04 September 2015 (has links)
No vale do rio Jari, divisa entre os estados do Pará e Amapá, surgiu, ainda no século XIX, o que muitos acreditam ser um dos maiores latifúndios do mundo, sob o jugo de José Júlio de Andrade, migrante cearense que virou coronel e explorava castanha, seringa e balata pelo sistema de aviamento, com direitos de vida e morte em todo vale. Em 1967, o milionário estadunidense Daniel Keith Ludwig adquiriu a enorme extensão de terras com a intenção de fundar um projeto pioneiro que serviria de modelo para o aproveitamento econômico da Amazônia. Tendo como carro chefe a produção de celulose, o empreendimento ficou conhecido como Projeto Jari. Após receber centenas de milhões em incentivos na onda dos grandes projetos para a Amazônia das décadas de 1960 e 1970, e acumular escândalos e prejuízos, em 1982, o Projeto é assumido por um grupo de empresas nacionais e, em 2000, passa para o comando do Grupo Orsa, um conglomerado paulista do setor de papel e celulose tido como exemplo pioneiro de empresa verde e com muitos prêmios recebidos como reconhecimento de sua responsabilidade social e ambiental. Porém, apesar dos projetos econômicos ali desenvolvidos e que vão se sucedendo, se somando e/ou se atualizando nas últimas décadas, a empresa ali instalada não é capaz de comprovar ser proprietária da área. Trata-se de um imenso latifúndio, com mais de três milhões de hectares, onde também vivem milhares de famílias camponesas. O Estado, há décadas, tem ciência da debilidade da documentação fundiária e, portanto, de que se tratam de terras públicas, mas nada é feito. A partir desse cenário, este trabalho aposta na ideia de que estudar esse imóvel fornecerá importantes elementos para se debater a constituição da propriedade privada da terra e sobre a questão agrária no Brasil. Para tanto, adotamos o entendimento defendido por Ariovaldo U. de Oliveira de que a formação territorial brasileira é consequência do processo através do qual o capital submeteu a terra à sua lógica econômica de exploração. Assim, tratar da propriedade da terra é tratar, também, de parte fundamental do desenvolvimento do capitalismo no Brasil. Abordamos, então, a questão a partir da análise dos documentos que supostamente fundamentam a propriedade privada do latifúndio, de pareceres jurídicos elaborados sobre eles, bem como da postura do poder público diante das conclusões apresentadas nesses pareceres. Pretende-se, assim, lançar luz sobre os mecanismos que, apesar dos conflitos e questionamentos, têm permitido e sustentado a continuidade das atividades econômicas e a permanência da empresa na área. / What many believe to be one of the largest landed estates in the world was to emerge in the nineteenth century along the Jari River valley, which straddles the border between the Brazilian Amazonian states of Pará and Amapá. A migrantturned- colonel from the northeastern state of Ceará, called José Júlio de Andrade, then controlled the valley: he had rights over life and death in the area where Brazil nut, rubber and balata were extracted through a system based on indebtedness known as aviamento. Then, in 1967, the American millionaire Daniel Keith Ludwig acquired the huge expanse of land. His intention was to found a pioneering project whose aim was to serve as a model for economic activities in the Amazon. The enterprise became known as the Jari Project; its flagship was cellulose production. At a time of major governmental projects for the Brazilian Amazon in the 1960s and 1970s, the project received hundreds of millions of dollars in governmental incentives; it would accumulate monumental scandals and losses. In 1982, the project was taken over by a consortium of national enterprises and in 2000, again passed hands, this time to the Grupo Orsa a paper and cellulose pulp conglomerate from São Paulo, considered as a pioneering example of a \"green enterprise\" and which has received a string of awards in recognition of their social and environmental responsibility. Yet, in spite of these ongoing, successive projects in the area over the last few decades, the conglomerate is unable to prove its title to the land. The huge landed estate, covering over three million hectares, is also home to thousands of peasant families. For decades, the state has been aware of the estates deficient documentation which in effect means that these are public lands but nothing has been done. This study is based on the idea that the investigation of the estates trajectory will reveal important elements on which to base a discussion of the constitution of private landed property and the agrarian question in Brazil. Towards this end, we have adopted Ariovaldo U. de Oliveiras perspective that \"Brazils territorial formation results from the process through which capital submitted the land to its economic logic of exploitation\". Thus, inherent to debating land ownership in Brazil is a consideration of the fundamental part of the development of capitalism in the country. We approach the issue by analysing the documents that supposedly prove the estate to be private property and the legal assessments based on these documents, as well as the government\'s reaction to the findings presented in these assessments. In this way, the mechanisms that have allowed and sustained the continuity of these economic activities and the enterprises continued permanence in the area in spite of conflicts and questioning will be illuminated.
2

O latifúndio do Projeto Jari e a propriedade da terra na Amazônia brasileira / The Jari Projects landed estate and land ownership in the Brazilian Amazon.

Maria Luiza Gutierrez de Camargo 04 September 2015 (has links)
No vale do rio Jari, divisa entre os estados do Pará e Amapá, surgiu, ainda no século XIX, o que muitos acreditam ser um dos maiores latifúndios do mundo, sob o jugo de José Júlio de Andrade, migrante cearense que virou coronel e explorava castanha, seringa e balata pelo sistema de aviamento, com direitos de vida e morte em todo vale. Em 1967, o milionário estadunidense Daniel Keith Ludwig adquiriu a enorme extensão de terras com a intenção de fundar um projeto pioneiro que serviria de modelo para o aproveitamento econômico da Amazônia. Tendo como carro chefe a produção de celulose, o empreendimento ficou conhecido como Projeto Jari. Após receber centenas de milhões em incentivos na onda dos grandes projetos para a Amazônia das décadas de 1960 e 1970, e acumular escândalos e prejuízos, em 1982, o Projeto é assumido por um grupo de empresas nacionais e, em 2000, passa para o comando do Grupo Orsa, um conglomerado paulista do setor de papel e celulose tido como exemplo pioneiro de empresa verde e com muitos prêmios recebidos como reconhecimento de sua responsabilidade social e ambiental. Porém, apesar dos projetos econômicos ali desenvolvidos e que vão se sucedendo, se somando e/ou se atualizando nas últimas décadas, a empresa ali instalada não é capaz de comprovar ser proprietária da área. Trata-se de um imenso latifúndio, com mais de três milhões de hectares, onde também vivem milhares de famílias camponesas. O Estado, há décadas, tem ciência da debilidade da documentação fundiária e, portanto, de que se tratam de terras públicas, mas nada é feito. A partir desse cenário, este trabalho aposta na ideia de que estudar esse imóvel fornecerá importantes elementos para se debater a constituição da propriedade privada da terra e sobre a questão agrária no Brasil. Para tanto, adotamos o entendimento defendido por Ariovaldo U. de Oliveira de que a formação territorial brasileira é consequência do processo através do qual o capital submeteu a terra à sua lógica econômica de exploração. Assim, tratar da propriedade da terra é tratar, também, de parte fundamental do desenvolvimento do capitalismo no Brasil. Abordamos, então, a questão a partir da análise dos documentos que supostamente fundamentam a propriedade privada do latifúndio, de pareceres jurídicos elaborados sobre eles, bem como da postura do poder público diante das conclusões apresentadas nesses pareceres. Pretende-se, assim, lançar luz sobre os mecanismos que, apesar dos conflitos e questionamentos, têm permitido e sustentado a continuidade das atividades econômicas e a permanência da empresa na área. / What many believe to be one of the largest landed estates in the world was to emerge in the nineteenth century along the Jari River valley, which straddles the border between the Brazilian Amazonian states of Pará and Amapá. A migrantturned- colonel from the northeastern state of Ceará, called José Júlio de Andrade, then controlled the valley: he had rights over life and death in the area where Brazil nut, rubber and balata were extracted through a system based on indebtedness known as aviamento. Then, in 1967, the American millionaire Daniel Keith Ludwig acquired the huge expanse of land. His intention was to found a pioneering project whose aim was to serve as a model for economic activities in the Amazon. The enterprise became known as the Jari Project; its flagship was cellulose production. At a time of major governmental projects for the Brazilian Amazon in the 1960s and 1970s, the project received hundreds of millions of dollars in governmental incentives; it would accumulate monumental scandals and losses. In 1982, the project was taken over by a consortium of national enterprises and in 2000, again passed hands, this time to the Grupo Orsa a paper and cellulose pulp conglomerate from São Paulo, considered as a pioneering example of a \"green enterprise\" and which has received a string of awards in recognition of their social and environmental responsibility. Yet, in spite of these ongoing, successive projects in the area over the last few decades, the conglomerate is unable to prove its title to the land. The huge landed estate, covering over three million hectares, is also home to thousands of peasant families. For decades, the state has been aware of the estates deficient documentation which in effect means that these are public lands but nothing has been done. This study is based on the idea that the investigation of the estates trajectory will reveal important elements on which to base a discussion of the constitution of private landed property and the agrarian question in Brazil. Towards this end, we have adopted Ariovaldo U. de Oliveiras perspective that \"Brazils territorial formation results from the process through which capital submitted the land to its economic logic of exploitation\". Thus, inherent to debating land ownership in Brazil is a consideration of the fundamental part of the development of capitalism in the country. We approach the issue by analysing the documents that supposedly prove the estate to be private property and the legal assessments based on these documents, as well as the government\'s reaction to the findings presented in these assessments. In this way, the mechanisms that have allowed and sustained the continuity of these economic activities and the enterprises continued permanence in the area in spite of conflicts and questioning will be illuminated.
3

Styrande faktorer vid köp av frukt - en studie av sex barnfamiljer

Hertnäs, Charlott January 2017 (has links)
Studien undersöker hur föräldrar i barnfamiljer tänker kring sin egen, och familjens, fruktkon-sumtion, samt vilka värden och faktorer som styr de medverkande föräldrarnas val vid inköp av frukt till sig själv och familjen. För att undersöka det har metoderna samtalsintervju och Följa-med-intervju använts. Intervjuerna genomfördes under perioden 19 april 2012 till 18 maj 2012.Hur vi äter påverkar vår planet, och förändringar vi gör i vår kost förändrar också resursan-vändningen globalt. Runtom i världen finns det en direkt länk mellan kost, jordbruk och be-lastningen på vår planet. Vår livsmedelsefterfrågan har ökad negativ effekt på fattigare län-ders självförsörjning av livsmedel, och utarmar naturresurserna i de länderna. För att få bukt med det ser många forskare lokal odling och produktion i allt större utsträckning, och ett utö-kat antal lokala marknader, som en lösning.Enligt klassisk attitydteori strävar konsumenten efter konsonans, samstämmighet, mellan sin attityds tre grundläggande komponenter kunskap, känsla och handlingsberedskap. Dissonans uppstår då samstämmighet mellan de tre inte råder. Beslutsprocessen för en konsument i en inköpssituation är komplex och påverkas av flertalet faktorer, som kan vara av olika karaktär, såsom sociala, fysiologiska, psykologiska, ideologiska eller kulturella.Studien visar att barnen har en stor påverkan på vilken frukt föräldrarna köper. Barnens hälsa och välmående värdesätts högt. En annan viktig faktor är var i världen frukten är odlad samt hur. Priset, etablerade vanor, i vilken kultur föräldern är uppvuxen och lever, attityder och grundläggande värderingar, iakttagelseförmåga (och mottaglighet för information), förpack-ning, hållbarhet, personlig ideologi, tillgång, tid, sociala interaktioner, samt referensgrupper är ytterligare faktorer av stor betydelse vid valet av frukt. / The purpose of this study is to look into parents’ thoughts about their own fruit consumption, and the one of the family, and also to find out the controlling factors of the choices made of the parents when they buy fruit to themselves and the family. To investigate this, conversation interviews and Go-along-interviews have been used. The interviews were carried out during April 19th 2012 to May 18th 2012.How we eat affects our planet, and the changes we make in our diets changes the use of re-sources. Worldwide there is a direct link between diet, farming and the stress on our planet. Our demand for food has an increased negative effect on the self-sufficiency of food for the people in poorer countries, and it depletes the natural resources of those countries. To remedy this, many scientists see the solution in increased local farming and production, and also local markets.According to classical attitude theory, the consumer strive towards consistency between the three fundamental components of their attitude; knowledge, sense and preparedness. Disso-nance occurs when consistency lacks between these three. The decision-making process for a consumer in a situation of procuring is complex and is affected by many factors; social, physi-ological, psychological, ideological and cultural.The study shows that the children have a great impact on what fruit the parent buys. The health and well-being of the children is highly valued. Another important factor is where the fruit is farmed and how. The price, established habits, the culture in which the parent has been raised and lives, attitudes and fundamental values, perception, packaging, freshness and keep-ing qualities, personal ideology, availability, time, social interactions, and groups of reference are further factors of great importance when buying fruits.

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