Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:21:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1743136 bytes, checksum: 691548bbf7c48feb134408fcb743336e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The lanthanide complexes have been extensively applied in several fields of knowledge. Most of these applications depend on the catalytic and spectroscopic properties of trivalent lanthanide ions. In this context, this work involves the synthesis of two classes of two-functionalized ligands between bases of nitrogen and β-diketones (classes A and B) order at future applications as catalysts for organic reactions and / or chemical sensors. The Class A, β-diketone linked to bidentate nitrogen ligands such as 2,2 -bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline were designed for this work, however no success was obtained in the last step of the synthesis. Three mixed β-diketones and pyridine ligands: 1,3-phenyl-(4-pyridyl)-propane-1,3 dione (12) (Class A), 1,3-methyl-2-(4-pyridyl)-propane-1 ,3-dione (16) and 1,3-diphenyl-2-(4-pyridyl)-propane-1 ,3-dione (17) (class B) were obtained with moderate yields. All synthesized intermediates and synthesized ligands were characterized by mass spectrometry, 1H and 13C NMR. The complex tris-β-diketonates of Eu3+ and Gd3+ were synthesized with the ligand 12. The ability of the ligand to donate energy to the lanthanide ions was evaluated by the luminescence spectra of the complex between 12 and Gd3+ ion, where it was observed that the ligand acts as "antenna" very efficient, sensitizing the luminescence of the metal center. From the complex of ligand 12 with the spectroscopic properties of Eu3+ complex formed were investigated based on data obtained from emission, excitation spectras and decay curves luminescence. From the emission spectra was possible to obtain a series of spectroscopic parameters for the complex of the Eu3+ ion where it was noticed the absence of the bands related to the fluorescence and / or phosphorescence of the ligand, suggesting that the processes of energy transfer from ligand to the excited levels of the metal center are very efficient. / Os complexos de íons lantanídeos vêm sendo intensivamente aplicados em diversas áreas do conhecimento. A maioria dessas aplicações depende das propriedades catalíticas e espectroscópicas dos íons lantanídeos trivalentes. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho envolve a síntese de duas classes de ligantes bifuncionalizados com bases nitrogenadas e β-dicetonas (classes A e B), visando futuras aplicações como catalisadores para reações orgânicas e/ ou sensores químicos. Da classe A, compostos mistos de β-dicetonas e ligantes bidentados nitrogenados, como 2,2 -bipiridina e 1,10-fenantrolina foram projetados, entretanto não obteve-se sucesso na última etapa da síntese. Três ligantes mistos de β-dicetonas e piridina,1-fenil-3-(4-piridil)-propano-1,3 diona (12) (classe A), 1,3-metil-2-(4-piridil)-propano-1,3-diona (16) e 1,3-difenil-2-(4-piridil)-propano-1,3-diona (17) (classe B), foram obtidos com rendimentos moderados. Todos os intermediários de síntese e ligantes sintetizados foram caracterizados por espectrometria de massa, RMN de 1H e 13C. Os complexos tris-β-dicetonatos de Eu3+ e Gd3+ foram sintetizados com o ligante 12. A capacidade do ligante 12 em doar energia para os íons lantanídeos foi avaliada através dos espectros de luminescência do complexo com íon Gd3+, onde observou-se que o ligante 12 atua como uma antena muito eficiente, sensibilizando a luminescência do centro metálico. A partir do complexo do ligante 12 com Eu3+ as propriedades espectroscópicas do complexo formado foram investigadas com base nos dados obtidos a partir dos espectros de emissão, excitação e curvas de decaimento de luminescência. A partir dos espectros de emissão foi possível obter uma série de parâmetros espectroscópicos para o complexo do íon Eu3+, onde percebeu-se a ausência das bandas referentes à fluorescência e/ou fosforescência do ligante, sugerindo que os processos de transferência de energia do ligante para os níveis excitados do centro metálico são muito eficientes.

L’application de la photoluminescence suscite un intérêt croissant de la part des chercheurs et ceci dans de nombreux domaines. Dans notre cas, différents complexes à base de lanthanide seront détectés par une méthode spectrophotométrique avancée, la fluorescence résolue en temps. Ces derniers peuvent être ainsi détectés même à l’état de traces au sein des milieux complexes tel que ceux rencontrés dans l’industrie pétrolière (saumures, traces de pétrole, éléments solides en suspension, etc.). L'utilisation de la détection de fluorescence résolue en temps combinée à des complexes de lanthanides a été démontrée comme une stratégie simple et efficace pour éliminer la fluorescence de fond des matrices présentes dans le milieu étudié et fournir un rapport signal sur bruit élevé. Le sujet de cette thèse consiste à répondre avec les outils précédents à différentes problématique existants au sein de l’industrie pétrolière, de l’extraction du pétrole au processus de marquage de différents produits raffinés à des fins commerciales. Dans la première partie du manuscrit décrira différents protocoles capables d’extraire de l’information de différents additifs chimiques employés sur les champs pétrolifères lors de l’extraction de pétrole et de gaz. Les additifs en questions peuvent être des inhibiteurs de dépôts minéraux, des inhibiteurs de corrosion, des polymères viscoélastiques, dans différentes eaux de synthèse et de production issues de différentes plateformes. Les impacts de certains facteurs ont été analysés afin d’améliorer la sensibilité et les performances. Nous démontrerons la possibilité de quantifier avec succès la teneur résiduelle de différents types d'additifs chimiques. L'effet de matrice de l’échantillon a été limité par le développement de deux stratégies d'addition standard. Nous montrerons par ailleurs qu’il est possible de quantifier la présence non seulement d’un additif mais encore, dans certaines situations optimisées, de deux additifs en mélange. Outre la détermination de la concentration en additifs chimiques, nous présenterons également une méthode permettant de déterminer l’anionicité d’un polymère en milieu complexe. Dans la deuxième partie du document, nous détaillerons le développement de complexes de lanthanides utilisés en tant que marqueurs ainsi que la méthode de détection par fluorescence résolue en temps visant à la lutte contre la contrefaçon de différents pétroles bruts et de carburants raffinés. La synthèse et le processus d’incorporation de trois types de marqueurs de photoluminescence et leur stabilité dans différents carburants seront ensuite discutés. Les résultats obtenus démontrent qu’il est possible, à l’aide de cette technologie de marquage, de détecter efficacement les fraudes à la taxe dans les carburants, même à haute dilution. Ces travaux présente potentiellement un fort impact dans les domaines académiques comme industriels. Toutes les études se concentrent sur la mise au point d’une procédure simple, qui fournit une sensibilité élevée permettant de réduire le coût de production et qui repose sur l’emploi du fluorimètre résolu en temps Inibox™ développé pendant ma thèse pour porter sur le terrain les technologies développé au laboratoire / The application of photoluminescence is receiving an increasing interest from researchers coming from many fields. The previous laboratory works introduced a time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) detection method for the quantification of chemicals in complex medium (petroleum, production brine, and synthetic sea water) tagged with lanthanides, the additives form complexes that exhibit specific TRF signal which overcomes autofluorescence of sample and provide a high signal to noise ratio. The subject of this thesis concerns the development of specific methods based on patented technique to answer problematics arising in the oil industry from the extraction of crude product to the distribution of fuels. In the first part of the document, we focus on the monitoring of residual amount of chemical additives such as scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, viscoelastic polymers in different synthetic and production waters. The impacts of some key factors were analyzed in order to improve the sensitivity and performance, also proves that under optimized conditions it is possible to quantify simultaneously two products in the same matrix. We successfully quantified various types of chemical additives with satisfying precision. Furthermore, the matrix effect was controlled by the development of two standard addition strategies. In addition to the determination of the concentration of chemical additives, we will also introduce a method to determine the anionicity of a polymer in difficult conditions. In the second part of the manuscript we follow the development of lanthanide complex markers and their detection for anti-counterfeiting on different crude oils and refined fuels. The synthesis, incorporation process and stability of three types of photoluminescence markers in different fuels have been discussed. The obtained results will prove that the technology can be used to detect fraud on fuels. This work has a potential great impact for both the academic and industrial domains. All studies focus on the creation of a simple procedure, with high sensitivity and low cost. All method are relying in the end on a specific field apparatus developed during my thesis to support the exportation of the technologies from the laboratory to the industry: The Inibox™