The New Zealand Labour Party's election victory on 14 July 1984 resulted in an official rejection of the global strategy of nuclear deterrence. This action was the most fundamental challenge to the defence relationship between New Zealand and the United States since the signing of the ANZUS Treaty on 1 September 1951. This thesis is concerned with the effect of Prime Minister David Lange's personality on the resulting dispute between the two nations. This qualitative study utilises a theoretical framework articulated by Margaret G. Hermann which seeks to demonstrate the relationship between the idiosyncratic characteristics of leaders and the foreign policy behaviour of their respective nations. In order to effectively conduct this study, a number of key individuals involved in various aspects of the ANZUS dispute were interviewed by this author. It should be noted that David Lange was seriously ill throughout the course of this study and was unable to be interviewed by the author. Sir Geoffrey Palmer declined to be interviewed for this study. Following the introductory chapter of this study, a review of the literature concerned with the analysis of leadership and personality is undertaken. The powers of the Prime Minister in the New Zealand political system are examined as are the events surrounding the execution of New Zealand's anti-nuclear policy and the ANZUS dispute. This thesis then assesses the effect of Lange's personality on the dispute through an examination of situational factors, and a variety of aspects of his personality. This thesis finds that Lange's personality was instrumental in determining the course of events in the ANZUS crisis. Furthermore, this study concludes that Hermann's theoretical framework is a useful tool in determining the effect of a leader's personality on a particular foreign policy outcome.

With the closure of Neo-Tethys in the Early Tertiary, oceanic crustal material was accreted along the izmir-Ankara-Erzincan Suture Zone. The Ankara m&eacute / lange developed within this suture zone and contains Cretaceous ophiolitic fragments, some of which host significant Fe-Cu sulfide mineralization. Such mineralization is observed as massive to disseminated pyrite-chalcopyrite hosted by pillow to massive basalts in a dismembered and tectonically imbricated ophiolite block near Karaali, Ankara. Basaltic host rocks lack most of their primary mineral assemblages and textural relationships. As a consequence of greenschist-facies metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration, the basalts were strongly albitized and propylitized prior to late-stage argillic alteration, which is proximal to the main mineralized zone. Sulfide mineralization occurs in a massive sulfide lens and laterally extensive, 10-meter-thick zone of anastomosing quartz-sulfide veins. Other than pyrite and chalcopyrite, bornite, covellite and sphalerite also occur as minor sulfide phases, and the source of sulfur is determined to have been magmatic on the basis of 34S isotope analyses. A series of geochemical analyses suggest that the basaltic host rocks formed within a subduction-related tectonic setting, and the mineralization is thought to have formed during a medium-temperature hydrothermal event which was followed by another later period of low-temperature hydrothermal activity. Field, petrographical and geochemical evidence show that the Karaali Fe-Cu mineralization is genetically correlative with the Cyprus and K&uuml / re massive sulfide deposits, and may be classified as a Cyprus-type massive sulfide deposit.

Zugl.: München, Univ., Diplomarbeit, 2006

Univ., Diss.--Helsinki, 2007.

Zugl.: Berlin, Freie Univ., Habil.-Schr., 2007

Zugl.: Heidelberg, Univ., Diss., 2007

Thesis (M. A.)--University of Canterbury, 2006. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-145). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Neste trabalho modela-se simplificadamente o fluxo da Geleira de descarga Lange (Ilha Rei George, Antártica) para estimar seu estado de equilíbrio e a sua resposta a mudanças na taxa de acumulação. O modelo, bidimensional, representativo e numericamente estável, fornece resultados qualitativos para a velocidade e distribuição da temperatura do gelo, baseado no método das diferenças finitas. Para calibrar o modelo, medidas da velocidade da geleira foram obtidas durante a XVIII Operação Antártica Brasileira no verão austral de 1999/2000. Primeiramente, 21 estacas foram implantadas na superfície da Geleira Lange, a posição geográfica levantada por GPS diferencial duas vezes no início e final de um período de dois meses, permitindo a determinação da velocidade superficial. O fluxo de geometria complexa foi então simulado através de um sistema curvilíneo de coordenadas. O modelo computa a distribuição de velocidade ao longo do eixo longitudinal usando a lei do fluxo do gelo para simular a deformação interna da geleira, desconsiderando o desiizamento basal. O modelo indica que variações na taxa de acumulação líquida menores que 20% do valor atual não resultariam em mudanças significativas da morfologia superficial da geleira. Mesmo a redução em 50% na taxa de acumulação resultaria somente no rebaixamento da superfície em 26 m. Estes resultados reforçam a idéia de uma geleira perto do estado de equilíbrio ( steady-state). / A simplified numerical model simulates the flow of the outlet Lange Glacier (King George Island, Antarctica) to estimate its equilibrium state and morphologicai responses to accumulation rate changes. The bidimensional model uses the finite difference method to provide qualitative information about the surface velocity and the internai temperature distribution. Fieldwork, carried out in the austral summer of 1999/2000, during the XVIII Brazilian Antarctic Operation, provides ice velocity data for calibration. Firstly, 21 stakes were fixed on the surface of Lange Glacier, their geographical position surveyed twice within a period of two months, using differential GPS. The glacial flow was simulated using complex curvilinear coordinates. The model computes the velocity distribution along the main longitudinal axis using the ice flow la\v to calculate the internai deformation with no basal sliding and responses to changes in the net accumulation rate. Variations in the net accumulation rate of less than 20% of the present value do not change significantly the surface glacier morphology. Even a reduction of 50% of this rate willlower the surface by only 26 m in 100 years. These results suggest a present glacier condition near to the steady-state.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T12:28:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-07-28Bitstream added on 2015-04-09T12:47:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000814640.pdf: 1093258 bytes, checksum: 68b898d43c1ca8b82a7faace10c165b4 (MD5) / O presente trabalho visa debater tanto a busca pela nacionalização da música a partir de elementos folclóricos da cultura brasileira empreendida por Mário de Andrade, quanto o “Americanismo Musical” do alemão naturalizado uruguaio Franz Kurt Lange/Francisco Curt Lange que pregava uma integração cultural do continente a partir desta arte. Ambos os intelectuais lançam mão de uma extensa bibliografia e documentação onde propunham seus ideais musicais que tinham como uma das principais finalidades a emancipação cultural do brasileiro frente à Europa, para Mário, e a emancipação do cidadão americano, segundo Lange. Para tanto, os dois ocuparão cadeiras administrativas na área cultural e realizarão várias ações que convergem às suas propostas / This work aims to discuss both the quest for nationalization of music from folk elements of Brazilian culture undertaken by Mário de Andrade, as well as the musical americanism of the german naturalized uruguayan Franz Kurt Lange / Francisco Curt Lange who preached a cultural integration of the continent by means of this form of art. Both intellectuals created an extensive bibliography and documentation with proposed musical ideals which had as one of the main purposes the cultural emancipation of brazilian, according to Mario, and the emancipation of the american citizen, according to Lange. To do so, both occupy administrative chairs in the cultural area and carry out various actions which converge on their proposals

Neste trabalho modela-se simplificadamente o fluxo da Geleira de descarga Lange (Ilha Rei George, Antártica) para estimar seu estado de equilíbrio e a sua resposta a mudanças na taxa de acumulação. O modelo, bidimensional, representativo e numericamente estável, fornece resultados qualitativos para a velocidade e distribuição da temperatura do gelo, baseado no método das diferenças finitas. Para calibrar o modelo, medidas da velocidade da geleira foram obtidas durante a XVIII Operação Antártica Brasileira no verão austral de 1999/2000. Primeiramente, 21 estacas foram implantadas na superfície da Geleira Lange, a posição geográfica levantada por GPS diferencial duas vezes no início e final de um período de dois meses, permitindo a determinação da velocidade superficial. O fluxo de geometria complexa foi então simulado através de um sistema curvilíneo de coordenadas. O modelo computa a distribuição de velocidade ao longo do eixo longitudinal usando a lei do fluxo do gelo para simular a deformação interna da geleira, desconsiderando o desiizamento basal. O modelo indica que variações na taxa de acumulação líquida menores que 20% do valor atual não resultariam em mudanças significativas da morfologia superficial da geleira. Mesmo a redução em 50% na taxa de acumulação resultaria somente no rebaixamento da superfície em 26 m. Estes resultados reforçam a idéia de uma geleira perto do estado de equilíbrio ( steady-state). / A simplified numerical model simulates the flow of the outlet Lange Glacier (King George Island, Antarctica) to estimate its equilibrium state and morphologicai responses to accumulation rate changes. The bidimensional model uses the finite difference method to provide qualitative information about the surface velocity and the internai temperature distribution. Fieldwork, carried out in the austral summer of 1999/2000, during the XVIII Brazilian Antarctic Operation, provides ice velocity data for calibration. Firstly, 21 stakes were fixed on the surface of Lange Glacier, their geographical position surveyed twice within a period of two months, using differential GPS. The glacial flow was simulated using complex curvilinear coordinates. The model computes the velocity distribution along the main longitudinal axis using the ice flow la\v to calculate the internai deformation with no basal sliding and responses to changes in the net accumulation rate. Variations in the net accumulation rate of less than 20% of the present value do not change significantly the surface glacier morphology. Even a reduction of 50% of this rate willlower the surface by only 26 m in 100 years. These results suggest a present glacier condition near to the steady-state.