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La baie d’Alger, une entité paysagère unique entre enjeux politiques, économiques et aménagement / The bay of Algiers, between political and economic issues and the urban development of a unique landscapeChemrouk, Ouassim 26 June 2018 (has links)
Avec une configuration en amphithéâtre ouvert sur la mer et une localisation au centre de la rive sud de la méditerranée, la baie d’Alger semble avoir été prédestinée à exposer et représenter l’image de la ville. Ainsi, toutes les interventions sur l’image de la ville ont eu pour corollaire la transformation de sa baie. C’est donc, sans surprise que le nouveau plan stratégique de la wilaya d’Alger a été articulé autour « du collier de perles » de la baie. Cette dernière serait parée de projets iconiques et structurants qui renforceraient l’attractivité de la ville sur l’échiquier des métropoles méditerranéennes. Considérant l’introduction de ces nouveaux projets comme une opportunité pour une investigation profonde du développement urbain de la wilaya d’Alger, cette recherche doctorale commence par démontrer qu’il existe bien une tradition de grands projets à Alger. Cependant, pour diverses raisons, ces projets ne sont que partiellement réalisés et la ville semble évoluer par à-coups au gré des différentes conjonctures du moment. En se basant sur trois projets emblématiques en cours de réalisation - Le projet de délocalisation partielle du port et de reconquête des friches, celui de la grande promenade de la baie et celui de la grande mosquée d’Alger, Jamā El Jazā’ir- la recherche montre que cette tradition perdure malgré le poids des contraintes environnementales et sociétales. En conclusion, la recherche montre que derrière des ambitions souvent idéologiques, il y a néanmoins, aujourd’hui à Alger, une volonté réelle de valorisation du potentiel patrimonial culturel et naturel. / Summary With its amphitheater configuration that opens to the sea and its location in the center of the southern shore of the Mediterranean, the bay of Algiers seems to have been predestined to expose and represent the image of the city. Thus, all the interventions on the image of the city seem to have had as a corollary, the transformation of its bay. It is then, without any surprise, that Algiers' new strategic development plan was articulated around a "pearl necklace" around the bay. The latter was to be adorned with iconic and structuring projects that would strengthen the attractiveness of the city among the Mediterranean cities. Considering the introduction of these new projects as an opportunity for a deep investigation of the city’s development, this doctoral research begins by demonstrating that there is a tradition for large projects in Algiers. However, for various reasons, these projects are generally only partially realized and the city seems to evolve in a quite spontaneous manner and in response to day-to-day needs and circumstances. Based on three emblematic projects in progress - The relocation of the port and the waterfront's development, the great promenade of the Bay and that of the great mosque of Algiers, Jamā El Jazā'ir- the research shows that this tradition continues despite environmental and societal constraints. In conclusion, this research shows that behind ideological ambitions, there is now, in Algiers, a real willingness to enhance cultural and natural heritage potential.
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Progress in Transferable Work-load Projects : Development of a Robust Method for the Evaluation and Forecasting of Distributed Progress / Avancement dans les projets partagés : élaboration de méthodes robustes d’évaluation et de prévision de l’avancement distribuéKhalid, Rameez 02 October 2009 (has links)
Mesurer l'avancement de gros projets est toujours difficile car la charge de travail est partagée entre les départements d'une entreprise ou même entre des entreprises réparties dans le monde. La littérature de niveau recherche sur la gestion des projets a été passée en revue pour découvrir les différentes techniques applicables. Les outils largement utilisés pour prévoir et mesurer l'avancement des projets, comme la méthode de la valeur acquise (Earned Value Analysis), Progress Plot, Milestone and Resource slip charts, Concurrent Engineering, peuvent être utilisés. Le problème étudié est lié à l'industrie pharmaceutique où de nouveaux traitements ou médicaments sont développés, et où l'efficacité d'un traitement médical est testée sur des patients répartis à travers le monde. Beaucoup de variables augmentent la complexité et l'ambiguïté du problème étudié. L'objectif principal est d'analyser l'efficacité d'une solution dans différentes situations au cours du projet, de sorte que la durée soit la plus réduite possible, et que les objectifs soit atteints au moindre coût. Les résultats suggèrent que la relocalisation des patients dans les pays produit de meilleurs résultats en terme d'avancement de projet / In large projects measuring progress is always difficult due to the complexities involved, because the realization is shared among departments of a firm or even between firms disseminated all over the world. Project management and operations research literature is reviewed for discovering various techniques applicable. Widely used tools for progress measurement and forecasting, such as Earned Value Analysis, Progress Plot, Milestone and Resource slip charts, concurrent engineering, can be employed. This thesis is based on a problem of pharmaceutical industry where the effectiveness of a certain medical treatment is examined on patients in a number of countries. The number of variables involved increase the complexity of this problem. The main objective is to analyze the effectiveness of a solution in different situations during the project such that a better project duration and a lower cost can be achieved. Our findings suggest that reallocation of patients among countries produces better results in terms of progress
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Contratos de construção de grandes obras / Construction contracts of large projectsCarmo, Lie Uema do 01 June 2012 (has links)
A presente tese examina os contratos de construção de grandes obras e a complexidade do seu programa contratual. Contrato de construção em sentido amplo é aquele celebrado entre o proprietário ou dono da obra, como contratante, e uma pessoa física ou jurídica especializada em engenharia ou arquitetura, como contratada, a qual, em contrapartida ao preço, obriga-se à consecução de um ou mais dos seguintes objetos: elaboração do projeto de engenharia ou arquitetura, execução, supervisão, monitoramento e administração da obra, e ainda, se convencionado, prestação de assistência técnica e operação. O exame concentra-se nas construções das categorias industrial e de engenharia, que desenvolvem projetos de porte e enfrentam desafios técnicos, tecnológicos e financeiros elevados, tais como as obras de infraestrutura e de plantas industriais. Por contratos de construção de grandes obras entende-se um gênero (ou categoria) sob o qual pode subsumir-se uma variedade de contratos que tenham por objeto a prestação, mediata ou imediata, de uma obra. Incluem-se nesse gênero contratos típicos, como os de prestação de serviços de engenharia e arquitetura e o de empreitada, e ainda aqueles atípicos, como os de engineering, procurement and construction, project alliancing e project partnering, dentre outros. A tese identifica a estrutura jurídica e as principais características econômico-financeiras de contratos de construção de grandes obras e investiga as fontes da complexidade do seu programa contratual. Reconhecendo-se o contrato de construção de grandes obras como dotado de complexidade, argumenta-se que a complexidade contratual é relevante, com consequências jurídicas, econômicas e sociais que merecem reflexão. / This dissertation thesis investigates construction contracts and the complexity of the written contract. A construction contract, broadly defined, is the arrangement executed by and between the owner, as principal, and a natural person or a legal entity specialized in engineering or achitecture, as a contractor, who, against compensation, shall deliver one or more of the following objects: an engineering or architecture project, construction, monitoring and management of the works and, if agreed upon, shall render technical assistance and operation. The focus is limited to the construction in the industrial and engineering sectors, in charge of developing large projects that face significant technical, tecnological and financial challenges, such as infrastructure and industrial facilities. Construction contracts of large projects serves as a gender encompassing a broad variety of contracts aimed at delivering a project. The gender includes tipified contracts such as the rendering of services of engineering and architecture and the empreitada, and non-tipified ones, such as the engineering, procurement and construction contract, project alliancing and project partnering, among others. The thesis delineates the legal structure and the main economic and financial characteristics of construction contracts and investigates the sources of their contractual complexity. After recognizing the complexity embedded in the contruction document, it argues that contractual complexity is a relevant issue, with legal, economic and social consequences upon which further thoughts are worthwhile.
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Contratos de construção de grandes obras / Construction contracts of large projectsLie Uema do Carmo 01 June 2012 (has links)
A presente tese examina os contratos de construção de grandes obras e a complexidade do seu programa contratual. Contrato de construção em sentido amplo é aquele celebrado entre o proprietário ou dono da obra, como contratante, e uma pessoa física ou jurídica especializada em engenharia ou arquitetura, como contratada, a qual, em contrapartida ao preço, obriga-se à consecução de um ou mais dos seguintes objetos: elaboração do projeto de engenharia ou arquitetura, execução, supervisão, monitoramento e administração da obra, e ainda, se convencionado, prestação de assistência técnica e operação. O exame concentra-se nas construções das categorias industrial e de engenharia, que desenvolvem projetos de porte e enfrentam desafios técnicos, tecnológicos e financeiros elevados, tais como as obras de infraestrutura e de plantas industriais. Por contratos de construção de grandes obras entende-se um gênero (ou categoria) sob o qual pode subsumir-se uma variedade de contratos que tenham por objeto a prestação, mediata ou imediata, de uma obra. Incluem-se nesse gênero contratos típicos, como os de prestação de serviços de engenharia e arquitetura e o de empreitada, e ainda aqueles atípicos, como os de engineering, procurement and construction, project alliancing e project partnering, dentre outros. A tese identifica a estrutura jurídica e as principais características econômico-financeiras de contratos de construção de grandes obras e investiga as fontes da complexidade do seu programa contratual. Reconhecendo-se o contrato de construção de grandes obras como dotado de complexidade, argumenta-se que a complexidade contratual é relevante, com consequências jurídicas, econômicas e sociais que merecem reflexão. / This dissertation thesis investigates construction contracts and the complexity of the written contract. A construction contract, broadly defined, is the arrangement executed by and between the owner, as principal, and a natural person or a legal entity specialized in engineering or achitecture, as a contractor, who, against compensation, shall deliver one or more of the following objects: an engineering or architecture project, construction, monitoring and management of the works and, if agreed upon, shall render technical assistance and operation. The focus is limited to the construction in the industrial and engineering sectors, in charge of developing large projects that face significant technical, tecnological and financial challenges, such as infrastructure and industrial facilities. Construction contracts of large projects serves as a gender encompassing a broad variety of contracts aimed at delivering a project. The gender includes tipified contracts such as the rendering of services of engineering and architecture and the empreitada, and non-tipified ones, such as the engineering, procurement and construction contract, project alliancing and project partnering, among others. The thesis delineates the legal structure and the main economic and financial characteristics of construction contracts and investigates the sources of their contractual complexity. After recognizing the complexity embedded in the contruction document, it argues that contractual complexity is a relevant issue, with legal, economic and social consequences upon which further thoughts are worthwhile.
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Grandes projetos e transformações sociais: os efeitos provocados pela mineradora Galvani no município de Lagamar MGSilva, João Fernandes da 28 March 2011 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research is the result of a survey mostly conducted in Lagamar - MG to detect the
opinion of people who are directly and indirectly involved with the city both in the
countryside and in town. The work aims at showing the definition of Large Projects in the
conception of different authors, and the definition of Territory and the changes caused due to
the installation of Galvani Miner in Lagamar in 1996. The concepts used gave theoretical
support to the understanding of the effects of large investments from several points of view.
The impacts on the city will be revealed, both on social/economic issues and changes on
space. A historical and geographical survey of Lagamar is presented, and the main concerns
of the population about a possible end of the extraction and the changes to occur are focused
as well. / Este trabalho é fruto de uma pesquisa realizada com maior concentração no município
de Lagamar MG, no sentido de detectar a opinião das pessoas direta e indiretamente
envolvidas com o município tanto no campo como na cidade. De acordo com os
levantamentos realizados, o trabalho visa mostrar a definição de Grandes Projetos na
concepção de diferentes autores, e a definição de Território e as transformações causadas com
a instalação da mineradora Galvani no Município de Lagamar a partir do ano de 1996. Os
conceitos utilizados deram suporte teórico para o entendimento dos efeitos provocados por
grandes investimentos sob diversos pontos de vista. Serão mostrados os impactos provocados
no município com a instalação da mineradora, tanto no que tange às questões econômicas e
sociais como às mudanças no espaço. É apresentado um levantamento histórico e geográfico
do Município de Lagamar, além de serem focalizadas as principais preocupações da
população lagamarense quanto a um possível término da extração do município e as
mudanças ocorridas. / Mestre em Geografia
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Do Fixo ao Fluxo: Expressões da Acumulação Rentista-patrimonial Ampliada na Produção do Espaço da Metrópole de RecifeNascimento, Alexandre Sabino do 18 August 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-08-18 / FACEPE / Grandes empresas e grupos econômicos, dentro do atual processo de reprodução ampliada do capital e de seu regime de acumulação com dominância da valorização financeira, requerem, cada vez mais, grandes negócios (megaprojetos, megaeventos), e esses só são viáveis em parceria com o Estado. Esta relação, com o tempo, torna-se mais complexa e envolve uma série de inovações em arranjos político-institucionais e espaciais. Assim, questionou-se se grandes obras ligadas à reestruturação do espaço metropolitano implementadas na Região Metropolitana do Recife - RMR podiam ser consideradas expressões de uma acumulação rentista-patrimonial ampliada entre o Estado e diferentes frações do capital, amplificando a unidade contraditória entre fixos e fluxos própria da reprodução do capital contemporâneo. Para responder a essa, questão buscou-se demonstrar as ações do Estado e o seu papel na concentração e centralização do capital nas mãos de oligarquias econômicas, neste caso, grupos econômicos nacionais ligados à produção do espaço (construção civil) e ao capital financeiro, e em assegurar importantes condições econômicas e extraeconômicas para a acumulação, com o uso dos fundos públicos, créditos subsidiados, incentivos fiscais, terras entre outros. Identificou-se que setores como o da construção civil ganham com o crescimento da economia nacional que leva à busca por investimentos em capital fixo, que também ocorre em períodos de crises econômicas do sistema capitalista. Optou-se por uma pesquisa do tipo qualitativa, explicativa, documental e bibliográfica. Fundamenta-se aqui na compreensão de que urbanização, modernização, política econômica e o planejamento são realidades sociais, e que toda realidade social é espacial e historicamente determinada. Na organização da exposição da tese, optou-se por seguir o método regressivo-progressivo de H. Lefebvre. Entende-se, nesta pesquisa, que os grandes negócios da produção do espaço têm como principais beneficiados as grandes empreiteiras “As Campeãs Nacionais”. Analisaram-se os grandes projetos: Cidade da Copa/Arena Itaipava; Rota dos Coqueiros e Cidade Saneada como representativos de uma “nova” articulação entre o público e o privado dentro do processo chamado por nós de acumulação rentista-patrimonial ampliada entre Estado e capital. Assim, o estudo focou-se na reestruturação econômica e espacial da RMR ligadas a esses projetos e concluiu que este processo é produto da concorrência global capitalista agora movida por um amplo processo de financeirização da economia mundial, fruto de um ajuste espaço temporal do sistema e sua ligação com a produção do espaço, e também representa uma coalizão de interesses entre frações do capital nacionais e locais representantes de grupos econômicos ligados ao setor da construção civil, via arranjos político-institucionais e espaciais como concessões e parcerias público-privadas, financiamentos de longo prazo e participações no capital social de um número seleto de empresas do setor da construção pesada ligadas a grandes holdings nacionais, agentes esses capazes de manipular o fundo público via poder político e econômico, dentro de um contexto de imbricação de escalas geográficas. / Major companies and economic groups, within the current expanded reproduction process of the capital and its accumulation regime with dominance of financial valuation, require, increasingly, major business (mega projects, mega-events), and those can only be feasible in partnership with the State. This relationship, over time, becomes more complex and includes a number of innovations in political-institutional and spatial arrangements. Thus, the question has been raised as to whether great works connected to the restructuring process of the metropolitan space implemented in the Metropolitan Region of Recife – MRR could be considered as expressions of an expanded patrimonial rentier accumulation among the State and different fractions of the capital, amplifying the contradictory unity between ‘’fix and flows’’ peculiar of the reproduction of the contemporary capital. To solve this question efforts have been made to demonstrate the actions of the State and its role regarding the concentration and centralization of the capital in the hands of economic oligarchies, in this case, national economic groups connected to space production (building construction) and to the financial capital, and to assure important economic and extra-economic conditions for accumulation, using public funds, subsidized credit, tax incentives, lands and others. It has been identified that sectors such as building construction gain from the growth of the national economy, leading to the search for investments in fixed capital, which also occurs in times of economic crises of the capitalist system. It has been chosen a qualitative, explanatory, documentary and bibliographic type of research. It is based here on the understanding that urbanization, modernization, economic policy and planning are social realities, and that all social reality is spatially and historically determined. In the organization of the thesis exhibition it was chosen to follow the regressive-progressive method of H. Lefebvre. It is understood in this research that the big businesses of production of the space have as main beneficiaries the great contractors "The National Champions". The major projects have been analyzed: The Cup City/Itaipava Arena; Rota dos Coqueiros e Cidade Saneada as representative of a ‘’new’’ articulation between public and private within the process which we call expanded patrimonial rentier accumulation between State and capital. Thus, the study focused on the economic and spatial restructuring of the MRR linked to those projects and concluded that this process is the result of global capitalist competition now driven by a broad process of financialization of the world economy, result of an space-time adjustment of the system and its link with the production of the space, and also represents a coalition of interests among national and local fractions of the capital which represent economic groups connected to the construction industry, via political-institutional and spatial arrangements such as concessions and public-private partnerships, long-term debt and shares in the social capital of a select number of companies from the heavy construction sector linked to great national holdings, being those agents able to manipulate the public fund via political and economic influence, in an overlay context of geographic scales.
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Manager l'interface. Approche par la complexité du processus collaboratif de conception, d'intégration et de réalisation : modèle transactionnel de l'acteur d'interface et dynamique des espaces d'échanges / An approach through the complexity of the collaborative process of design, integration and realization : a transactional model of the interface actor and dynamics of exchange spacesNicquevert, Bertrand 23 November 2012 (has links)
Dans de grands projets tels qu’accélérateurs ou détecteurs de particules, les interfaces et les frontières se révèlent à la fois critiques et sous-estimées. Le manageur technique, acteur parmi les autres, se trouve placé à des nœuds de réseau où il doit mettre en œuvre des espaces d'échanges afin de susciter des conduites collaboratives. À partir d’études de cas issus du terrain du CERN, la thèse adopte trois principes issus de la littérature de la complexité, les principes dialogique,hologrammique et d’auto-éco-organisation. Elle propose une construction méthodologique matricielleoriginale menant à l'élaboration d'un modèle transactionnel de l’acteur d’interface.L’espace d’échanges collaboratif devient le lieu où se déploie la dynamique de transformation del’acteur d’interface en acteur-frontière. Les objets intermédiaires élaborés lors du processus deconception / intégration y sont simultanément transformés en objets frontières, qui sont mobiliséspour la réalisation du produit dans le cadre récursivement déterminé du projet. L’intérêt d’uneapproche globale et couplée de cette dynamique des espaces d'échanges conduit à proposer un«hypercompas» afin d'orienter «l’agir ↔ penser» du manageur technique. / An approach through the complexity of the collaborative process of design, integration and realization:a transactional model of the interface actor and dynamics of exchange spacesAbstractIn large projects such as particle accelerators or detectors, interfaces and boundaries revealthemselves to be both critical and underestimated. The technical manager, an actor among others,finds himself placed at network nodes where he must set up exchanges spaces in order to generatecollaborative behaviours. Starting with case studies from the field of CERN, the thesis follows threeprinciples based on the dialogical, the hologramic and the self-eco-organization principles, asexpanded in the writings on complexity. It puts forward an original methodological matrix constructionleading to a transactional model of the interface actor.The collaborative exchanges spaces builds itself as a place for the dynamic transformation of theinterface actor into a boundary actor. Intermediate objects, created during the design / integrationprocess, are simultaneously transformed into boundary objects. They are instrumental in therealization of the product: this takes place in the framework of the project which has been determinedthrough a recursive process. The interest generated by such a global and combined approach of thisdynamic process leads to the proposal of a “hypercompass”, with the aim of providing the means forthe technical manager to orient his “acting ↔thinking”.
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