Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-04-04T15:38:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 sheryduquepinheiro.pdf: 13679622 bytes, checksum: 191fc2774f0be74e585115708ebd75d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-04-04T15:40:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 sheryduquepinheiro.pdf: 13679622 bytes, checksum: 191fc2774f0be74e585115708ebd75d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-04T15:40:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sheryduquepinheiro.pdf: 13679622 bytes, checksum: 191fc2774f0be74e585115708ebd75d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-23 / A espécie Bradypus variegatus (Schinz, 1825) tem nas atividades antrópicas sua principal ameaça. Esta realidade sugere que áreas de semi-cativeiro possam representar refúgios para estes animais, porém pouco se sabe sobre seu comportamento e capacidade de adaptação a ambientes tão limitados. A população de preguiça-comum objeto deste estudo reside no Parque Centenário, localizado no município de Barra Mansa – RJ. O presente estudo objetivou descrever o comportamento alimentar de B. variegatus investigando a composição da dieta, o uso do espaço, e as posturas assumidas durante a alimentação, descrevendo o processo interativo mãe-filhote no que se refere ao comportamento alimentar além de verificar a existência de lateralidade nos indivíduos. O estudo foi conduzido em duas etapas, de agosto de 1999 a agosto de 2004, e agosto de 2006 a agosto de 2007. Os métodos de observação empregados foram ad libitum e animal focal, em sessões com 8 horas de duração. Na primeira etapa foram realizados 71 dias de campo, totalizando 568 horas de observação. E na segunda, 28 dias ou 120 horas de esforço. Os indivíduos estudados apresentaram seletividade na dieta, com consumo de nove espécies no geral, em análise individual este número reduziu-se a quatro, os itens mais consumidos foram brotos e folhas jovens. A gleba dois foi a mais utilizada, foram classificadas de acordo com o número de membros envolvidos na sustentação 11 posturas relacionadas à alimentação. A maior utilização da gleba dois pode ser explicada pela existência de árvores utilizadas na dieta da maioria dos animais e por sua localização. A média do tempo de cuidado maternal dispensado foi de 4,7 meses, foi efetuado registro inédito de ingestão de placenta para a espécie e estabeleceram-se as principais atividades de mães e filhotes, registrando ao todo cinco posturas categorizadas pelo número de membros envolvidos na sustentação do corpo e na posição do filhote em relação à mãe. Houve redução tempo de permanência dos filhotes com as mães, de um a dois meses, assincronia entre o período de partos, início da alimentação sólida, e período de permanência com a mãe com aqueles registrados na literatura. O abandono precoce pode refletir situação de conflito e competição por recursos que associado a outros fatores têm sido a causa das quedas e morte dos filhotes. A menor diversidade de posturas apresentadas por fêmeas com filhotes provavelmente relaciona-se com a limitação imposta pelo transporte, necessidade de segurança, ângulo de observação do filhote e facilitação no atendimento aos chamados do mesmo. Em nível populacional houve diferença significativa de utilização entre todas as categorias Membro Torácico Esquerdo, Membro Torácico Direito, Direto com a Boca e Membro Torácico Direito e Esquerdo, embora o Membro Torácico Direito tenha obtido maior média de utilização. A análise individual com base no HI revelou proporção similar entre destros e canhotos, apenas um macho mostrou preferência consistente pelo MTE. Não houve diferença significativa entre machos e fêmeas e não foi possível comparar estatisticamente categorias etárias devido a morte de filhotes durante o experimento. A população não apresentou preferência manual na coleta de alimentos, estes resultados podem estar relacionados à anatomia da mão, a ausência de padrão postural e complexidade de tarefa. / The Bradypus variegatus species (Schinz, 1825) has in the human activities its main threat. This reality suggests that half-captivity areas can represent shelters for these animals, however little it knows on its behavior and capacity of adaptation the environments so limited. The object population three-toed sloth of this study inhabits in the Parque Centenário, located in the city of Barra Mansa-RJ, and is deriving of remaining areas of Atlantic Forest. The present study aimed to describe the feeding behavior of B. variegatus investigating the diet composition, space use, and the positions assumed during feeding, to describing the interactive process mother-young as for the alimentary behavior and besides verifying the existence of laterality in individuals. O study was development in two stages, of august of 1999 the august of 2004, and august of 2006 the august of 2007. The employed comment methods had been ad libitum and animal focal sampling, in sessions with 8 hours of duration. In the first stage 568 hours of comment had been carried through 71 days of field. And in second, 28 days or 120 hours of effort. The studied individuals had presented selectivity in the diet, with consumption of nine species in the generality, in individual analysis this number scrumbled it four, itens more consumed had been sprouts and young leaves. Soil two was used, had been 11 positions classified in accordance with the number of involved members in the sustentation related to the feeding being, the biggest use of soil two also can be explained by the existence of trees gifts in the diet of the majority of the animals and by its localization. The average of the time of excused maternal care was of 4,7 months, was effected unknown register of ingestion of placenta for the species and had established the main activities of mothers and younglings, registering to the five positions categorized for the number of involved members in the sustentation of the body and the young position in relation to the mother. It had reduction time of permanence of the young with the mothers, of one the two months, and there is no synchronism enters the period of childbirths, beginning of the solid feeding, period of permanence with the mother with those registered in literature. The precocious abandonment can reflect a conflict situation and competition for resources that associated to other factors to have been the cause of the falls and death of the young. The less diversity of positions presented for females with young probably is related to the limitation imposed for the transport, necessity of security, angle of comment of the youngling and facilitation in the attendance to the calls it. It had significant difference of use between all the categories Left Toracic Member, Right Toracic Member, Direct with the Mouth and Right and Left Toracic Member, even so the Right Toracic Member has gotten bigger average of use. The individual analysis on the basis of the HI disclosed a similar ratio between dexterous and left-handed individuals, only one male showed consistent preference for the LTM. Did not have significant difference between males and females, because the death of young was not possible to compare age categories due during the experiment. The population did not present manual preference in the food collection, these results can be related to the anatomy of the hand, the absence of postural pattern and complexity of task.

This investigation focused on two major areas of investigation, (a) the differentiation of functions between the two cerebral hemispheres and (b) the effectiveness of electromyographic biofeedback versus relaxation tape input as methods of lowering levels of arousal. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the differential effects of EMG biofeedback and relaxation tape input to the right ear only, to the left ear only and to both ears in a strongly lateralized population. Subjects were 56 students recruited from undergraduate psychology classes. To be included in the study, subjects had to score at minimum, and Edinburgh Handedness Inventory Laterality Quotient of 68, Declie = Right 3, and had to demonstrate a right ear advantage on the Dichotic Listening Task for Words.

Doctorat en sciences psychologiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

M.A. (Psychology) / Spatial ability as a cognitive ability has for some time been recognised as a distinct component in the intellectual make-up of the individual. Since the earliest identification of spatial ability in the 1920's, interest has been shown in the fuller understanding of this ability. Many controversies still exist since spatial ability has yet to be defined in a definitive manner. Spatial ability has received relatively little attention. Since a relationship between spatial ability and occupational success has been established, more interest has been shown in this field. Spatial ability is as important as language for survival in the business world and more so in the technical field. Spatial ability is synonymous with the socalled "minor" hemisphere. The importance of the "minor" hemisphere and in particular the link between the right hemisphere and the language centres of the left hemisphere, has recently been. recognised. This recognition is found where the right hemisphere together with the damaged left hemisphere may be included in a rehabilitation programme. Spatial ability is the product of environmental influences which include child rearing practices, education and nutrition. Other influences are of a genetic, hormonal and neurological nature. Associated the concept terms, the associated with of left with the cognitive functions of the brain, is lateralisation of functions.

Midshaft clavicle fractures are very common. Current treatment of choice involves internal fixation with superior or anterior clavicle plating, however their clinical success and patient satisfaction are slowly decreasing. The design of intramedullary (IM) devices is on the rise, but data describing the IM canal parameters is lacking. The aim of this study is to quantify morphometry of the clavicle and its IM canal, and to evaluate the effect of gender and anatomical side. This study used 3-dimensional (3D) image-based models with novel and automated methods of standardization, normalization and bone cross-section evaluation. The data obtained in this thesis presents IM canal and clavicle radius and center deviation parameterized as a function of clavicle length, in addition, its radius of curvature and true length. Results showed that right-sided clavicles tended to be shorter and thicker than left-sided, but only males showed a statistically significant difference in size compared to females (p<.0001). The smallest IM canal and clavicle radii were seen at different clavicle lengths (54% and 49%), suggesting that the narrowest region of IM canal cannot be appreciated based on external visualization of the clavicle alone. The narrowing of the IM canal is of special interest because this a potential limiting region for IM device design. Furthermore, the location and value of maximum lateral curvature displacement is different in the IM canal, implying there exists an eccentricity of the IM canal center with respect to the clavicle center.

Observing others performing actions is a common way to learn new motor skills. Such ability appears to be linked with one’s ability to imagine actions (motor imagery) (Wang et al. 2014). While motor imagery has been widely used in the context of athletic performance, the same approach has also been advocated in rehabilitation settings, where they often target populations with chronic pain using mobile health applications (de la Vega and Miro 2014). However, we still have very limited information as to how the ability to perform motor imagery addresses this rehabilitation application (Johnson et al. 2012). In the present study, we examined this question by looking at modulation in corticospinal excitability in the context of a motor imagery task. The imagery task itself consisted of judging whether images depicting hands in different postures represented either right or left hands. Based on prior neuroimaging and chronometric studies, such laterality judgments about hand postures are thought to involve mental rotations of one’s own hand (i.e., a form of implicit motor imagery) and thus provided an ideal context to evaluate if advocating such strategy is a valid approach to elicit motor activation in rehabilitation patients (Butson et al. 2014; Goble and Brown 2008; Parsons 1987). To this end, we used non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to probe the excitability of the motor system while young healthy participants performed mental rotations in the hand judgment task. Corticospinal excitability was tested in both hemispheres separately (target muscle: first dorsal interosseous) with participants (n=18) seated in front of a computer screen while they performed hand laterality judgments using a commercial set of pictures depicting bare hands in different postures. Excitability was tested also under two other conditions to contrast with variations measured during the hand laterality task, i.e. a mental counting task and a control task (looking at the image of a static foot). In all conditions, TMS (110% resting motor threshold) was set to trigger at ~half of the mean response time in the hand laterality task measured prior to testing with TMS. Comparison of task-related variations in MEP amplitude revealed no significant hemispheric main effect or interaction, although MEPs tended to be larger in general in response to left TMS. A “task condition” effect was observed owing to the large MEP facilitation elicited during the mental counting task, which was significantly different (p<0.001) from either the control “Foot” task or the hand rotation task. In fact, the latter task tended to be associated with MEP depression. A secondary experiment involving a subset of participants (n=6) to examine the influence of image contents (i.e. hand performing actions instead of bare hands) and probing more proximal muscles produced similar results as the main experiment. These results indicate that the general assumption that laterality tasks involving body parts will lead to internal mental rotation and motor activation and enhanced excitability is not necessarily true. In fact, our observations suggest that participants may rely on non-motor strategies based on visual cues when making laterality judgments about body parts. As well, no evidence for hemispheric asymmetry was found with the hand laterality task which is in line with other recent reports. Collectively, these results highlight the need to exert caution when using laterality tasks for rehabilitation purposes. One cannot simply assume that such tasks will translate into motor simulation and facilitation of the motor system. More research should be undertaken before recommending the hand mental rotation task as a viable rehabilitation option for chronic pain.

OBJETIVO: Investigar e comparar a aprendizagem de uma habilidade motora de alta demanda de planejamento em sujeitos pós-Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE) em função do lado da lesão. MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo 22 indivíduos pós-AVE para compor o grupo experimental (GE), sendo 10 LD e 12 LE, e 14 sujeitos saudáveis para o grupo controle (GC). Os critérios de inclusão foram: 40 a 75 anos de idade, lesão em circulação anterior, crônicos, único evento vascular, destros e Mini Exame de Estado Mental (MEEM) com pontuação acima de 23. A tarefa consistiu em realizar a inserção de uma barra em um orifício, o mais rapidamente possível. O estudo foi composto de duas fases, sendo de aquisição (AQ) com 50 tentativas e de testes de retenção em curto (RET1), longo prazo (RET2) e transferência (TR) com 10 tentativas cada. Foram realizadas análises intra (GC, GE, LD e LE) e intergrupos por meio da ANOVA two-way (grupos X blocos) com medidas repetidas no segundo fator, seguida do post hoc de Tukey. O nível de significância adotado foi de 0,05. RESULTADOS: Houve déficit na aprendizagem do GE nas comparações do nível de desempenho entre o último bloco da AQ com os testes de RET2 e TR, que se apresentou dependente do lado da lesão. Quando comparado com o GC e com LD, o LE apresentou deterioração na RET2. CONCLUSÃO: Há diferença entre o GE e GC no que se refere à aprendizagem de uma habilidade motora com alta demanda de planejamento, mensurada por meio do teste de RET em longo prazo, sendo esta diferença dependente do lado da lesão. O grupo com LE apresentou os maiores déficits na aprendizagem / OBJECTIVE: To investigate and compare the motor learning of a motor skill with high planning demand in post-stroke subjects according to the hemisphere side damage. METHOD: The study comprised twenty-two post-stroke individuals in the experimental group (EG), 10 right hemisphere damaged (RHD) and 12 left hemisphere damaged (LHD), and 14 health subjects in the control group (CG). The inclusion criteria were: age between 40 and 75 years old, anterior circulation damage, chronic stage, single stroke, right-handed and Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) with score over 23 points. The task consisted of inserting a bar into a hole, as fast as possible. The study consisted of two phases, acquisition (ACQ) with 50 trials and retention tests in short-term (RET1), long-term (RET2) and transfer (TR), with 10 trials each. Analyses within group (CG, EG, RHD and LHD) and between groups were performed by ANOVA two-way (groups x blocks) with repeated measures in the second factor followed by post-hoc of Tukey test. The significant level adopted was 0,05. RESULTS: There was a decrease in the EG learning when the level of performance on the last ACQ block was compared with RET 2 and TR tests, dependent on the hemisphere damage side. CONCLUSION: There are differences on motor learning of a motor skill with high planning demand between EG and CG, especially measured at the RET2. LHD subjects showed significant deterioration in motor learning at the RET2

The aim of this study is to contribute to the standardization of the new diagnostic tools assessing the motor manifestations of laterality in adults and children aged 8 to 10 years, both in terms of determining the theoretical concept and the selection of appropriate items, and the verification of structural hypotheses concerning the design of acceptable models, including the diagnostic quality of individual parts of the test battery. Moreover in this study we try to suggest new approach in assessing of motor laterality manifestation by means of relationship between cerebellar dominance and hand performance. The first part of this thesis deals with the concept of laterality, its manifestations and meaning in non-living systems and living organisms. As a human characteristic, laterality is manifested in a variety of functional and structural asymmetries. This part also discusses ways of diagnosing motor manifestations of laterality and the issue of cerebellar dominance, including its reflection in the form of asymmetry of the extinction physiological syndrome of upper limbs. The second part focuses on the process of the standardization study, the statistical method of structural equation modelling, and the actual design of test battery construction. The last part of this thesis presents the results...

ABSTRACT Title: Laterality influence on the violinists locomotor system disorders Objectives: The main object of this work is to find relation between laterality (dominance, preferences body) and forced left-sided activities - playing the violin, and to authenticate if the forced lateral activity indicate greater effect on musculosceletal disorders in the nondominant laterality. Methods: Questionnaire includes questionnaire part, preference task and performance task, it's anonymous. Probands are students of music conservatory and professionals violinist of chambre and symphony orchestra. The final number of probands who have involved the questionnaire is 110 (66 womens and 44 mens). Results: The hypothesis hasn't been confirmed. Results showed better subjective evaluation of potential musculoskeletal disorders by probands left-handers Keywords: playing the violin, laterality, dominance, musculoskeletal disorders

Objectives: Our thesis is focused on correlation of lateral (side) preferencies of lower limbs and quality of sensorimotor control. Our aim is to figure out whether there is difference in laterality of sensorimotor control of lower limbs and if so, whether there is correlation with side preferency. Methods: Study is made on 18 volunteers. We tested somatosenzoric system, specifically two-point discrimination, graphesthesia, pallesthesia, statesthesia, kinesthesia. We used a questionnare to determine side preferency of lower limbs. We used paired sample t- tests, with level of importance p=0,05. Results: According to t-tests, there are no differencies in sensorimotor control in lower limbs. According to those results, it is not possible to determine the difference in sensorimotor control due to lower limb preferency. Summary: There is no difference in sides in sensorimotor control of lower limbs.