This study contributes to the discussion of managing tourism to a protected area in a developing country (Galapagos, Ecuador). The first part of the analysis provides quantitative data about preferences of tourists and potential impacts on park revenues from price discrimination. It uses the data from a choice experiment survey conducted in the summer of 2009 in which these four attributes of a tour of the Galapagos were described: tour length, depth of naturalist experience, level of protection of Galapagos from invasive species, and price of the tour. On average the Galapagos tourist would be willing to pay slightly more than 2.5 times for a trip with a high-level of environmental protection than for a trip that is equivalent on all other characteristics but has a lower level of environmental protection. The mean marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) for a trip with an in-depth naturalist experience is 1.8 times more than that for a trip with a less detailed naturalist experience but equivalent on other characteristics. The relatively inelastic demand for travel to the islands would allow managers to adjust access fees to shift the distribution of length of trips while not affecting the revenues. The second part of the analysis evaluates the influence on travel to the islands by depicting Galapagos as a standard market commodity as well as depicting it as an environmental commodity. This analysis compares the results obtained from two different choice experiment surveys given to tourists finishing their trip to Galapagos. One survey design portrays the archipelago as a standard holiday island destination while the other design highlights the uniqueness and vulnerability of the islands' biodiversity and the challenges that tourism poses to the islands' conservation. Results suggest that additional information modified an individual's decision-making process. In the first design case (which excludes environmental information), the influence of attributes such as length and depth of natural experience is attenuated. The MWTPs estimated for these attributes are smaller in absolute terms although differences on the MWTP are not statistically significant.

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This thesis investigates Brasil’s Nightclub, a Philadelphia salsa club, as a site at which notions of Latino/a identity are produced and performed. Research for the thesis was conducted over the course of five months and was ethnographic in nature. From February 2016 until June 2016, the author attended Brasil’s Nightclub and collected participant observations and interviews. Findings reveal how the club accommodates multiple conflicting narratives of Latino/a identity and how these narratives are embodied through salsa dance practices. / Dance

This research analyzes how a continuum of socio-economic and political structures since colonization, what I defined as colonial legacies, has affected the development of greening policies and other broader urban realities in contemporary Santiago, Chile’s capital city. I connect these colonial legacies with the current outcomes of urban green areas in several ways: 1. How Santiago’s spatial organization and planning have excluded working-poor, indigenous, and non-white people from fair access to services and spaces of privilege. 2. How Augusto Pinochet’s military dictatorship (1973-1990) increased geographical and economic disparities across wealthy and non-wealthy municipalities. 3. How neoliberal economic policies not only decreased public services while increasing social exclusion and economic segregation for everyday people but also prioritized economic outcomes for municipalities in detriment over social and environmental. In dialogue with the literature on green space in Santiago, this research brings together a de-colonial theoretical framework, intended to make visible hidden and often oppressive realities affecting everyday and marginalized people, and a Global South epistemology urban scholarship, intended to validate the production of knowledge that comes from spaces in the margins, to also understand: 1) to what extent are urban greening policies at the municipal level excluding/including residents from participating in urban green area development, and 2) how are residents (everyday, low-income, and marginalized) rethinking urban green spaces (and the urban in general) in the wake of massive social unrest across the Latin American region. I offer answers to these inquiries by using qualitative methods (open-ended interviews with municipal authorities and residents of six municipalities, participatory observation, content analysis, and visceral data collection) to show how the access and development of these public spaces have been shaped by structural systems that have continued the ideas in which Santiago was organized since 1541. An expert-residents’ disconnection, were ideas and the understanding of urban green areas (as well as the urban in general) from authorities does not replicate what everyday and marginalized people need and asked for, emerged as a major theme to explain the realities of green areas across wealthy and non-wealthy comunas. This research concludes that this disconnection has become fundamental to clarify why other oppressive urban realities, beyond green areas development, have remained invisible and unaddressed by the state and elite group in Santiago, a situation that generated massive social unrest in the country. / Geography

This paper seeks to explore the early twentieth century trend of ethnographic adventure filmmaking. A subgenre of the ethnographic film, these works blended ethnographic observations with scripted and staged adventure stories, advancing popular tropes of indigenous first contact and the superiority of Western civilization. Focusing on a 1931 expedition to the Amazon which resulted in the creation of the first sync-sound ethnographic adventure film, titled Matto Grosso: The Great Brazilian Wilderness, I argue that despite flaws in its conception, production, and media coverage, this film serves as an example of how non-academic sources of knowledge production can still create important primary documents for indigenous source communities. / Master of Arts

This thesis examines the social and economic impacts of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Fortaleza, Brazil. The study used a budget analysis, and in depth interviews to ascertain the economic impact of the world cup games and the distribution of revenue across different sectors and socio-economic divisions within the local economy. A historical and vulnerability analysis was conducted through the examination of secondary sources (historical documents, census data, previous research on vulnerable populations) to identify groups and spaces of high social vulnerability. Qualitative data was then collected through in depth interviews with sources from all facets of society during the World Cup games and the following summer to identify the social impacts on these vulnerable groups and spaces. The thesis found that the final economic costs for infrastructure and stadium refurbishments associated with the World Cup in Fortaleza far exceeded the projected costs and the final economic impact on the local economy was half of projected estimates. While the city saw social benefits in the celebratory atmosphere and public security provided during the World Cup, there were also negative impacts on socially vulnerable groups and spaces including forced community relocations, increases in cases of commercial sexual exploitation, and rises in violent crime.