Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Histoire du droit--Paris 2, 2000. / Bibliogr. p. 519-569. Notes bibliogr. Index.

This autobiographic novella is part of longer novel, not yet written. The novel, &quotLe temps d'une vie", has three parts, corresponding to three periods in the life of the character. This novella is the first part of the novel. The story takes place in a small village south of France, between the Mediterranean Sea and the vineyards. A child, then a teenager, comes to his grand parents' house for holidays: Christmas, Easter and the long summer break. He meets grand parents, aunts, and an uncle. For him and his friends, the whole village and the countryside around are their playground. He experiences a life there quite different from his regular one in the city of Bordeaux with his parents. The novella was first written in French, then translated into English by Dr Siobhan Brownlie. The translator and I discussed various problems that arose, the main issue being dealing with culturally specific terms in the French text. The novella was judged by Dr Donna Lee Brien not as a translation but as an original piece of writing, and she made suggestions for changes to the English text. I implemented some of these changes in order to produce a further version of the English text and finding some of the suggestions useful for the French text too, I implemented corresponding changes in the French text. Dr Siobhan Brownlie wrote a paper about the translation process of this thesis, &quotOriginal as Translation; Translation as Original". The paper has been published in &quotUQ Vanguard", 2003, mini-series #3. Contact: UQ Vanguard, c/o Clubs and Societies, UQ Union, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072. uqvanguard@uq.edu.au; www.emsah.uq.edu.au/uqvanguard

Texte abrégé de: Thèse--Lettres--Montpellier III, 1987. / Thèse soutenue sous le titre : "Architecture privée au XIXe siècle, les châteaux du vignoble en Bas-Languedoc occidental" Bibliogr. p. 135-153.

This thesis analyses the development of the hospitals and leprosaria in Narbonne and Siena from their foundation to the Black Death (1080-1348). Specifically, it examines their respective relationships with the people of Narbonne and Siena and the municipality within a comparative framework. This thesis helps address the gap in comparative studies of the history of hospitals and leprosaria. This comparative study demonstrates how the internal governance of these institutions responded to — and were indeed shaped by — changes in the political and social climate of Narbonne and Siena. This becomes apparent through a comparison of the Hospital of St Just and Hospital of St Paul in Narbonne with the Ospedale di Santa Maria della Scala in Siena. While all these houses were established by ecclesiastical institutions between the late eleventh and mid-twelfth century, there is a marked difference between the growth of the Ospedale and that of the institutions in Narbonne. Furthermore, the Ospedale's independence from its founders, coupled with Siena's wealth and population, facilitated its development into a paragon of the medieval hospital. Such elements are absent from Narbonne, which was entering a period of decline in the thirteenth century. This thesis also recontextualises the study of leprosaria in both cities by deconstructing the traditional exclusion narrative; indeed, this study presents the first examination of the lepers and leprosaria in Siena. Examination of these two cities reveals that there were various approaches to supporting and regulating lepers. It also demonstrates that lepers and leprosaria played an important role within the urban environment, by providing lepers a community while also presenting the healthy with an opportunity to serve them and reap spiritual benefits. This thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of the institutional development of assistive houses in these two cities, placing them in their respective political and social contexts and evaluates the relationship of these assistive institutions with authorities, especially the episcopacy, papacy, and municipality.

Turks and Indians are the two major figures of the Other in French Renaissance literature. The purpose of this thesis is to explore otherness from a closer point of view by analysing the discursive allusions of the inhabitants of the South of the French Kingdom, particularly those of the "Province de Languedoc" throughout a collection of texts from the second half of the 16th century, whether they be strictly of a literary, historical or geographical source. Using the imagology method, the idea of the South being a key space in the emergence of the French identity is challenged. / First of all, the South legislates as a land of industrious administrators. However, even if it shows a claim for independence---a secularly evidenced fact---it nevertheless remains subject to the French Crown. Southerners, with identical customs as those of the French, are already part of this political entity. Schismatic area par excellence that tears the State apart, shown by numerous Huguenot patches in the Languedoc region, it is about to embrace the faith of the Same. This tendency occurs together with the linguistic phenomenon: the use of the French language develops at the same time as the practice of Law. The various parameters that distinguish the Other from the Same tend to converge to make the Southerner a subject per se of the Kingdom of the Valois. Far from questioning the foundation of the modern French identity, the people of Languedoc and other Southerners, with a rich distinct set of customs, contribute to it in several ways.

Notre thèse en histoire et en archéologie médiévales porte sur les entreprises minières argentifères (plomb, cuivre, zinc, argent) des XIe-XVe siècles en Languedoc oriental (départements 07, 48, 30, 34, 12). Elles sont analysées avec une approche d’histoire des techniques, dans le but d’articuler le déroulement du processus de production avec l’organisation sociale du travail et de questionner les liens que ces entreprises entretiennent avec les pouvoirs. / Our thesis in medieval history and archeology concerns the silver mining enterprises (lead, copper, zinc, silver) of the 11th-15th centuries in eastern Languedoc (départements 07, 48, 30, 34, 12). They are analyzed with a technical history approach in order to articulate the process of production with the social organization of work and to question the links that these firms maintain with the authorities.

Les églises rurales érigées entre le IXe et le début du XIe siècle sont relativement nombreuses en Languedoc méditerranéen. Le choix de ce territoire regroupant cinq anciens évêchés (Agde, Béziers, Lodève, Maguelonne et Narbonne) permet une meilleure compréhension de cette architecture, en s’appuyant sur un corpus qui regroupe trente-cinq monuments. Les édifices se distinguent par la forme simple de leur plan, composé d’une nef unique, terminée par un chevet quadrangulaire. Ce type architectural n’est pas propre à l’aire géographique étudiée puisqu’il s’observe, notamment, en Catalogne et en Croatie. Les recherches concernant les sanctuaires se sont tout d’abord développées dans le cadre régional par le biais des sociétés archéologiques et la mise en place de plusieurs chantiers de fouille. L’étude de ces constructions trouve un intérêt, sinon nouveau, du moins renouvelé par un essai d’approche de l’organisation du territoire durant le haut Moyen Âge, avec la notion de maillage paroissial ainsi que le rôle des églises parmi les différents phénomènes de polarisation de l’habitat (incastellamento et encellulement). L’étude précise de la structure rudimentaire des édifices laisse entrevoir l’impact des pratiques cultuelles sur la distribution des espaces et l’importance d’un élément architectonique : l’arc triomphal, support privilégié d’un décor sculpté, toujours discret. / Rural churches set up between the IXth and the beginning of the XIth century are relatively numerous in Mediterranean Languedoc. The choice of this area that brings together five old bishoprics enables a better understanding of this architecture, relying on a corpus of thirty-five monuments. These buildings are characterized by the simple shape of their plan, made up of an only nave, ended by a quadrangular chevet. This architectural style is not specific to the studied area, it is also observed in Catalonia and Croatia. Researches on sanctuaries first developed though regional archaeological associations and the setting up of several excavations. The study of these constructions finds a new interest through an approach of territory organization during the Early Middle Ages, with a notion of parish network as well as the role of churches among the numerous phenomena of housing concentration (incastellamento and cloistering). The accurate study of the rudimentary structure of these buildings lets us catch a glimpse of the impact of worship practices on space distribution and the importance of an architectonic element: the triumphal arch, preferred stand for sculptures, always discreet.

J'étudie la gestion des zones humides et des étangs du Bas-Languedoc durant la période médiévale, en mettant en avant les relations entre la ville de Montpellier et son arrière-pays lagunaire. Mes recherches présentent les différentes juridictions qui possédaient des droits sur la lagune, et la manière dont elles organisaient les exploitations en accord avec les acteurs locaux. J'étudie ainsi l'exploitation des étangs, que ce soit pour la pêche, l'exploitation du sel ou pour la navigation. / My studies are on the management of the Bas Languedoc’s lagoon during the Middle Ages and particularly the interaction between the town of Montpellier and its hinterland. My research shows the many jurisdictions of the waters and shores and how the overlords share the rights related to the management of this area. I also study the conditions of the operation of the ponds (fishing, hunting, salt farming and navigation).

Centrée sur l’étude des activités visant à produire du métal (extraction et traitement des minerais), cette thèse cherche à mieux caractériser l’évolution de la production de métal (cuivre, plomb, argent, fer) entre le IVème s. av. n. è. et le Vème s. de n. è. en Languedoc occidental (Aude, Hérault, Sud de l’Aveyron). Il s’agit en particulier de s’interroger sur la situation de l’économie minière au second âge du Fer et l’impact technique et socio-économique de la conquête romaine sur cette activité à partir de la fin du IIème s. av. n. è. Cette thèse comprend trois volets. Dans un premier temps, une lecture critique des données recueillies depuis les années 1960-1970 par l’archéologie du métal apporte un nouvel éclairage sur les nombreux décalages engendrés par une documentation de qualité inégale. Elle montre la nécessité d’une nouvelle étude archéologique englobant deux des principales régions minières du Languedoc occidental, le versant sud de la Montagne Noire et les Corbières (Aude). Présentée dans un second volet, cette étude combine une approche extensive, reposant sur un large travail prospectif, et une analyse détaillée de plusieurs sites de production, faisant appel à l’archéométrie. Elle précise la chronologie et l’organisation des activités minières et métallurgiques, les modalités techniques d’exploitation des gisements et la nature des métaux produits. Dans un troisième volet, la mise en perspective de l’ensemble des résultats obtenus avec l’évolution économique et socio-politique du Languedoc occidental entre le IVème s. av. n. è. et le Vème s. de n. è. permet de proposer un scénario global de l’histoire de l’économie minière dans l’espace considéré. / This Ph-D thesis is focuses on the study of the production of metal (extraction and processing of ores). Its aim is to specify the evolution of the metal production (copper, lead, silver, iron) between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AC in Languedoc occidental (Aude, Hérault, south of Aveyron). We want to wonder more particularly on the situation of mining economy during the second Iron Age and the technical and economical impact of the Roman conquest on this activity from the end of the 2nd century BC. This thesis includes three parts. At first, an analysis of the bibliography (1960-2000) give a new perspective about the documentation and its problems. It shows the necessity to engage a new archaeological study in two of most importants mining region of Languedoc occidental : the south hillside of the Montagne Noire and the Corbières (Aude). Introduced in the second part of the Ph-D thesis, this study combine an extensive approach, based on a large scale survey, and an archaeological and archaeometrical analysis of some production sites. This study specify the chronology and the organisation of mining and metallurgical activities, the technical methods of miners and metallurgists and the metals produced. In a third part, the confrontation of the results with the economical and political evolution of the Languedoc occidental between the 4th century BC and 5th century AC allows to propose a global scenario of the history of the metal production in the considered area.

Dans le Bas-Languedoc de la seconde moitié du XIVe siècle, avec l’aggravation de la guerre franco-anglaise, l’insécurité devient permanente à cause de l’incursion des armées anglo-gasconnes et du pillage des routiers, et augmentent les exigences royales liées à l’état de guerre : fortification, mobilisation et taxation. Quel impact la guerre a-t-elle sur le village ? Comment les villageois répondent-ils à ce nouvel environnement caractérisé par l’insécurité montante et par la pression accrue de la fiscalité royale ? La guerre ne suscite-t-elle pas une profonde transformation de la société villageoise ? Notre thèse a pour objectif d’éclaircir le fonctionnement et le changement du gouvernement villageois face à la guerre dans la seconde moitié du XIVe siècle. Nous avons choisi comme les objets centraux de notre recherche deux villages : Sérignan et Vendres. Ceux-ci se trouvent à proximité de Béziers, dans le Biterrois, au centre du Bas-Languedoc. Avant tout, ces deux villages conservent les comptes consulaires les plus volumineux du Biterrois de la seconde moitié du XIVe siècle, qui contiennent de riches renseignements sur la société, en général, et des individus, en particulier. En vue d’étudier le village en guerre, se posent quatre pistes de recherche : 1. Actions défensives de la communauté villageoise ; 2. Emprise de la guerre sur les finances villageoises ; 3. Politique et administration au sein du village ; 4. Relations extérieures de la communauté villageoise. Les valeurs du gouvernement villageois dans le Biterrois de la seconde moitié du XIVe siècle peuvent être résumées en trois mots : liberté, équité, généralité. C’est-à-dire la liberté politique contre les pouvoirs extérieurs, l’équité fiscale au sein de la communauté, le consensus général entre les habitants. / In Bas-Languedoc of the latter half of the XIVth century, with the aggravation of the French-English war, the insecurity becomes normalized because of the incursion of the Anglo-Gascon army and of the pillage of the campaigners, and the royal demands ― fortification, mobilization and taxation ― increase in relation with the state of war. What impact does the war make on the village? How do the villagers respond to this new and unprecedented environment characterized by the mounting insecurity and the huge pressure of the royal taxation? Doesn’t the war spark off a profound transformation of the village society? The objective of our thesis is to shed light on the functioning and the reorganizing of village government in face of the war during the latter half of the XIVth century. We have chosen as the central objects of our research two villages: Sérignan and Vendres. These are situated near Béziers, in Biterrois, in the middle of Bas-Languedoc. Above all, these two villages conserve the consular account books, which are the most voluminous in Biterrois of the latter half of the XIVth century and contain rich and significant information about the society and individual villagers. In order to study the villages in wartime, we take four courses of research: 1. defensive actions of the village community; 2. influence of the war on the village finance; 3. politics and administration inside the village; 4. external relations of the village community. The values of village government in Biterrois of the latter half of the XIVth century can be summarized in three words: liberty, equity, and ‘‘generality’’. That is to say, the political liberty against external powers, the fiscal equity inside the community, and the general consensus among inhabitants.