Universiẗat, Diss., 2002--Kiel.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Neste trabalho estudamos o operador de Laplace-Beltrami definido em variedades Riemannianas. AlÃm do espectro de tal operador, apresentamos tambÃm algumas de suas propriedades, como o fato deste operador ser auto adjunto e nÃo negativo. Nosso objetivo principal consiste em analisar a existÃncia de autovalores para o operador de Laplace-Beltrami, sob determinadas condiÃÃes, em superfÃcies que sÃo grÃficos de funÃÃes radiais, definida sobre todo o plano, ou seja, superfÃcies nÃo compactas de revoluÃao. Esta dissertaÃÃo se baseia no artigo On the spectrum of the Laplace-Beltrami Operator on a Non-Compact Surface" de Takao Tayoshi ( Comm. By Kinjir^o Kunugi, M. J. A., Feb. 12,1971). Para realizaÃÃo desse trabalho foram introduzidos conceitos bÃsicos de anÃlise funcional com destaque para o estudo de espaÃos de Hilbert e a teoria espectral de operadores auto adjuntos, geometria riemanniana em superfÃcies e equaÃÃes diferenciais parciais, em particular resultados para operadores elÃpticos de segunda ordem. AlÃm disso, se fizeram necessÃrios alguns resultados de matemÃtica avanÃada. / In this work we study the Laplace-Beltrami operator defined on Riemannian manifolds. In addition to the spectrum of such an operator, we also present some of its properties, such as the fact that this operator is self-adjoint and non-negative. Our main goal is to analyze the existence of eigenvalues for the Laplace-Beltrami operator, under certain conditions, for exemple, surfaces that are complete graphs of radial functions, which is a revolution non-compact surfaces. This dissertation is based on the article "On the spectrum of the Laplace-Beltrami Operator on the Non-Compact Surface"of Takao Tayoshi(Comm. By Kinjiro Kunugi, MJA, Feb. 12, 1971). To perform this work were introduced basics concepts of functional analysis, with emphasis on the study of Hilbert spaces and the spectral theory of self-adjoint operators, Riemannian Geometry in surfaces and Partial Differential Equations, in particular results for elliptic operators of second order.In addition, were needed some results for advanced mathematics.

Es wird sowohl das klassischen Kreisproblem als auch dessen Verallgemeinerung auf geometrisch endliche Fuchssche Gruppen betrachten. Insbesondere werden obere und untere Schranken für die jeweiligen Zählfunktionen angeben. Mit einem Computerprogramm wird die Zählfunktion einer Heckegruppe bestimmt und damit eine Abschätzung ihres Konvergenzexponenten gegeben.

In this thesis, we bring forward the study of the spectral properties of graphs and we extend this theory for chemical hypergraphs, a new class of hypergraphs that model chemical reaction networks.

As a first aspect the thesis treats existence results of the perturbed eigenvalue problem of the 1-Laplace operator. This is done with the aid of a quite general critical point theory results with the genus as topological index. Moreover we show that the eigenvalues of the perturbed 1-Laplace operator converge to the eigenvalues of the unperturebed 1-Laplace operator when the perturbation goes to zero. As a second aspect we treat the eigenvalue problems of the vectorial 1-Laplace operator and the symmetrized 1-Laplace operator. And as a third aspect certain related parabolic problems are considered.

We give an Ansatz to construct pairs of locally homogeneous nearly Kaehler manifolds that are isospectral for the Dirac and the Hodge Laplace operator in dimensions higher than six and investigate the existence of generic isospectral pairs in dimension six.

Le contexte est la géométrie discrète dans Zn. Il s'agit de décrire les courbes et surfaces discrètes composées de voxels: les définitions usuelles de droites et plans discrets épais se comportent mal quand on passe à des ensembles courbes. Comment garantir un bon comportement topologique, les connexités requises, dans une situation qui généralise les droites et plans discrets?Le calcul de données sur ces courbes, normales, tangentes, courbure, ou des fonctions plus générales, fait appel à des moyennes utilisant des masques. Une question est la pertinence théorique et pratique de ces masques. Une voie explorée, est le calcul de masques fondés sur la marche aléatoire. Une marche aléatoire partant d'un centre donné sur une courbe ou une surface discrète, permet d'affecter à chaque autre voxel un poids, le temps moyen de visite. Ce noyau permet de calculer des moyennes et par là, des dérivées. L'étude du comportement de ce processus de diffusion, a permis de retrouver des outils classiques de géométrie sur des surfaces maillées, et de fournir des estimateurs de tangente et de courbure performants. La diversité du champs d'applications de ce processus de diffusion a été mise en avant, retrouvant ainsi des méthodes classiques mais avec une base théorique identique.} motsclefs{Processus Markovien, Géométrie discrète, Estimateur tangentes, normales, courbure, Noyau de diffusion, Analyse d'images / The context of discrete geometry is in Zn. We propose to discribe discrete curves and surfaces composed of voxels: how to compute classical notions of analysis as tangent and normals ? Computation of data on discrete curves use average mask. A large amount of works proposed to study the pertinence of those masks. We propose to compute an average mask based on random walk. A random walk starting from a point of a curve or a surface, allow to give a weight, the time passed on each point. This kernel allow us to compute average and derivative. The studied of this digital process allow us to recover classical notions of geometry on meshes surfaces, and give accuracy estimator of tangent and curvature. We propose a large field of applications of this approach recovering classical tools using in transversal communauty of discrete geometry, with a same theorical base.

In [2], Beals, Gaveau and Greiner find the fundamental solution to a 2-Laplace-type equation in a class of sub-Riemannian spaces. This fundamental solution is based on the well-known fundamental solution to the p-Laplace equation in Grushin-type spaces [4] and the Heisenberg group [6]. In this thesis, we look to generalize the work in [2] for a p-Laplace-type equation. After discovering that the "natural" generalization fails, we find two generalizations whose solutions are based on the fundamental solution to the p-Laplace equation.

In der vorliegenden Dissertation werden endlichdimensionale Räume multivariater Polynome in N Variablen mit der Laguerre-, Hermite- bzw. Legendrenorm versehen. Dabei sei der Höchstgrad der Polynome oder die Summe der Grade der Variablen durch eine natürliche Zahl n nach oben beschränkt. Wir betrachten auf diesen Räumen den Laplaceoperator und zwei weitere partielle Differentialoperatoren und interessieren uns für das Verhalten der von den Polynomnormen induzierten Operatornormen dieser Operatoren, wenn n gegen unendlich strebt. Im Fall der Laguerre- und Legendrenorm werden asymptotische obere und untere Schranken der Operatornormen hergeleitet. Im Fall der Hermitenorm kann sogar eine asymptotische Formel gezeigt werden, wenn man voraussetzt, dass der Höchstgrad der Poynome duch n beschränkt ist.

In dieser Arbeit setzen wir uns mit der Ph.D. Thesis von Luis Silvestre auseinander, in welcher er das Hindernisproblem für den gebrochenen Laplace Operator behandelt hat. Das Ziel war es seine Arbeit nachzuvollziehen und seine Beweise vollständig auszuformulieren. Dabei haben wir uns auf die Existenz der Lösung und erste Regularitätsresultate beschränkt.