Orientador: Antonio Roberto Esteves / Banca: Tieko Yamaguchi Miyazaki / Banca: Silvia Inês Carcamo de Arcuri / Banca: Alai Garcia Diniz / Banca: Maria de Fátima Alves de Oliveira Marcari / Resumo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar como a literatura articulada com a historiografia e a memória pode contribuir para a reelaboração da escrita da história. A partir da leitura crítica da trilogia do escritor Augusto Roa Bastos (1917-2005) - Hijo de hombre (1960), Yo el Supremo (1974) e El fiscal (1993) - este trabalho discute a questão do exílio e suas implicações na vida dos intelectuais, especialmente no século XX. Os textos são analisados à luz de referencial teórico que trata das relações entre história, memória, intelectual, poder e exílio. Os conceitos são abordados sob a perspectiva da literatura, literatura comparada e estudos históricos e culturais. Os personagens históricos envolvidos nas tramas do paraguaio Roa Bastos permitem revisitar a história de seu país, e contribuem para o estudo de sua identidade nacional. Os fatos históricos e os textos memorialísticos ficcionalizados permitem ao autor abordar questões como a relação entre história, memória e esquecimento, memória coletiva e poder / Abstract: This work aims to demonstrate how literature, combined with historiography and memory, can contribute to reworking history writing. From the critical reading of the trilogy written by Augusto Roa Bastos (1917-2005) - Hijo de hombre (1960), Yo el supremo (1974) and El fiscal (1993) - this research discusses the question of exile and its implications for the life of intellectuals, especially in the twentieth century. The texts are analyzed in the light of theoretical references that deal with relations between history, memory, intellectual, power and exile. The concepts are discussed from the perspective of literature, comparative literature and historical and cultural studies. The historical characters involved in Roa Bastos' plot allow revisiting the history of his country, and contribute to the study of national identity. The historical facts and the fictionalized memorialistic texts allow the author to discuss issues such as the relation between history, memory and forgetfulness, collective and power / Doutor

abstract: Desde los textos más tempranos, la literatura de Latinoamérica ha sido marcada por la presencia de sus comunidades indígenas, la representación de las cuales siempre está cambiando. A lo largo del siglo XIX vemos que esos textos tienden a dar una perspectiva de esas culturas desde afuera. No es hasta después de la emergencia del realismo mágico en el siglo XX que conseguimos una mirada a esas culturas desde adentro. De los tempranos mágicorrealistas, tal vez ninguno de ellos haya captado la realidad social del indígena mejor que el guatemalteco Miguel Ángel Asturias. Sin embargo, a pesar de sus buenas intenciones de representar la realidad indígena, sacar a luz los desafíos que enfrentan y mejorar las condiciones en que viven, muchos críticos han cuestionado la representación asturiana de las culturas indígenas, acusándole a Asturias hasta de ser racista. En aquellas criticas, el modelo teórico que ha sido aplicado a la relectura de las obras de Asturias ha sido sin duda el de los estudios poscoloniales. Pero, ¿se presta esa literatura a aquel tipo de análisis? ¿Son aplicables esas teorías a las realidades sociales de Guatemala? Otros investigadores creen que hacer eso es una simplificación y tomar las cosas fuera de su contexto histórico. Es a base de este último argumento que esta tesina se inicia. Los objetivos de este estudio son de examinar la propiedad de aplicar esas teorías a las obras de Asturias y también de analizar la imagen del indígena creada en su literatura a través del uso de la imaginación, mitología y lenguaje maya. Este estudio se centra en algunos de los textos más tempranos de Asturias tales como su tesis de abogado, producción periodística y obras de ficción para analizar cómo él ha representado la población indígena de Guatemala. Este análisis concluye que lejos del racismo de que Asturias ha sido acusado, él está completamente comprometido con el proyecto de mejorar las condiciones en las que los indígenas de Guatemala viven. Además, concluye que Asturias ha representado esas comunidades de una manera positiva a través del uso del imaginario, mitología, sintaxis, léxico y organización literaria maya. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Spanish 2011

abstract: El presente estudio examina cuatro ensayistas periodistas latinoamericanas, Patricia Verdugo de Chile, Viviana Gorbato de la Argentina, Alma Guillermoprieto de México y Zoé Valdés de Cuba, para entender cómo cada autora transcribe sus investigaciones en el campo en forma narrativa. A través de un examen del uso del procedimiento de la entrevista, analizamos cómo todas estas periodistas de investigación utilizan el testimonio de sus personajes para crear historias que intentan, por un lado, reportar sobre temas culturales de manera objetiva, y por otra parte, captar las emociones de los que viven y que son testigos a los eventos de sus ensayos. Implementamos, por consiguiente, las estrategias discursivas del nuevo periodismo, las cuales proporcionan una manera de diseccionar la estructura de los textos. Al entender la forma de los ensayos en vinculación con probar la importancia del testimonio respecto al elemento emocional, se provoca una búsqueda de lo que significa cada obra. Debido al gran empleo del testimonio, se encuentra con una pluralidad de voces que en su conjunto tienen un mayor propósito: representar una comunidad con una causa pertinente. En el proceso de presentar su causa, se evidencia una posible conexión entre los textos y el género híbrido de la novela testimonial. Finalmente, al considerar el peligro de ser periodista en América Latina, hacemos hincapié en la importancia de esta labor literaria y la gran cantidad de mujeres de esta región mundial que corren tanto riesgo para facilitar a sus lectores esta diversidad de temas culturales. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Spanish 2012

<p> This dissertation examines the theme of strangeness in Arabic and Latin American literature between 1880 and 1920. Through analytical readings of novels and other prose fiction of the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, I show the salience of strangeness, alienation and estrangement as motifs in these works. In the first chapter of the dissertation, I examine earlier works of prose to provide context. In the second chapter, I focus on strangeness as manifested through sexual transgression. Finally, in the last chapter, I analyze narratives of physical estrangement, such as travel, urban alienation, and disconnect from nature. </p><p> In analyzing strangeness, I show its close relationship with modernity. Indeed, alienation is a hallmark of modernity, rising from a disconnect with one&rsquo;s society and physical environment. Alienation and estrangement are also metaphorical ways of addressing the relationship with the Other, especially if that Other is a colonizer or ex-colonizer. Strangeness is therefore expressive of problematics of national identity, at a time of budding decolonization and post-colonial nation-building. </p><p> Finally, this dissertation shows how the early prose literature of the turn of the twentieth century, in Latin America and in the Arab world, has expressed essential anxieties of modernity, and set the course for the canonical works of the later twentieth century.</p><p>

Orientador: Antonio Roberto Esteves / Resumo: O presente trabalho realiza uma análise comparativa entre os romances Desmundo (1996), da escritora brasileira Ana Miranda, e Finisterre (2005) da escritora argentina María Rosa Lojo. Propomos demonstrar como os romances selecionados apresentam uma afinidade no modo de conceber a reconstrução das heroínas, por meio da revisão de episódios históricos traumáticos dos séculos XVI e XIX, que outorgam às figuras da órfã e da cativa branca, respectivamente, um papel emblemático na construção do ideal do que futuramente seriam as modernas nações latino-americanas. O questionamento dos mitos raciais e culturais é feito a partir das memórias individuais e das compartilhadas com o imaginário coletivo que apresentam uma versão inédita da história, pelo olhar marginal da voz feminina. Ademais, pretendemos verificar as tensões entre o Outro e a mulher, nas quais podemos ver refletidas as relações entre as protagonistas e os discursos que legitimam a autoridade das identidades dominantes. Nesse sentido, podemos ler importantes discussões de cunho ideológico que atravessam os romances e confirmam a desconstrução da univocidade dos discursos fundacionais da Nação, assim como o desejo de refundação de suas bases pela conciliação entre pares, tradicionalmente opostos. Tomamos como base teórica os estudos sobre a metaficção historiográfica, de Linda Hutcheon (1991) e os estudos sobre novo romance histórico latino-americano (PERKOWSKA, 2008), entre outros, a fim de avaliarmos os aspectos cultura... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work makes a comparative analysis of Desmundo novels (1996), by the Brazilian writer Ana Miranda and Finisterre (2005) by the Argentine writer, María Rosa Lojo. We propose to show how the selected novels have an affinity in the way of conceiving the reconstruction of the heroines, through of the traumatic historical episodes review of the Sixteenth and Nineteenth century, which allow to figures of the orphan and white slave woman an emblematic role in the ideal of building which in the future would be the modern Latin American nations. The questioning of the racial and cultural myths is done from the individual memories and shared with the collective imagination that present a unique version of the story, through of the woman's voice marginal eye. Furthermore, we intend to verify the tensions between the Other and the woman, in which we see reflected the relationships between the protagonists and the discourses that legitimize the authority of the dominant identities. In this sense, we can read important ideological discussions that cross the novels and confirm the nation deconstruction of the univocity of the founding discourses and the desire to re-foundation of its bases for reconciliation between pairs traditionally opposed. We take as theoretical basis the studies of Historiographical Metafiction by Linda Hutcheon (1991) and studies about Latin American's New Historical Novel (PERKOWSKA, 2008), among others, to assess the gender cultural aspects, the dialogue with l... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

abstract: The indigenous communities of Chiapas, Mexico, have long manifested resistance to oppression and discrimination. This study centers on the analysis of Chiapas: el fin del silencio (1998) by Alberto Turok, connecting the work of the photographer to the problems faced by indigenous people in the region, such as inequality and marginalization. Race, class, gender, and globalization, in addition to the emergence of the Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN), are essential factors to the discourse of resistance. EZLN, an armed indigenous group in Chiapas, led by its famed leader, Subcomandante Marcos, clearly opposed the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). In examining resistance, ritual, and performance, the photography of Turok serves as testimony of the struggles of indigenous people and the relevance it has for a diverse Mexican society. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Spanish 2012

abstract: With the establishment of "the special period in times of peace" in the nineties, there was in Cuba a series of transformations that affected its artistic and literary production. Therefore, gradually, a thematic opening emerged focused on deconstructing the idealized sociopolitical reality of the island allowing for the reformulation of the ways in which women were depicted. The main objective of this study is to initiate a dialogue with the short fiction produced during this period in order to shed light on the fragmentary representation of female characters. In regards to said objective, the approach selected centers on the observation and analysis of violence, humor and national memory as recurring thematic elements in the texts. With that finality, the aesthetic proposals present in the work of Aida Bahr, Ena Lucía Portela, and Marilyn Bobes, will be analyzed using current literary and cultural theory. Among these the most noteworthy are Josephine Gattuso Hendin's theory of violence and the representations of women, Henri Bergson's theory of humor, and the critical works of numerous scholars specializing in Cuban fiction produced in the last two decades. As has been concluded, through the protagonists and their discourse, thematic and stylistic components contribute to creating new representations of women allowing for new responses and ways of coexisting that cast doubt on the stereotype of the revolutionary woman. These components, likewise, question the relationship between the characters in the stories and the concept of nation, which in the words of Nara Araújo, will allow us to reveal the different ways of reading the world of the present generation. Therefore, through the analysis of the configuration of these reactionary representations, a contribution is made to the study of the current narrative produced by women in Cuba. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Spanish 2012

abstract: This work aims to deepen the construction of identity of the Korean-argentinian through the "koreanity" and "koreanism". Therefore, we will analyze the short story collection La peonia y su sombra (2002) in search of evidence that discover the difficult definition of the "koreanism", or the practice of Korean culture, in which the language is included. The "koreanity" is a feature based on physical traits, while the "koreanism" is defined by the use of the language and the culture. While the "koreanity" is an exogenous factor, and it is well defined, the "koreanism" is defined through cultural impressions that are more difficult to distinguish. To do this we will use the Argentine native vision to find the "koreanism" and, if necessary, will exhibit different forms of subsistence of the "koreanism" in Argentina. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Spanish 2013

<p> This project proposes to re-conceptualize the city of Buenos Aires through the works of three Argentine authors. This work will move away from a univocal understanding of the city, and will re-think Buenos Aires as a confluence of meanings that subjects navigate and negotiate daily to destabilize metanarratives of urban space. In this work, the tropes of the (in)visible and performance/movement will bridge the three chapters, challenging us to distance ourselves from the oversimplified understandings that rely heavily on the visual. As such, urban space will be seen as under construction because it is always conditioned by the presence and performance of the subject. </p><p> Chapter one will work through Roberto Arlt&rsquo;s <i>Aguafuertes porte&ntilde;as.</i> It will highlight his attacks on institutions like the <i>Escuelas normales</i> and the <i>Sociedad Argentina de Escritores</i> (SADE) that looked to homogenize culture under the banner of <i>argentinidad,</i> and argue how his aguafuertes contest a dogmatic system of signs while serving as a critical starting point in the emergence of the margins in the city. Chapter two will interrogate Carlos Gorostiza&rsquo;s play, El puente (1948), written during Per&oacute;n&rsquo;s first presidency (1946-1955). It will focus on one figure in particular &ndash; the Madre &ndash; and show how performativity of this newly-mobilized subject destabilizes and recasts notions of the city by contesting normative behaviors reified by the upper classes during the 1930s and early 1940s. Chapter three reads C&eacute;sar Aira&rsquo;s novel <i>La villa,</i> incorporating the concepts of topography and topology as instruments to illuminate the <i> villa miseria&rsquo;s</i> impact on modern representations of urban space during Argentina&rsquo;s political shift from neoliberalism to neopopulism at the turn of the 21^st century.</p><p>

The purpose of my project is to provide a compilation of the work of Nicaraguan born poet, Salomon De la Selva, who incidentally was nominated for a Nobel Prize in 1919, and was the first Latin-American poet to publish extensively in English. In order to achieve this goal, my research methods included the substantial use of the Internet, as well as two investigative trips to Mexico and one to Nicaragua, which ultimately led me to uncover a total of 135 unaccounted English-language poems. In addition, De la Selva's uniqueness lies in the fact that he was a truly bilingual writer, who was equally able to create both in English and Spanish, simultaneously. Therefore, my project not only represents an act of reclamation, but the new material also provides new exciting possibilities for his work by facilitating an intertextual analysis of his poems, which will aid in understanding the complexities of bilingualism.