Cette étude se propose d’aborder, par l’ethnographie, les pratiques plurilingues des Hehe, une population vivant dans la région d’Iringa située sur les hautes terres du sud de la Tanzanie. Ce pays d’une grande diversité linguistique a forgé son unité nationale sur la promotion et l’idéologisation d’une langue particulière, le kiswahili. L’idéologie linguistique dominante qui découle de cette histoire singulière, déconsidère les langues locales et occulte la réalité des pratiques plurilingues du quotidien. D’où le projet d’interroger les choix linguistiques et le recours à l’alternance codique (principalement entre le kihehe et le kiswahili, plus rarement l’anglais) dans deux villages de la région d’Iringa : à L’École, primaire et secondaire, à l’Église, catholique et protestante, dans une radio locale, au centre d’un village, chez des particuliers, au sein d’un groupe de jeunes et dans des bars d’alcool artisanal. L’analyse de ces interactions permet d’appréhender les dynamiques concurrentielles en termes de prestige et de sphères d’usage, entre le kihehe, le kiswahili et l’anglais ; de même, elle révèle par touches successives différents aspects des représentations linguistiques de nos interlocuteurs, leur attachement affectif aux langues, ainsi que la possibilité d’un positionnement identificatoire « entre les langues » mobilisé à la fois par la maîtrise du kiswahili et du kihehe. En ce sens, la présente thèse propose une contribution d’anthropologie linguistique à la question du plurilinguisme, visant à en renouveler l’approche. / This study proposes to access the plurilingual practices of the Hehe, a population that lives in the Iringa region located on the Southern Highlands of Tanzania through ethnographic research. This country possesses a great linguistic diversity and has built its national unity from promoting and ideologising one specific language: Kiswahili. The dominant linguistic ideology that stems from this singular history undermines the local languages and conceals the reality of day-to-day plurilingual practices. Hence the project to question linguistic choices and code-switching (mainly between Kihehe and Kiswahili, less frequently English) in two villages of the Iringa region and more specifically in School, primary and secondary, Church, catholic and protestant, a local radio station, at a village center, at private homes, among a group of young people, and in homemade alcool bars. The analysis of these interactions allows for an understanding of the competitive dynamics in terms of prestige and field of uses between Kihehe, Kiswahili and English; likewise, it reveals through successive steps different aspects of the linguistic representations of our interlocutors, their emotional attachment to languages, as well as the possibility of an identifiying position “between languages” activated by the mastery of both Kiswahili and Kihehe. Within this context, the present thesis proposes a linguistic anthropology contribution towards the question of plurilingualism with a view to renewing how it can be approached.

O objetivo desta dissertação é apresentar e discutir alguns processos fonológicos de adição e subtração de elementos (metaplasmos) na língua sãotomense. Neste trabalho, faremos uma comparação entre as contribuições das línguas portuguesa, quicongo e bini. Entre os séculos XV e XVI, diversas línguas nasceram do contato entre europeus e povos da África, Ásia e América. Chamadas de pidgins e crioulos, essas línguas contam com contribuições linguísticas da língua do povo dominador (língua de superstrato) e com contribuições da(s) língua(s) do(s) povo(s) dominado(s) (língua(s) de substrato). O sãotomense, língua falada atualmente na República de São Tomé e Príncipe, é uma dessas línguas, classificada como crioulo de base portuguesa, e conta com o português seiscentista como língua de superstrato e com línguas africanas, dentre elas o quicongo e o bini como línguas de substrato. Ao longo deste trabalho, analisaremos algumas das influências das línguas de substrato e superstrato na constituição do sãotomense. As contribuições das línguas de superstrato estão, majoritariamente, relacionadas à composição do léxico e as das línguas de substrato na fonologia, morfologia e sintaxe, embora também haja traços inovadores. No caso do sãotomense, as palavras portuguesas, ao entrarem no léxico do sãotomense, sofreram metaplasmos para se adequar à estrutura das línguas africanas dos primeiros falantes, sem, contudo, evitar que a língua portuguesa também contribuísse para a constituição da fonologia do sãotomense. Uma das contribuições do quicongo na fonologia do sãotomense é o lambdacismo transformação de [r] em [l] durante o processo de empréstimos, enquanto a língua portuguesa contribuiu com a eliminação do sistema tonal, presente em quicongo e bini, mas não em português. / The goal of this dissertation is to describe and analyse some phonological aspects of Sãotomense. In this word, we compare a number of linguistics contributions from the Portuguese, Kongo and Bini languages to Sãotomense, a Portuguese-based Creole spoken in the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe. A Creole language displays linguistic characteristic both from its superstratum and its substratum languages. Sãotomense has the seventeenth centurys Portuguese as its superstratum language and many African languages, among them Kongo and Bini, as its substrata languages. In this work, I intend to analyze some of the influences of these strata languages in the formation of Sãotomense phonology. In general terms, most of the contributions from the superstratum languages are related to the Lexicon. Substratum languages, by its turn, heavily contribute to the phonology, morphology and syntax, although there are in the Creoles languages innovative linguistics aspects as well. In the specific case of Sãotomense, Portuguese words undergone many linguistics processes, some of them called metaplasms, in order to be adapted by the structure of African languages speakers, but this fact did not avoid that Portuguese language also contributed to the phonology constitution of Sãotomense. A possible African contribution to the phonology of Sãotomense is the so-called lambdacism the transformation of a [r] into a [l] during the process of loanword adaptation from the Kongo language. Portuguese, for example, probably, contributed with the elimination of tones, present in Kongo and Bini and in many others African languages, but not in Portuguese.

Abstract not available

Texte remanié de : Thèse doctorat : Linguistique : Grenoble 3, 1991. / Bibliogr. p. 397-416.

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Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1990. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 240-250) / Microfiche. / xiv, 250 leaves, bound ill., maps 29 cm

This thesis reports a sociolinguistic study, carried out between 1981 and 1984, of the state of the Modern Greek (MG) language in Australia, as spoken by native-speaking first-generation Greek immigrants in Victoria. Particular emphasis is given to the analysis of those characteristics of the linguistic behaviour of these Greek Australians which can be attributed to the contact with English and to other environmental, social and linguistic influence. (For complete abstract open document)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Dept. of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 467-480).

Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 126-128). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Virginia, 1912. / Bibliography: 2 p. at end.